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Baris 20:
 
== Sejarah naskah ==
[[Berkas:DuraEuropos-Church.jpg|ka|jmpl|200x200px|[[Gereja Dura-Europos|Dura-Europos gereja]] di Dura Europolis]]
Pada tanggal 5 Maret 1933, saat penggalian dilakukan oleh Clark Hopkins di antara reruntuhan Romawi di perbatasan kota, [[Dura-Europos]], di hilir sungai [[Sungai Efrat|Efrat]], di bawah tanggul yang terisi di jalanan dalam dinding dan juga menutupi [[Gereja Dura-Europos|gereja Kristen]] dan sinagoga[[Sinagoge Dura-Europos|sinagoge Yahudi]], ditemukan fragmen perkamen yang sekarang dikenal sebagai ''Dura Parchment 24''. Susan Hopkins adalah yang pertama mengenalinya sebagai bagian dari Injil.<ref>D. Plooij, ''A Fragment of Tatian's Diatessaron in Greek'', The Expository Times, Vol. 46, No. 10, p. 471 (1935)</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Discoveries of Dura-Europos|last=Clark Hopkins|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1979|page=106}} "...in one of the baskets of finds from the embankment, behind (west of) Block L8 and not far from Tower 18".</ref>
 
Fragmen itu diteliti oleh Carl H. Kraeling, yang menerbitkan teks pada tahun 1935, dengan diskusi luas. Kraeling menyimpulkan bahwa fragmen tersebut adalah salinan dari Diatessaron karya [[Tatianus]].<ref>Kraeling, Carl H., [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n3/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935)</ref> Teks disunting kembali, dengan koreksi minor, oleh C. Bradford Welles pada tahun 1959.<ref>C. Badford Welles, and others, ''The Parchments and Papyri'', volume 5, (New Haven, 1959), pp. 23-24</ref>
Baris 32:
 
== Deskripsi ==
Per definisi ketat, bukan suatu naskah Perjanjian Baru karena hanya berisi frasa-frasa teks [[Injil]]. Pada satu lembaran perkamen (10.5&#x20nbsp;cm x 9.5&#x20nbsp;cm), disalin teks dari: [[Injil Matius|Matius]] 27:56-57; [[Injil Markus|Mark]] 15:40,42; [[Injil Lukas|Lukas]] 23:49,50,51; [[Injil Yohanes|Yohanes]] 19:38. Umumnya, ini telah dianggap sebagai sebuah fragmen [[Tatian|Diatessaron Tatian]] ([[harmoni Injil]]).
Hanya satu sisi dari lembaran ini yang telah digunakan, dan mungkin juga berasal dari suatu gulungan.<ref>D. C. Parker, D. G. K. Taylor, [//en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Mark_Goodacre M. S. Goodacre], "The Dura-Europos Gospel Harmony," in ''Studies in the Early Text of the Gospels and Acts'', ed. D. G .K. Taylor, Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press, 1999, p. 192 ff.</ref>
Teks ditulis satu kolom per halaman, 15 (atau lebih) baris per halaman, 30-35 huruf per baris, dalam huruf-huruf [[uncial]].
<!--
Parts of the leaf have decayed, resulting in some loss from the text — approximately the first five to seven letters of each line. Additionally, some other letters are not legible.
Classic ''[[nomina sacra]]'' abbreviations were employed by the scribe, with the typical linear superscript.<ref>See: {{Cite book | author = [[Bruce M. Metzger]] | title = Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 1981 | chapter = Plate 8 | page = 67}}</ref>▼
The text is written in a good book-hand. There are three kinds of ''[[alpha (letter)|alpha]]'': the older [[Capital letter#History|capital]], the [[uncial]], and the [[Lower case|3rd-century-cursive–type]]. The letters ''[[tau]]'' and ''[[eta (letter)|eta]]'' (in the word της — 'the') have unusual characters, and were written with [[Typographic ligature|ligature]]s. The letter ''[[Mu (letter)|mu]]'' is characterized by a deep saddle.<ref name = Metzger>Bruce M. Metzger, ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography'', Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981, p. 66.</ref>▼
 
Bagian-bagian lembaran telah hancur, sehingga ada sejumlah kehilangan teks — sekitar lima atau tujuh huruf pertama dari setiap baris. Selain itu, sejumlah huruf tidak terbaca.
The text of the manuscript has some unusual [[orthography|orthographic]] features, which have been found nowhere else. For example, the letter ''[[upsilon (letter)|upsilon]]'' (Υ) appears at several points in the text, but not connected with it in any way that has yet been understood. (See text transcription below, with lower case ''upsilon'' — υ.)
▲ClassicIstilah ''[[nomina sacra]]'' abbreviationssingkatan wereklasik employeddigunakan byoleh thejuru scribetulis, withdengan thegaris lurus superskrip khas typical(di linearatas superscripthuruf-huruf).<ref>See: {{Cite book | author = [[Bruce M. Metzger]] | title = Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography | url = https://archive.org/details/manuscriptsgreek00bruc | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 1981 | chapter = Plate 8 | page = [https://archive.org/details/manuscriptsgreek00bruc/page/n77 67]}}</ref>
▲TheTeks textditulis isdengan writtentulisan intangan akitab goodyang book-handbagus. ThereAda aretiga threejenis kinds ofhuruf ''[[alpha (letter)|alphaalfa]]'': the older [[Capital letter#History|capitalhuruf besar]], theyang lebih tua, [[uncial]], and thedan [[Lower case|3rd-centuryjenis kursif abad ke-cursive–type3]]. The lettersHuruf ''[[tau]]'' anddan ''[[etaEta (letterhuruf Yunani)|eta]]'' (indalam thekata wordsandang της — Inggris: 'the') havememiliki unusualciri characters,tidak andlazim, weredan writtenditulis withdengan [[Typographic ligature|ligatureligatur]]s. The letterHuruf ''[[Mu (letterhuruf Yunani)|mu]]'' isberciri characterizedkhas by asebuah ''deep saddle''.<ref name = Metzger>Bruce M. Metzger, ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography'', Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981, p. 66.</ref>
 
Teks naskah ini memiliki sejumlah ciri [[ortografi]] tidak lazim, yang tidak dijumpai pada naskah lain manapun. Misalnya, huruf ''[[upsilon]]'' (Υ) muncul pada beberapa titik dalam teks, tetapi tidak dihubungkan dengan cara yang masih belum dapat dipahami. (Lihat transkripsi teks di bawah, dengan huruf kecil ''upsilon'' — υ.)
 
== Teks ==
=== Karakter tekstual Uncial 0212 ===
<!--
 
=== Textual character of 0212 ===
Pada {{Alkitab|Lukas 23:49}} terdapat bacaan unik: "istri-istri mereka yang telah menjadi murid-muridnya".<ref name = Metzger/>
 
InPada Luke 23:49 it contains a unique reading: "the wives of those who had been his disciples".<ref name = Metzger/> In Matthew{{Alkitab|Matius 27:57}}, the cityKota [[ArimatheaArimatea]], normallynormalnya spelleddieja Αριμαθαια (''Arimathaia''), isdi sini spelleddieja Ερινμαθαια (''Erinmathea'').<ref name = Early32>Bruce M. Metzger, ''The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations'', Oxford: [[Clarendon Press]], 1977, p. 32.</ref>▼
 
TheTeks textini twicedua agreeskali withsesuai dengan [[Codex Vaticanus]] anddan [[CopticAlkitab versionsbahasa of the BibleKoptik|BohairicBohairik]] againstdibandingkan everythingsemua elsenaskah lain (inpada linebaris 1.: addedada αι beforesebeluym γυναικης; inpada linebaris 9.: και betweendi antara αγαθος anddan δικαιος istidak omitteddimuat).<ref name = Kraeling36>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n47/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), p. 36</ref>▼
▲In Luke 23:49 it contains a unique reading: "the wives of those who had been his disciples".<ref name = Metzger/> In Matthew 27:57, the city [[Arimathea]], normally spelled Αριμαθαια, is spelled Ερινμαθαια (Erinmathea).<ref name = Early32>Bruce M. Metzger, ''The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations'', Oxford: [[Clarendon Press]], 1977, p. 32.</ref>
 
ThereAda aredua twokesesuaian agreements withdengan [[Codex Bezae]], inpada linebaris 4 it hastermuat ην δε η ημερα παρασκευη forbukannya και ημερα ην παρασκευη [oratau παρασκευς], inpada linebaris 9 και ανηρ istidak omitteddimuat.<ref name = Kraeling36/>▼
▲The text twice agrees with [[Codex Vaticanus]] and [[Coptic versions of the Bible|Bohairic]] against everything else (in line 1. added αι before γυναικης; in line 9. και between αγαθος and δικαιος is omitted).<ref name = Kraeling36>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n47/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), p. 36</ref>
 
TheFragmen fragmentini hasmempunyai twodua agreementskesesuaian withdengan [[Syriac SinaiticSinaiticus]]. FirstPertama, Syriac SinaiticSinaiticus sharesbersesuaian withdengan Codex Bezae theuntuk readingbacaan ην δε η ημερα forbukannya και ημερα ην, anddan secondlykedua, itkota describesArimatea Arimathaeaditulis assebagai "citykota of JudeaYudea" instead ofbukannya "citykota oforang the JewsYahudi".<ref>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n47/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), pp. 36-37</ref> TheBacaan lastterakhir readingini isdidukung supportedoleh byotoritas othernaskah Syriacbahasa Suryani authoritieslainnya, byoleh Old-Latinversi [[Vetus Latina]] [[Codex Veronensis]], [[VulgateVulgata]], anddan theHarmoni Arabicbahasa HarmonyArab, againstdibandingkan theseluruh entiretradisi Greek traditionYunani.<ref>William Lawrence Petersen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=E_NufgoxSasC&pg=PA201&lpg=PA201&dq=D.+Plooij,+%27%27A+Fragment+of+Tatian%27s+Diatessaron+in+Greek%22&source=bl&ots=N72Jg3eWRb&sig=EQdep0j5tSmNI49FcY79RtUyDwY&hl=en&ei=eWnCS4THFtKKOJ7ZhJcE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Tatian's Diatessaron: its creation, dissemination, significance, and history in scholarship''], Brill: Leiden 1994, p. 201</ref> TheFragmen fragmentini doestidak notsesuai agreedengan withbacaan the Syriacbahasa readingSuryani ''Ramtha'' foruntuk ''Arimethaea''.<ref name = Kraeling36/>▼
▲There are two agreements with [[Codex Bezae]], in line 4 it has ην δε η ημερα παρασκευη for και ημερα ην παρασκευη [or παρασκευς], in line 9 και ανηρ is omitted.<ref name = Kraeling36/>
 
Jenis teks naskah ini tidak lagi dapat diklasifikasikan, karena berciri Diatessaron (sebagaimana Papirus 25). Meskipun demikian, [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] menempatkannya dalam [[Kategori Naskah Perjanjian Baru|Kategori III]].<ref name = Aland/>
▲The fragment has two agreements with [[Syriac Sinaitic]]. First Syriac Sinaitic shares with Codex Bezae the reading ην δε η ημερα for και ημερα ην, and secondly it describes Arimathaea as "city of Judea" instead of "city of the Jews".<ref>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n47/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), pp. 36-37</ref> The last reading is supported by other Syriac authorities, by Old-Latin [[Codex Veronensis]], [[Vulgate]], and the Arabic Harmony, against the entire Greek tradition.<ref>William Lawrence Petersen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=E_NufgoxSasC&pg=PA201&lpg=PA201&dq=D.+Plooij,+%27%27A+Fragment+of+Tatian%27s+Diatessaron+in+Greek%22&source=bl&ots=N72Jg3eWRb&sig=EQdep0j5tSmNI49FcY79RtUyDwY&hl=en&ei=eWnCS4THFtKKOJ7ZhJcE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Tatian's Diatessaron: its creation, dissemination, significance, and history in scholarship''], Brill: Leiden 1994, p. 201</ref> The fragment does not agree with the Syriac reading ''Ramtha'' for ''Arimethaea''.<ref name = Kraeling36/>
 
The text-type of this manuscript is no longer classifiable, because of the Diatessaric character of text (likewise Papyrus 25). Even so, [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category III|Category III]].<ref name = Aland/>
-->
=== Rekonstruksi Kraeling ===
 
Baris 137 ⟶ 138:
 
: Teks bahasa Yunani dan rujukan mengikuti Kraeling,<ref>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n51/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), p.39</ref> terjemahan bahasa Inggris menurut C. Badford Welles.<ref name = Welles/>
<!--
=== Rekonstruksi Welles ===▼
 
▲=== Rekonstruksi Welles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! <center> Teks bahasa Yunani </center>
! <center> Terjemahan Inggris </center>
! <center> Terjemahan Indonesia </center>
! Referensi
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| &nbsp;
| ...[the mother of the sons of
| ...[ibu putra-putra
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [Ζεβεδ]αι̣ο̣υ και Σαλωμη κ[α]ι̣ α̣ι γ̣υ̣ν̣αικες
| Zebed]ee and Salome and the wives
| Zebedeus dan Salome dan istri-istri
| Matt.Matius 27:56 / MarkMarkus 15:40 / LukeLukas 23:49b-c
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [των συ]ν̣ακολουθησανων α̣[υτ]ω υ απο της
| [of those who] had followed him from
| [mereka yang] telah mengikuti-Nya dari
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [Γαλιλαι]α̣ς ορωσαι τον στ[αυρωθεντ]α. υυυ ην δε
| [Galile]e to see the crucified. And
| [Galile]a untuk melihat (orang yang) tersalibkan. Dan
| LukeLukas 23:54
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [η ημερ]α Παρασκευη. υ Σαββατον επεφω-
| [the da]y was Preparation: the Sabbath was daw-
| [har]i itu (hari) Persiapan: Sabat sudah menje-
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[σκεν. ο]ψ̣ιας δε γενομενης επι τ̣[η Π]α̣ρ[α]σ-
|[ning]. And when it was evening, on the Prep-
|[lang]. Dan ketika sudah petang, pada (hari) Per-
| Matt.Matius 27:57 / MarkMarkus 15:42
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[κευη], υ ο εστιν Προσαββατον, πρ̣ο̣σ-
|[aration], that is, the day before the Sabbath,
|[siapan], yaitu, hari sebelum Sabat,
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[ηλθην] ανθρωπος βουλευτη̣[ς υ]π̣α̣ρ-
|[there came] up a man, [be]ing a member of the council,
|[datang]lah seorang laki-laki, [yan]g seorang anggota dewan,
| Matt.Matius 27:57 / LukeLukas 23:50
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[χων α]π̣ο Ερινμαθαια[ς] π[ο]λ̣ε̣ω̣ς της
|from Arimathea, a c[i]ty of
|dari Arimatea, sebuah k[o]ta
| [Matt.Matius 27:57] / LukeLukas 23:51
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[Ιουδαι]ας, ονομα Ιω[σεφ], α[γ]αθος̣ δι-
|[Jude]a, by name Jo[seph], g[o]od and ri-
|[Yude]a, bernama Yu[suf], b[a]ik dan sa-
| Matt.Matius 27:57 / LukeLukas 23:50a / LukeLukas 23:50c
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[καιος], ων μαθητης τ[ο]υ̣ Ιη(σου), κ̣ε- υυυυ
|[ghteous], being a disciple of Jesus, but
|[leh], adalah seorang murid Yesus, tetapi
| JohnYohanes 19:38
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[κρυμ]μενος δε δια τ̣ο̣ν̣ φ̣ο̣βον των
|se[cret]ly, for fear of the
|di[am-di]am, karena takut kepada
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[Ιουδαιω]ν, και αυτος προσεδεχτο
|[Jew]s. And he was looking for
|orang-orang [Yahudi]. Dan ia mencari
| Matt.Matius 27:57 / LukeLukas 23:51b
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[την] υ β̣[ασιλειαν] του̣ Θ(εο)υ ο̣υτος ουκ
|[the] k[ingdom] of God. This man [had] not
|K[erajaan] Allah. Orang ini [telah] tidak
| LukeLukas 23:51a
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[ην συνκατατ] ιθεμ̣εν̣[ο]ς̣ τη β̣[ουλη]
|[con]sented to [their] p[urpose]...
|[menye]tujui m[aksud] [mereka]...
|
|}
 
Baris 211 ⟶ 225:
== Nilai penting ==
 
TheLembaran survivinggulungan leafatau ofkodeks theyang scrollterlestarikan orini codexditemukan describedpada here, was found intahun 1933, duringpada excavationswaktu amongekskavasi thedilakukan ruinspada ofreruntuhan [[Dura-Europos]], knownyang todiketahui havedihancurkan been destroyed byoleh [[Shapur I]] King ofRaja Persia inpada tahun 256. ThisIni meansberarti thenaskah manuscripttersebut musttentunya have been writtenditulis ''beforesebelum'' tahun 256 (knowndikenal as asebagai ''[[terminus ad quem]]''; "batas waktu akhir").<ref name = Metzger/> TheJangka timewaktu betweenantara Tatian'spenyusunan originalasli compositionnaskah andTatian thedan productionproduksi ofsalinan thisini copytidak couldmungkin notlebih havelama been longer thandaripada 80 yearstahun (though itmeskipun coulddapat havelebih beenpendek shorterwaktunya).<ref name = Early>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations'', Oxford: [[Clarendon Press]], 1977, pp. 11-12.</ref>
 
Sebelum penemuan ini, salinan-salinan Diatessaron satu-satunya yang dikenal oleh sarjana modern adalah terjemahan ke dalam bahasa-bahasa bukan Yunani — terutama bahasa Latin, Arab, dan Armenia. Fragmen ini berpotensial merupakan bukti yang lebih langsung bahwa Tatian menyusun Diatessaron dengan sangat cermat. "Mungkin ia mengerjakan dari empat naskah terpisah, satu untuk setiap kitab Injil, dan ketika ia menggabungkan frasa-frasa, dari kitab ini dan kitab itu, tentunya ia menyilangkan frasa-frasa yang telah disalinnya dari naskah-naskah sumber."<ref name = Early/>
 
Fragmen ini tidak membantu dalam diskusi asal usul Diatessaron apakah dari bahasa Yunani atau bahasa Suryani. [[Francis Crawford Burkitt|Burkitt]] menunjukkan dua perbedaan antara teks ini dengan teks Lukas 23:51 dan naskah bahasa Suryani kuno kitab-kitab Injil (''kerajaan Sorga'' ] ''kerajaan Allah''), sesuai dengan teks bahasa Yunani yang telah diterima.<ref>F. C. Burkitt, ''The Dura Fragment of Tatian'', JTS 1935 XXXVI, pp. 255-259</ref> Di sisi lain, Baumstark mengidentifikasi beberapa dugaan diksi bercorak bahasa Suryani, sebagaimana ejaan tidak lazim Arimatea, Ερινμαθαια, yang berasal dari bahasa Suryani.<ref name = Early32/>
Before this find, the only copies of the Diatessaron known to modern scholarship were translations into languages other than Greek—notably Latin, Arabic, and Armenian. This fragment is potentially much more direct evidence that Tatian composed his Diatessaron with great diligence. "Probably he worked from four separate manuscripts, one for each of the Gospels, and, as he brought together phrases, now from this Gospel and now that, he would no doubt cross out those phrases in the manuscripts from which he was copying."<ref name = Early/>
 
The fragment does not help in the discussion of a Greek or Syriac origin of the Diatessaron. [[Francis Crawford Burkitt|Burkitt]] pointed two differences between its text of Luke 23:51 and the Old Syriac manuscripts of the Gospels (''the kingdom of Heaven'' ] ''the kingdom of God''), in agreement with the accepted Greek text.<ref>F. C. Burkitt, ''The Dura Fragment of Tatian'', JTS 1935 XXXVI, pp. 255-259</ref> Baumstark, on the other hand, identified several presumed Syriasms in the diction, as well as the unusual spelling of Arimathea, Ερινμαθαια, yang berasal dari bahasa Suryani.<ref name = Early32/>
-->
== Lokasi ==
Dura Parchment 24 saat ini disimpan di [[Universitas Yale]] (P. Dura 24), [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven,]] dengan nomor katalog Dura Parch. 10.<ref name="Aland">{{Cite book|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism|url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt|last=Aland|first=Kurt|last2=Aland|first2=Barbara|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1|location=Grand Rapids|pages=[https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/104 104], 125|author-link=Kurt Aland|author-link2=Barbara Aland}}</ref><ref name="INTF">{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php|title=Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|location=Münster|access-date=22 April 2011}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 243 ⟶ 257:
* Leslie McFall, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725173344/http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TatianArticle.pdf#page=8 ''Tatian's Diatessaron: Mischievous or Misleading?''], JTL, vol. 56 (1994), pp.&nbsp;87–114.
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:UncialDura 0212Parchment 24}}
 
[[Kategori:Karya abad ke-3]]
[[Kategori:Naskah Uncial Perjanjian Baru]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Dura_Parchment_24"