Delta IV Heavy: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox rocket
| name = Delta IV Heavy
| image = NROL-71 Wide (cropped alt).jpg
| caption = Delta IV Heavy sedang diluncurkan dari [[Pangkalan Angkatan Luar angkasa Vandenberg]]
| upright = 1.2
| function = Roket Orbit kelas berat
| manufacturer = [[United Launch Alliance]]
| webpage =
| country-origin = [[Amerika Serikat]]
| cpl = US$350 Juta <ref>{{cite web|title=ULA CEO Tory Bruno|url=https://twitter.com/torybruno/status/963109303291854848|website=twitter.com|access-date=12 February 2018|quote=Delta IV Heavy goes for about US$350M. That's current and future, after the retirement of both Delta IV Medium and Delta II.}}</ref><br/>NRO: US$440 Juta
| cpl-year = 2018
| height = {{cvt|72|m}}
| diameter = {{cvt|5|m}}
| width = {{cvt|15|m}}
|capacities = {{Infobox rocket/payload
| location = [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
| kilos = {{cvt|28790|kg}}
}}
{{Infobox rocket/payload
| location = [[Geostationary transfer orbit|GTO]]
| kilos = {{cvt|14220|kg}}
}}
| family = [[Delta IV]]
| comparable = {{flatlist|
* [[Long March 5]]
* [[Ariane 5]]
* [[Falcon Heavy]]
* [[Titan IV]]
* [[Proton-M]]
}}
| status = Active
| sites = {{unbulleted list
| [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]]
| [[Vandenberg Air Force Base|VAFB]], [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6|SLC-6]]
}}
| launches = 13 <!-- as of 26 April 2021 NROL-82 launch -->
| success = 12
| fail =
| partial = 1
| other_outcome =
| first = 21 Desember 2004 ([[List of USA satellites|USA-181]])
| last = 26 April 2021 ([[List of NRO launches|NROL-82]])
| payloads = {{flatlist|
* [[EFT-1]]
* [[NROL|NRO classified payloads]]
** [[KH-11 Kennen|Kennen]]
** [[Orion (satellite)|Orion]]
* ''[[Parker Solar Probe]]''
}}
| stagedata =
{{Infobox rocket/stage
| type = booster
| diff = [[Common Booster Core|CBC]]
| name =
| number = 2
| length = {{cvt|40.8|m}}
| diameter = {{cvt|5.1|m}}
| empty = {{cvt|26000|kg}}
| gross = {{cvt|226400|kg}}
| propmass = {{cvt|200400|kg}} <ref name=sf1d4>{{cite web|title=Delta IV Heavy|url=http://www.spaceflight101.com/delta-iv-heavy.html|website=Spaceflight 101|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref>
| engines = 1 [[RS-68A]]
| thrust = {{cvt|3140|kN}}
| total = {{cvt|6280|kN}}
| SI = '''[[Sea level]]:''' {{cvt|360|isp}}<br/>'''[[Vacuum]]:''' {{cvt|412|isp}}
| burntime = 242 detik <ref name=d4ppg>{{cite web|url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/uploads/docs/Launch_Vehicles/Delta_IV_Users_Guide_June_2013.pdf|title=Delta IV Payload Planner's Guide, June 2013 |publisher=United Launch Alliance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710005717/http://www.ulalaunch.com/uploads/docs/Launch_Vehicles/Delta_IV_Users_Guide_June_2013.pdf|archive-date=July 10, 2014 |access-date=July 26, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| fuel = [[LH2|LH<sub>2</sub>]] / [[LOX]]
}}
{{Infobox rocket/stage
| type = stage
| diff = [[Common Booster Core|CBC]]
| stageno = First
| name =
| length = {{cvt|40.8|m}}
| diameter = {{cvt|5.1|m}}
| empty =
| gross = {{cvt|226400|kg}}
| propmass = {{cvt|200400|kg}}
| engines = 1 [[RS-68A]]
| thrust = {{cvt|3140|kN}}
| SI = '''[[Sea level]]:''' {{cvt|360|isp}}<br/>'''[[Vacuum]]:''' {{cvt|412|isp}}
| burntime = 328 detik
| fuel = [[LH2|LH<sub>2</sub>]] / [[LOX]]
}}
{{Infobox rocket/stage
| type = stage
| diff = [[Delta Cryogenic Second Stage|DCSS]]
| stageno = Second
| name =
| length = {{cvt|13.7|m}}
| diameter = {{cvt|5.1|m}}
| empty =
| gross = {{cvt|30700|kg}}
| propmass = {{cvt|27220|kg}}
| engines = 1 [[RL10|RL10-B-2]]
| thrust = {{cvt|110|kN}}
| SI = {{cvt|462|isp}}
| burntime = 1125 detik
| fuel = [[LH2|LH<sub>2</sub>]] / [[LOX]]
}}
}}
'''Delta IV Heavy''' ('''Delta 9250H''') adalah Roket kelas berat yang dikembangkan oleh [[United Launch Alliance]] dan melakukan peluncuran pertamanya pada tahun 2004. Roket ini merupakan yang terbesar dari keluarga Roket [[Delta IV]], dan roket dengan kemampuan beban bawaan terberat kedua didunia setelah Roket [[Falcon Heavy|Falcon 9 Heavy]] milik [[SpaceX]], dan mungkin diikuti oleh Roket [[Badan Administrasi Antariksa Nasional Tiongkok|CNSA]] asal China, [[Long March 5]].
Bagian dari roket Delta IV Heavy terdiri dari bagian inti Roket yang menggunakan satu Common Booster Core (CBC) yang berbahan bakar cair dengan 2 CBC lainnya sebagai penambah Daya Dorong roketnya, berbeda dengan keluarga Delta IV medium + yang menggunakan Penambah daya dorong berbentuk bahan bakar padat, yaitu GEM-60. Pada saat Meluncur, semua mesin [[RS-68]] yang digunakan CBC akan bekerja dengan tenaga penuh selama 44 Detik sebelum mesin dibagian inti roket dikurangi tenaganya hingga 55% untuk menghemat bahan bakar roket. Penambah daya dorong roket akan dilepas dari inti roket pada 242 detik setelah peluncuran dilakukan dan bagian inti roket akan kembali bekerja dengan tenaga penuh. Bagian Inti roket akan bekerja selama 84 detik kemudian sebelum dilepaskan dan selanjutnya Tingkat kedua roket akan bekerja mengantarkan muatannya ke Orbit.
== Sejarah ==
Jajaran roket Delta IV dikembangkan oleh perusahaan [[McDonnell Douglas]], sebelum [[United Launch Alliance]] mengambil alih perusahaan peluncuran tersebut. Delta IV Heavy merupakan Anggota Roket terkuat di antara keluarga Roket Delta IV, termasuk versi Delta IV Medium yang lebih kecil dibandingkan Delta IV heavy. Delta IV Heavy mampu membawa beban muatan ke angkasa mencapai {{cvt|28370|kg}} ke orbit rendah bumi (LEO) dan {{cvt|13810|kg}} ke orbit Transfer geostatiori (GTO).<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Delta IV Heavy: Powerful Launch Vehicle|url=https://www.space.com/40360-delta-iv-heavy.html|publisher=Space.com|access-date=2018-07-21}}</ref> Semua bagian Roket ini merupakan roket dengan menggunakan bahan bakar cair,terdiri dari tingkat kedua roket, Tingkat pertama roket yang disebut inti roket (Core), dan dua Penambah daya dorong roket ( Booster ).
Peluncuran pertama Delta IV Heavy pada tahun 2004 dengan membawa muatan boilerplate yang berakhir dengan kegagalan roket dalam mencapai orbit. Kavitasi pada saluran bahan bakar [[oksigen cair]] menyebabkan kedua penambah daya dorong roket berhenti bekerja delapan detik lebih awal, dan mesin inti roket sembilan detik lebih awal, ini menghasilkan kecepatan staging atau pemisahan yang lebih rendah yang tidak dapat dikompensasi oleh tahap kedua dari roket. Muatan roket tersebut akhirnya mencapai orbit yang lebih rendah dari seharusnya. Operasional pertama dari roket ini adalah meluncurkan [[satelit DSP-23]], yang berhasil diluncurkan pada tahun 2007; itu kemudian digunakan untuk meluncurkan lima satelit mata mata untuk [[Badan Pengintaian Nasional|National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)]] hingga 2013.
Pada bulan Desember 2014, Delta IV Heavy digunakan untuk meluncurkan misi ujicoba Wahana antariksa milik [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]], [[Orion (wahana antariksa)|Orion]] yang sedang menjalankan misi ujicoba yang disebut [[Exploration Flight Test-1|Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1)]]. Setelah beberapa penundaan, misi berhasil diluncurkan pada 12:05 UTC pada 5 Desember 2014. Pada 12 Agustus 2018, Delta IV Heavy dengan tambahan bagian roket Star 48BV di tahap ketiga digunakan untuk meluncurkan [[Parker Solar Probe]] ke [[orbit heliosentris]] dengan misi penelitian [[Matahari]].
== Kemampuan dari Delta IV Heavy ==
Kemampuan roket Delta IV Heavy:
* Orbit Rendah Bumi (LEO), 200 km × 28.7°: {{cvt|28790|kg}} <ref name="planner guide2013">{{cite web|date=4 June 2013|title=Delta IV Launch Services User's Guide - June 2013|url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/docs/product_cards/guides/Delta%20IV%20Users%20Guide%20June%202013.pdf|publisher=United Launch Alliance|pages=2–10,5-3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014123330/http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/docs/product_cards/guides/Delta%20IV%20Users%20Guide%20June%202013.pdf|archive-date=14 October 2013|access-date=31 October 2020}}</ref>
* Orbit Rendah Bumi ([[Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional|ISS]]), 407 km × 51.6°: {{cvt|25980|kg}} <ref>{{cite web|title=Delta IV Data Sheet|url=http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/delta4.html|publisher=Space Launch Report|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>
* [[Orbit transfer geostasioner|Orbit Transfer Geostationer]] (GTO): {{cvt|14220|kg}} <ref name="planner guide2013" />
* [[Orbit geostasioner|Orbit Geostationer]] (GEO): {{cvt|6750|kg}} <ref name="planner guide2013" />
* Orbit Transfer Bulan (LTO): {{cvt|10000|kg}}
* Orbit Transfer Mars : {{cvt|8000|kg}} <ref>{{cite web|last1=Ray|first1=Justin|date=7 December 2004|title=The Heavy: Triple-sized Delta 4 rocket to debut|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d310/041207preview.html|publisher=Spaceflight Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211171244/http://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d310/041207preview.html|archive-date=11 December 2004|access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref>
Roket Delta IV Heavy memiliki total massa pada saat peluncuran sekitar {{cvt|733000|kg}} dan memproduksi tenaga dorong sebesar {{cvt|952000|kg}} untuk meluncurkan roket ke angkasa.
== Statistik peluncuran Delta IV Heavy ==
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| width = 730
| height = 250
| stack = 1
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| group 2 = 1:0:0:0:0:0: 0:0:0:0:0: 0:0:0:0:0: 0:0:0:0
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| group 4 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 0:0:0:0:0: 0:0:0:0:0: 0:0:2:1
| colors = FireBrick : Orange : ForestGreen : LightBlue
| group names = Gagal : Hampir Gagal : Sukses : Direncanakan
| units suffix = _launches
| x legends = 2004:::::: 2010::::: 2015::::: 2020:::
| y tick marks = 1
}}
== Riwayat Peluncuran Delta IV Heavy ==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+
|-
! Flight
! Date !! Payload <ref name="Gunter's Space Page">{{cite web|last1=Krebs|first1=Gunter|title=Delta-4|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta-4.htm|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>|| Mass || Launch site || Outcome <ref name="Gunter's Space Page" />
|-
!| 1
| 21 Desember 2004 || [[DemoSat]], [[Sparkie (satellite)|Sparkie]] / [[3 Corner Satellite|3CS-1]] and [[Ralphie (satellite)|Ralphie]] / [[3 Corner Satellite|3CS-2]] || ~13,228 pounds (6000 kilogram) || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] || {{Partial failure}}{{efn|[[Common Booster Core|CBCs]] underperformed, lower orbit than planned}}
|-
! 2
| 11 November 2007 || [[DSP-23]] Defense Support Program || 11,574 pounds (5,250 kilogram) || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 3
| 18 Januar1 2009 || [[Orion (satellite)|Orion 6 / Mentor 4]] ([[USA-202]] / [[NROL]]-26) || {{n/a|[[Classified information|Classified]]}} || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 4
| 21 November 2010 || Orion 7 / Mentor 5 ([[USA-223]] / NROL-32) || {{n/a|[[Classified information|Classified]]}} || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 5
| 20 Januari 2011 || [[KH-11 Kennen]] 15 ([[USA-224]] / NROL-49) ||<37,479 pounds (17,000 kilogram)
| [[Pangkalan Angkatan Luar angkasa Vandenberg|Vandenberg]], [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6|SLC-6]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 6
| 29 Juni 2012 || Orion 8 / Mentor 6 (USA-237 / NROL-15) || {{n/a|[[Classified information|Classified]]}} || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 7
| 26 Agustus 2013 || KH-11 Kennen 16 ([[USA-245]] / NROL-65) || <37,479 pounds (17,000 kilogram) || [[Pangkalan Angkatan Luar angkasa Vandenberg|Vandenberg]], [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6|SLC-6]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 8
| 5 Desember 2014 || [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion]] [[Exploration Flight Test-1]] (EFT-1) || 46,297 pounds (21,000 kilogram) <ref name="EFT1_press_kit">{{cite web|title=NASA Orion Exploration Flight Test-1 PRESS KIT|url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/JSC_OrionEFT-1_PressKit_accessible.pdf|pages=12|publisher=NASA|date=December 2014}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>{{efn|name=Orion EFT-1|The officially reported mass of 21,000 kg includes the Launch Abort System (LAS) which did not reach orbit, but excludes the residual mass of the upper stage, which ''did'' reach orbit, likely offsetting the mass of the LAS.}} || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 9
| 11 Juni 2016 || Orion 9 / Mentor 7 (USA-268 / [[NROL]]-37) || {{n/a|[[Classified information|Classified]]}} || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37 |SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 10
| 12 Agustus 2018 || ''[[Parker Solar Probe]]''{{efn|[[Star 48]]BV upper stage}} || 1,510 pounds (685 kilogram) || [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37 |SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 11
| 19 Januari 2019 || NROL-71 || {{n/a|[[Classified information|Classified]]}} || [[Pangkalan Angkatan Luar angkasa Vandenberg|Vandenberg]], [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6|SLC-6]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 12
| 11 Desember 2020
| Orion 10 / Mentor 8 (USA-268/ [[NROL-44]])<ref name="SFN20201027">{{cite web|date=27 October 2020|title=Launch Schedule|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/|access-date=31 October 2020 |publisher=Spaceflight Now}}</ref><ref name="45th Weather Squadron">{{cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Launch Mission Execution Forecast|url=https://www.patrick.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Weather/|access-date=31 October 2020|publisher=45th Weather Squadron - Patrick Air Force Base}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>|| {{n/a|[[Classified information|Classified]]}}
|[[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] || {{Success}}
|-
! 13
| 26 April 2021
| [[KH-11|KH-11 Kennen 17]] ([[NROL|NROL-82]])
| 41,800 pounds (19,000 kilogram)
| [[Pangkalan Angkatan Luar angkasa Vandenberg|Vandenberg]], [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6|SLC-6]]
| {{Success}}
|}
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sistem peluncur orbital}}
{{angkasa-stub}}
{{teknologi-stub}}
[[Kategori:Kendaraan peluncur
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