Kukang jawa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name="CITES">{{cite web | title = Appendices I, II and III | publisher = Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) | year = 2010 | url = http://www.cites.org/eng/app/Appendices-E.pdf | format = PDF | access-date = 2015-12-16 | archive-date = 2010-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101224025029/http://cites.org/eng/app/Appendices-E.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
| image = Nycticebus javanicus by OpenCage.jpg
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
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| range_map_caption = Persebaran kukang jawa
}}
'''Kukang jawa''' (''Nycticebus javanicus'')
Populasi kukang jawa mengalami penurunan tajam oleh karena [[perburuan liar|diburu secara liar]] untuk
== Taksonomi dan filogeni ==
Kukang jawa (''Nycticebus javanicus'') pertama kali dideskripsikan secara ilmiah pada tahun 1812, oleh naturalis
Pada pemeriksaan taksonomi kukang tahun 1971-nya, ahli taksonomi dan primata [[Colin Groves]] mengakui kukang jawa sebagai [[upaspesies]], ''Nycticebus coucang javanicus'', dari [[kukang sunda]] (''N. coucang''), dengan ''ornatus'' sebagai [[Sinonim (taksonomi)|sinonim]].{{Sfn|Groves|1971|pp=49–51}} Kukang jawa pertama diakui sebagai spesies yang berbeda lagi di [[panduan lapangan]] Indonesia tahun 2000 pada primata oleh Jatna Supriatna dan Edy Hendras Wahyono.{{Sfn|Supriatna|Wahyono|2000|pp=19–24}} Pada tahun 2008, Groves dan Ibnu Maryanto memberikannya status spesies, berdasarkan analisis [[Morfologi (biologi)|morfologi]] tengkorak dan karakteristik [[rambut hewan]].{{Sfn|Groves|Maryanto|2008|p=120}} Analisis molekuler dari [[sekuens DNA]] dari [[D-loop]] dan gen [[sitokrom b|sitokrom ''b'']] menunjukkan bahwa kukang jawa secara genetik berbeda dari spesies kukang lainnya; secara [[Filogeni|filogenetis]], kukang jawa adalah saudara dari [[klad]] yang mencakup [[kukang benggala]] (''N. bengalensis'') dan kukang sunda.{{Sfn|Chen|Pan|Groves|Wang|2006|pp=1197–1198}} Karena kemiripannya dengan spesies kukang tetangganya, bahkan pusat penyelamatan telah diketahui salah mengidentifikasinya.<ref name=IUCN/>
Baris 49:
Seperti [[loris]] lain, kukang jawa adalah [[nokturnal]] dan arboreal, mengandalkan tanaman merambat dan [[liana]].<ref name=IUCN/> Namun, hewan telah diamati bergerak di tanah untuk menyeberang ruang terbuka di habitat terganggu.{{Sfn|Nekaris|Munds|2010|p=388}} Kukang jawa bergerak melalui [[kanopi (biologi)|kanopi]] di ketinggian antara 3 dan 22 m dan sering dijumpai di ketinggian antara 1,5 dan 9,5 m.<ref name=IUCN/>
Kukang jawa memakan buah, kadal, telur, dan biji cokelat.{{Sfn|Nekaris|Munds|2010|p=388}} Ia juga dikenal untuk memakan [[gum alami|gum]] pohon dari genus ''[[Albizia]]'', dalam famili kacang-kacangan, [[Fabaceae]], serta dari genus palem ''[[Arenga]]'' (famili [[Arecaceae]]).{{Sfn|Nekaris|Starr|Collins|Wilson|2010|p=157}} Kukang jawa terlihat sendiri atau berpasangan dan kadang-kadang ditemukan tidur dalam kelompok. Bukannya tidur di lubang sarang, mereka tidur meringkuk di cabang.{{Sfn|Nekaris|Munds|2010|p=388}} Seperti kukang lainnya, kukang jawa memiliki panggilan khas yang menyerupai peluit frekuensi tinggi.{{Sfn|Nekaris|Blackham|Nijman|2008|p=743}} Spesies ini adalah inang untuk [[cacing pipih]] parasit, ''[[Phaneropsolus oviforme]]''.{{Sfn|Dawes|2011|p=384}}
== Distribusi ==
Spesies ini hanya ditemukan di bagian barat dan tengah dari pulau Jawa di [[Indonesia]].<ref name=IUCN/> Keberadaannya telah dikonfirmasi di [[Pegunungan Dieng]], dan dikenal dapat ditemukan di kepadatan rendah di [[Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango]] (di [[hutan awan]] [[pegunungan]]) dan [[Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak]],
== Konservasi ==
Baris 72 ⟶ 70:
}}
===
{{Refbegin}}
* <!-- Chen|Pan|Groves|Wang|2006 -->{{Cite journal | last1 = Chen | first1 = J. -H.| last2 = Pan | first2 = D.| last3 = Groves | first3 = C. P.| last4 = Wang | first4 = Y. -X.| last5 = Narushima | first5 = E.| last6 = Fitch-Snyder | first6 = H.| last7 = Crow | first7 = P.| last8 = Thanh | first8 = V. N.| last9 = Ryder | first9 = O.| last10 = Zhang | first10 = H. -W.| last11 = Fu | first11 = Y.| last12 = Zhang | first12 = Y.| title = Molecular phylogeny of ''Nycticebus'' inferred from mitochondrial genes | doi = 10.1007/s10764-006-9032-5 | journal = International Journal of Primatology | volume = 27 | issue = 4| pages = 1187–1200 | year = 2006 | pmid = | pmc = | ref = harv}}
* <!-- {{Sfn|Dawes|2011}} -->{{cite book|last = Dawes|first = B.|title = The Trematoda|year = 2011|publisher = Cambridge University Press|location = Cambridge|isbn = 978-0-521-20024-0|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=TuWyDUxtBbMC&pg=PA384|ref = harv}}
* <!--{{Sfn|Gray|1862}} -->{{cite journal | last = Gray | first = V.P. | title = Mr. W. H. Flower on the Javan loris | journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | year = 1862 | volume = 1 | pages = 103–105 | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsofzoo1862zool#page/102/mode/2up | ref = harv | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1862.tb06463.x }}
* <!-- Groves|1971 -->{{cite book|contribution = Systematics of the genus ''Nycticebus''|last1 = Groves|first1 = Colin P.|year = 1971|title = Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Primatology|volume = 1|location = Zürich, Switzerland|pages = 44–53|ref = harv}}
* <!--{{Sfn|Groves|2005}}-->{{cite book|last1 = Groves|first1 = C.P.|year = 2005|url = http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3|publisher = The Johns Hopkins University Press|location = Baltimore, Maryland|isbn = 978-0-8018-8221-0|pages = 111–184|chapter = Order Primates|title = Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|edition = 3rd|editor1-last = Wilson|editor1-first = D.E.|editor2-last = Reeder|editor2-first = D.M|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Groves|Maryanto|2008 -->{{cite book|last1 = Groves|first1 = C.|last2 = Maryanto|first2 = I.|chapter = Craniometry of slow lorises (genus ''Nycticebus'') of insular Southeast Asia|editor1-last = Shekelle|editor1-first = M.|editor2-last = Maryano|editor2-first = T.|editor3-last = Groves|editor3-first = C.|editor4-last = Schulze|editor4-first = H.|editor5-last = Fitch-Snyder|editor5-first = H.|title = Primates of the Oriental Night|publisher = LIPI Press|location = West Java, Indonesia|year = 2008|isbn = 978-979-799-263-7|pages = 115–122|url = http://tarsier.org/products_files/2008-POTON-p115-MaryantoGroves-SlowLorisCraniometry.pdf|format = PDF|archiveurl =
* <!-- Lesson|1840 -->{{cite book|last = Lesson|first = René Primevère|year = 1840|title = Species des Mammifères Bimanes et Quadrumanes: Suivi d'un Mémoire sur les Oryctéropes|location = Paris, France|publisher = J.B. Baillière|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=FJo-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA240|language = French|ref = harv}}
* <!-- McGreal|2007 -->{{cite journal | last = McGreal | first = S. | title = Slow lorises receive international trade protections | journal = IPPL News | volume = 34 | number = 2 | year = 2007 | publisher = International Primate Protection League | issn = 1040-3027 | pages = 15 | url = http://www.ippl.org/newsletter/2000s/102_v34_n2_2007-09.pdf#page=15 | format = PDF | ref = harv }}
* <!-- Nekaris|Jaffe|2007 -->{{cite journal | title = Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (''Nycticebus'' spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy | journal = Contributions to Zoology | year = 2007 | last1 = Nekaris | first1 = K.A.I. | last2 = Jaffe | first2 = S. | volume = 76 | issue = 3 | pages = 187–196 | url = http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=7603a04 | format = PDF | ref = harv | access-date = 2015-12-16 | archive-date = 2011-05-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110522013945/http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=7603a04 | dead-url = yes }}
* <!-- Nekaris|Blackham|Nijman|2008 -->{{Cite journal | last1 = Nekaris | first1 = K. A. I. | last2 = Blackham | first2 = G. V. | last3 = Nijman | first3 = V. | title = Conservation implications of low encounter rates of five nocturnal primate species (''Nycticebus'' spp.) in Asia | doi = 10.1007/s10531-007-9308-x | journal = Biodiversity and Conservation | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 733–747 | year = 2008 | pmid = | pmc = | url = http://www.researchgate.net/publication/226794174_Conservation_implications_of_low_encounter_rates_of_five_nocturnal_primate_species_%28Nycticebus_spp.%29_in_Asia | ref = harv }}
* <!-- Nekaris|Sanchez|Thorn|Winarti|2009 -->{{cite book|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = K.A.I.|last2 = Sanchez|first2 = K.L.|last3 = Thorn|first3 = J.S.|last4 = Winarti|first4 = I.|last5 = Nijman|first5 = V.|contribution = Javan Slow Loris|editor1-last = Mittermeier|editor1-first = R.A.|editor2-last = Wallis|editor2-first = J.|editor3-last = Rylands|editor3-first = A.B.|editor4-last = Ganzhorn|editor4-first = J.U.|editor5-last = Oates|editor5-first = J.F.|editor6-last = Williamson|editor6-first = E.A.|editor7-last = Palacios|editor7-first = E.|editor8-last = Heymann|editor8-first = E.W.|editor9-last = Kierulff|editor9-first = M.C.M.|editor10-last = Long Yongcheng|editor11-last = Supriatna|editor11-first = J.|editor12-last = Roos|editor12-first = C.|editor13-last = Walker|editor13-first = S.|editor14-last = Cortés-Ortiz|editor14-first = L.|editor15-last = Schwitzer|editor15-first = C.|others = Illustrated by S.D. Nash|editor-link = Russell Mittermeier|year = 2009|title = Primates in peril: The world's 25 most endangered primates 2008–2010|publisher = IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI)|location = Arlington, VA.|pages = 44–46|isbn = 978-1-934151-34-1|url = http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/Primates.in.Peril.2008-2010.pdf|format = PDF|archiveurl =
* <!-- Nekaris|Munds|2010 -->{{Cite book|editor1-last = Gursky-Doyen|editor1-first = S.|editor2-last = Supriatna|editor2-first = J|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = K.A.I.|last2 = Munds|first2 = R.|title = Indonesian Primates|url = https://archive.org/details/indonesianprimat00gurs_095|chapter = Chapter 22: Using facial markings to unmask diversity: the slow lorises (Primates: Lorisidae: ''Nycticebus'' spp.) of Indonesia|doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3_22|pages =
* <!-- Nekaris|Shepherd|Starr|Nijman|2010 -->{{Cite journal | last1 = Nekaris | first1 = K. A. I. | last2 = Shepherd | first2 = C. R. | last3 = Starr | first3 = C. R. | last4 = Nijman | first4 = V. | title = Exploring cultural drivers for wildlife trade via an ethnoprimatological approach: a case study of slender and slow lorises (''Loris'' and ''Nycticebus'') in South and Southeast Asia | doi = 10.1002/ajp.20842 | journal = American Journal of Primatology | volume = 72 | issue = 10 | pages = 877–886| year = 2010 | pmid = 20806336| pmc = | ref = harv}}
* <!-- Nekaris|Star|Collins|Wilson|2010 -->{{Cite book|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = K. A. I.|last2 = Starr|first2 = C. R.|last3 = Collins|first3 = R. L.|last4 = Wilson|first4 = A.|chapter = Comparative ecology of exudate feeding by lorises (''Nycticebus'', ''Loris'') and pottos (''Perodicticus'', ''Arctocebus'')|editor1-last = Burrows|editor1-first = A. M.|editor2-last = Nash|editor2-first = L. T|title = Evolution of Exudativory in Primates|doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2_8|pages = 155–168|year = 2010|pmid =|pmc =|publisher = Springer|location = New York|isbn = 978-1-4419-6660-5|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Saint-Hilaire|1812 -->{{cite journal | last1 = Saint-Hilaire | first1 = Étienne Geoffroy | journal = Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle | year = 1812 | title = Suite au Tableau des Quadrummanes. Seconde Famille. Lemuriens. Strepsirrhini | volume = 19 | pages = 156–170 | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/annalesdumusum19mus#page/164/mode/2up | language = French | ref = harv }}
* <!-- Supriatna|Wahyono|2000 -->{{cite book|last1 = Supriatna|first1 = J.|last2 = Wahyono|first2 = E.H.|title = Panduan Lapangan Primata Indonesia
* <!-- {{Sfn|Thomas|1921}} -->{{cite journal | last1 = Thomas | first1 = O. | year = 1921 | title = Two new species of slow-loris | journal = Annals and Magazine of Natural History | series = 9 | volume = 8 | pages = 627–628 | url = http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19333002 | ref = harv | doi = 10.1080/00222932108632631 }}
* <!-- Thorn|Nijman|Smith|Nekaris|2009 -->{{Cite journal | last1 = Thorn | first1 = J.S. | last2 = Nijman | first2 = V. | last3 = Smith | first3 = D. | last4 = Nekaris | first4 = K.A.I. | title = Ecological niche modelling as a technique for assessing threats and setting conservation priorities for Asian slow lorises (Primates:''Nycticebus'') | doi = 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00535.x | journal = Diversity and Distributions | volume = 15 | pages = 289–298| year = 2009 | pmid = | pmc = | ref = harv}}
{{Refend}}
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{{Subject bar | portal1 = Indonesia | commons = y | commons-search = Category:Nycticebus javanicus | species = y | species-search = Nycticebus javanicus}}
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