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{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group=Fula {{br}}(Fulani atau Fulɓe)
|image=[[Berkas:East - Fulbe.jpg|225px]] {{br}}Wanita Fula di [[Provinsi Timur, Kamerun|Provinsi Timur]] [[Kamerun]]
| population = {{circa}} 25 juta jiwa<ref name=Crowe/><ref name="Danver2015p31"/>
| popplace = [[Afrika Barat]] dan [[Afrika bagian tengah|Afrika Tengah]]
| region1 = {{flag|Nigeria}}
| pop1 = 15.400.000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fuv|title=Ethnologue, Languages of the world, Fulfulde, Nigerian spoken (2015)|language=en|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2018-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927204509/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fuv|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/nigeria.htm|title=Démolinguistiques du Nigeria, Peuls/Fulani, 0% (2017)|language=fr|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2018-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922022613/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/nigeria.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| region2 = {{flag|Guinea}}
|related=[[Wolof]] dan [[Serer]]▼
| pop2 = 5.070.160<ref name="CIA Guinea">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gv.html|title=The World Factbook (Guinea)|publisher=CIA|language=en|date=|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2015-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919074825/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//geos/gv.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region3 = {{flag|Senegal}}
| pop3 = 3.182.300<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/senegal.htm |title=Ethnic groups of Senegal |publisher=Université Laval,QC, Canada |language=fr |date= |access-date=30 Agustus 2020 |archive-date=2016-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429071300/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/senegal.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| region4 = {{flag|Mali}}
| pop4 = 2.870.000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html|title=The World Factbook (Mali)|publisher=CIA|language=en|date=|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2015-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110042640/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region5 = {{flag|Kamerun}}
| pop5 = 2.344.000<ref name="Kays2011">{{cite book|first=Stanley J. |last=Kays |title=Cultivated Vegetables of the World: A Multilingual Onomasticon |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2011 |page=747 |isbn=978-9086867202}}</ref>
| region6 = {{flag|Niger}}
| pop6 = 2.046.330<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html|title=The World Factbook (Niger)|publisher=CIA|language=en|date=|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2020-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424124158/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region7 = {{flag|Burkina Faso}}
| pop7 = 1.920.050<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uv.html|title=The World Factbook (Burkina Faso)|publisher=CIA|language=en|date=|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2019-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906203318/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uv.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region8 = {{flag|Mauritania}}
| pop8 = 916.113<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bibliomonde.com/donnee/mauritanie-population-393.html|title=La population de la Mauritanie, Haalpulaar'en : Les Tukulors (16,5%) + Les Peuls/Fulbe (4,8%). Total Fula proportion: 21,3%|language=fr|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2018-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080437/http://www.bibliomonde.com/donnee/mauritanie-population-393.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region10 = {{flag|Benin}}
| pop10 = 750.000<ref name="Kays2011"/>
| region11 = {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
| pop11 = 410.560<ref name =Censo2009>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/caracteristicas_socio_cultural.pdf|title=Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação 2009 Características Socioculturais|language=pt|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|website=Instituto Nacional de Estatística Guiné-Bissau|df=dmy|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105140643/http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/caracteristicas_socio_cultural.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region12 = {{flag|Gambia}}
| pop12 = 420.206<ref name="2013Census">{{cite web |url=https://www.gbos.gov.gm/uploads/census/2013/Spatial-distribution-report_%20Final.pdf |title=2013 Population and Housing Census: Spatial Distribution |publisher=The Republic of The Gambia |last=National Population Commission Secretariat |langugae=en|date=April 30, 2005 |website=Gambia Bureau of Statistics |language=en|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103134831/https://www.gbos.gov.gm/uploads/census/2013/Spatial-distribution-report_%20Final.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region13 = {{flag|Pantai Gading}}
| pop13 = 479.000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/cotiv.htm|title=Les langues et ethnies du Côté d'ivoire, Peuls/Fulani, 2,0% (2017)|language=fr|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2022-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325235852/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/cotiv.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| region14 = {{flag|Chad}}
| pop14 = 352.580<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paystoumai.over-blog.com/pages/Demographie_du_Tchad-739056.html|title=Répartition de la population par lieu de résidence selon le groupe ethnique. Les Peul 2,4%. 1993 Population and Housing Census|language=fr|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331112335/http://paystoumai.over-blog.com/pages/Demographie_du_Tchad-739056.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cblt.org/fr/node/122|title=Répartition de la population par milieu de résidence selon le groupe ethnique, BCR, Ministère du plan et de la coopération, RGPH/93 Les Peuls (Fulanis) 2,44%|language=en|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2018-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930154634/http://www.cblt.org/fr/node/122|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region15 = {{flag|Afrika Tengah}}
| pop15 = 287.187<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.petitfute.com/p111-republique-centrafricaine/guide-touristique/c46371-population-et-langues.html|title=République Centrafricaine: Population et langues, Peuhl-Mbororo (5%)|language=fr|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318210915/https://www.petitfute.com/p111-republique-centrafricaine/guide-touristique/c46371-population-et-langues.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| region16 = {{flag|Sierra Leone}}
| pop16 = 266.581<ref name =Census2015>{{cite web|url=https://sierraleone.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/National%20Analytical%20Report.pdf|title=Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report|language=en|accessdate=30 Agustus 2020|website=Statistics Sierra Leone|df=dmy|archive-date=2019-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307174308/https://sierraleone.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/National%20Analytical%20Report.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| region17 = {{flag|Sudan}}
| pop17 = 211.000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU|title=Fulani Sudanese, 211K|language=en|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2022-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412003039/https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11774/SU|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/soudan.htm|title=Données démolinguistiques Soudanais (2011), Foulani Soudanais, 0,5%|language=fr|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2022-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322113145/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/soudan.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| region18 = {{flag|Togo}}
| pop18 = 111.000<ref>{{Cite web|url =https://joshuaproject.net/countries/TO|title =Joshua Project - 111.000 Fulfulde Borgu speakers in Togo|language =en|access-date =30 Agustus 2020|archive-date =2022-01-11|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092957/https://joshuaproject.net/countries/TO|dead-url =no}}</ref>
| langs = [[Bahasa Fula|Fula]] • [[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]] • [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] • [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]
| rels = '''Mayoritas'''<br />(+90%) [[Islam]]<ref name="Agama" /><br />'''Minoritas'''<br /> [[Agama tradisional Afrika]]/lainnya<ref name="Agama" />
▲| related = [[Wolof]] dan [[Serer]]
}}
Suku '''Fula''' atau '''Fulani''' atau '''Fulɓe''' ([[bahasa Fula]]: ''Fulɓe''; {{lang-fr|Peul|links=no}}; [[bahasa Hausa]]: ''Fulani or Hilani''; {{lang-pt|Fula|links=no}}; {{lang-wo|''Pël''}}; [[bahasa Bambara]]: ''Fulaw'') adalah salah satu suku bangsa terbesar yang tersebar luas melintasi [[Sahel]], mulai dari pantai [[Samudera Atlantik|Atlantik]] hingga ke [[Laut Merah]], khususnya di [[Afrika Barat]].<ref name="Juang2008p492"/>
'''Fula''' atau '''Fulani''' atau '''Fulbe''' adalah kelompok etnis yang tersebar di banyak negara di [[Afrika Barat]], [[Afrika Tengah]], sampai [[Afrika Timur]]. Mereka berada di [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]], [[Gambia]], [[Mali]], [[Nigeria]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Guinea Bissau]], [[Kamerun]], [[Pantai Gading]], [[Niger]], [[Togo]], [[Republik Afrika Tengah]], [[Ghana]], [[Liberia]], dan sampai [[Sudan]] di timur. Kecuali di Guinea, Fula merupakan minoritas di setiap negara yang mereka huni.▼
Mendiami banyak negara, suku ini tersebar terutama di Afrika Barat dan bagian utara [[Afrika bagian tengah|Afrika Tengah]], juga di [[Sudan Selatan]], [[Sudan]], dan pesisir timur [[Laut Merah]]. Perkiraan jumlah suku Fula tidak diketahui pasti, karena definisi yang saling bentrok mengenai etnis Fula; berbagai perkiraan menyebutkan angkanya antara 35<ref name=Crowe>{{cite book|author=Felicity Crowe|title=Modern Muslim Societies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4Eye4ilLVkC&pg=PA262|year=2010|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7927-7|page=262}}</ref><ref name="Danver2015p31">{{cite book|author=Steven L. Danver|title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-46400-6|pages=31–32}}</ref> hingga 45 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://homepage.univie.ac.at/martina.gajdos/Fulbe.html|title=Fulbe|website=homepage.univie.ac.at|language=de|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2021-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124020817/https://homepage.univie.ac.at/martina.gajdos/Fulbe.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kecuali di [[Guinea]],<ref name="CIA Guinea" /> Fula merupakan etnis minoritas di setiap negara yang mereka huni.
== Distribusi geografis ==
[[File:A distribution map of Fula people in Africa.jpg|thumb|Peta sebaran suku Fula. Hijau tua: kelompok etnis utama; Sedang: signifikan; Ringan: minoritas.<ref name="Juang2008p492">{{cite book|author=Richard M. Juang|title=Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFrAOqfhuGYC&pg=PA492|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-441-7|page=492}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html Mali: People & Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110042640/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html |date=2015-11-10 }}, [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uv.html Burkina Faso: People & Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906203318/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uv.html |date=2019-09-06 }}, [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gv.html Guinea: People & Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919074825/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//geos/gv.html |date=2015-09-19 }}, [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html Senegal: People & Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831041253/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html |date=2020-08-31 }}, [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html Niger: People & Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424124158/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html |date=2020-04-24 }}, CIA Factbook (2015)</ref>]] Kecuali Guinea, yang di mana Fula merupakan kelompok etnis terbesar,<ref>{{CIA World Factbook link|gv|Guinea}}</ref> Fula di Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, dan Niger, adalah kelompok etnis yang signifikan, dan Fula menjadi minoritas di setiap negara lain yang mereka huni.
▲
Sebagian besar dari suku Fula — sepertiga, atau diperkirakan 12 sampai 13 juta<ref name="levinsonfula">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcDMrQEACAAJ|title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East, Volume 9|author=David Levinson|publisher=Gale Group|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8161-1808-3|chapter=Fulani}}</ref> — adalah [[Pastoralisme|pastoralis]], dan kelompok etnis mereka memiliki komunitas penggembala [[nomaden]] terbesar di dunia.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Africa">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC|title=Encyclopedia of Africa|author1=Anthony Appiah|author2=Henry Louis Gates|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|page=495|access-date=2020-08-30|archive-date=2023-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111210158/https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=levinsonladdi>{{cite book|author=David Levinson|title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East, Volume 9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcDMrQEACAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Gale Group|isbn=978-0-8161-1808-3|chapter=Fulani}}</ref>{{efn|Fulani membentuk kelompok nomaden pastoral terbesar di dunia. Subsuku Bororo'en terkenal karena jumlah kawanan sapinya. Selain kelompok nomaden penuh, ada juga Fulani semi[[Sedentisme|sedentari]] — Fulɓe Laddi — yang juga bertani, meski mereka berdalih bahwa mereka melakukannya karena kebutuhan, bukan karena pilihan.}}
[[File:Eleveurs Peuls.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Penggembala Fulani]] di wilayah gersang [[Gao, Mali|Gao]], [[Mali|Mali Utara]]]]
Sebagai kelompok etnis, mereka terikat oleh [[bahasa Fula]], baik sejarah<ref name="Juang2008p4922">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFrAOqfhuGYC&pg=PA492|title=Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History|author=Richard M. Juang|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85109-441-7|page=492|access-date=2020-08-30|archive-date=2023-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720102130/https://books.google.com/books?id=wFrAOqfhuGYC&pg=PA492|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Ndukwe1996p92">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnwGNU6uoBQC|title=Fulani|author=Pat Ikechukwu Ndukwe|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8239-1982-6|pages=9–17}}</ref><ref name="Group2013852">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISAuAgAAQBAJ|title=Encyclopedia of African Peoples|author=D Group|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-135-96334-7|pages=85–88}}</ref> maupun budaya mereka. Lebih dari 90% Fula adalah [[muslim]].<ref name="Agama">{{Cite web|url=https://www.everyculture.com/Africa-Middle-East/Fulani-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html|title=Religion and expressive culture - Fulani|website=www.everyculture.com|language=en|access-date=30 Agustus 2020|archive-date=2021-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915203718/https://www.everyculture.com/Africa-Middle-East/Fulani-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{
== Catatan kaki ==
{{notelist}}
== Pranala luar ==
*[http://www.ethnomusicologie.fr/wodaabe-loncke/index.html Geerewol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208000549/https://ethnomusicologie.fr/wodaabe-loncke/index.html |date=2023-02-08 }}, oleh Sandrine Loncke (Situs web tentang perayaan ritual Woɗaaɓe, dengan rekaman musik beranotasi dan video pendek yang menampilkan rangkaian tarian dan ritualnya. Tambahan untuk [http://www.lcdpu.fr/livre/?GCOI=27000100070850 buku dari pengarang yang sama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131092616/https://www.lcdpu.fr/livre/?GCOI=27000100070850 |date=2023-01-31 }})
*Arsip musik online yang didedikasikan untuk [http://archives.crem-cnrs.fr/archives/corpus/CNRSMH_Loncke_001/ Fulɓe Jelgooɓe (Burkina Faso)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131092555/https://archives.crem-cnrs.fr/archives/corpus/CNRSMH_Loncke_001/ |date=2023-01-31 }} dan musik juga lagu [http://archives.crem-cnrs.fr/archives/corpus/CNRSMH_Loncke_002/ Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe (Niger)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131092555/https://archives.crem-cnrs.fr/archives/corpus/CNRSMH_Loncke_002/ |date=2023-01-31 }} (Telemeta, CREM-CNRS)
{{Suku-stub}}
[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di
[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Benin]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Gambia]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Guinea-Bissau]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Mali]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Mauritania]]
[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Nigeria]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Senegal]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Sierra Leone]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Sudan]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Sudan Selatan]]
[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Togo]]
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