Honghuzi: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20240509)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
||
| (Satu revisi perantara oleh satu pengguna lainnya tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
[[Berkas:Chinese Mounted Bandits during the Battle of Mukden.jpg|ka|jmpl|300px|Honghuzi selama [[Pertempuran Mukden]]]]
'''Honghuzi''' ({{zh|c=[[wikt:红|红]][[wikt:胡|胡]][[wikt:子|子]]|l=Janggut Merah}}) adalah perampok [[Tionghoa]] yang pernah beroperasi di wilayah perbatasan timur [[Tiongkok]]-[[Rusia]], tepatnya di perbatasan antara wilayah [[Timur Jauh Rusia]] dengan [[Manchuria]]. Honghuzi menyerang para pemukim Rusia di wilayah Timur Jauh pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20. Menjelang akhir abad ke-19, honghuzi juga mengganggu upaya Rusia untuk membangun [[jalur kereta api Manchuria]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofboxerwa0000xian |last=Xiang |first=Lanxin |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-7007-1563-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofboxerwa0000xian/page/156 156]}}</ref> Honghuzi turut serta dalam [[Pemberontakan Boxer]] melawan [[Aliansi Delapan Negara]], dan setelah terjadinya [[invasi Rusia ke Manchuria]] mereka melancarkan gerilya melawan pendudukan Rusia.
Kebanyakan anggota honghuzi berasal dari wilayah [[Tiongkok sebenarnya]].<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Taylor & Francis| editor= |year=2007|isbn=0-7146-5721-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOdBI8vcNfQC&pg=PA53&dq=hunghutze+russians&hl=en&ei=jaQ8TpbjMtO20AHkxrniAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=hunghutze%20russians&f=false|volume=|accessdate=18 March 2012|authors=Felix Patrikeeff, Harold Shukman|location=|title=Railways and the Russo-Japanese War: transporting war|edition=|quote=Another hazard faced by the Russian soldiers when they reached Manchuria was that of the Hunghutze, nomadic bandits, many of whom had migrated to Manchuria from China proper, but had done so as outlaws and criminals.|page=53}}</ref> Banyak di antara mereka yang sebelumnya merupakan seorang tentara atau pengangguran.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Kessinger Publishing|editor= |year=2005|isbn=1-4179-1071-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vapIWYdTmVAC&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false|volume=|accessdate=18 March 2012|authors=Ferdinand Ossendowski, Lewis Stanton Palen|location=|title=Man and Mystery in Asia|edition=reprint|quote=though the tiger men are for the most part themselves Chinese. They are separate, well-organized gangs of hunghutzes recruited from among the millions of the constantly hungry sons of the State of Heaven, the coolies out of work or the deserters from the undisciplined Chinese army.|page=156}}</ref>
Baris 6:
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{sejarah-stub}}▼
[[Kategori:Sejarah Tiongkok]]
▲{{sejarah-stub}}
| |||