Pemberontakan Tuareg (2012): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 8:
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*Presiden Mali Amadou Toumani Touré [[Kudeta Mali 2012|dikudeta]]<ref name=guardian1>{{cite news|title=Mali rebels claim to have ousted regime in coup|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/22/mali-rebels-coup|work=The Guardian |date=22 March 2012|location=London|first=Afua|last=Hirsch}}</ref>
*MNLA dan Ansar Dine menguasai seluruh Mali Utara<ref>
*Negara [[Azawad]] dideklarasikan oleh [[Pergerakan Nasional Pembebasan Azawad]] (MNLA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/04/20124644412359539.html|title=Tuaregs claim 'independence' from Mali|date=6 April 2012|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref>
*Konflik antara MNLA dengan Ansar Dine (yang didukung oleh [[Al-Qaeda]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9365390/Trouble-in-Timbuktu-as-Islamists-extend-control.html|title=Trouble in Timbuktu as Islamists extend control|last=Zoe Flood|date=29 Jun 2012|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|quote=Ansar Dine ordered the Tuareg MNLA group to leave the historical city of Timbuktu ... backed by al-Qaeda’s north African branch|accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> dan [[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa|MOJWA]]).
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mali}}<br>''Didukung oleh:''<br>[[Berkas:ECOWAS Flag.png|22px|tepi]] [[ECOWAS]]<br>{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}<ref name="news24">{{cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Malian-forces-battle-Tuareg-rebels-20120304|title=Malian forces battle Tuareg rebels|agency=South African Press Association|publisher=News24|date=4 March 2012|accessdate=22 March 2012|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109231849/http://www.news24.com/africa/news/malian-forces-battle-tuareg-rebels-20120304|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htlog/articles/20120308.aspx|title=Logistics: American Robots Sustain The Siege of Tessalit|publisher=Strategypage.com|date=8 March 2012|accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/07/mali-junta-step-down-rebels?newsfeed=true|title=Mali junta quits as regional troops prepare to target Tuareg rebels|work=The Observer|date=7 April 2012|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref><br>
|combatant2 = {{flagicon image|MNLA flag.svg}} [[Pergerakan Nasional Pembebasan Azawad|MNLA]]
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Ansar Dine]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Gunfire+breaks+Tuareg+rebels+enter+northern+Mali+city/6391463/story.html|agency=Montreal Gazette|title=Gunfire breaks out as Tuareg rebels enter northern Mali city|date=31 March 2012|accessdate=1 April 2012}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br>[[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa|MUJAO]]<ref name="mojwa">{{cite web|url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=51578|title=Tuareg-jihadists alliance: Qaeda conquers more than half of Mali|author=Couamba Sylla|date=4 April 2012|publisher=middle-east-online.com|accessdate=6 April 2012|archive-date=2013-07-22|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IIzCv6HI?url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=51578|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>[[Boko Haram]]<ref name="bokomali">{{cite news|title=Traore readies to take over in Mali|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Traore-readies-to-take-over-in-Mali-20120411|publisher=[[News24]]|date=12-04-2012|accessdate=12-04-2012|archive-date=2018-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717071253/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Traore-readies-to-take-over-in-Mali-20120411|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|combatant3 = [[Front Pembebasan Nasional Azawad|FLNA]]<ref name="FLNA">{{cite web|author=Par Europe1.fr avec AFP|url=http://www.europe1.fr/International/Mali-nouveau-groupe-arme-cree-dans-le-Nord-1027345/|title=Mali: nouveau groupe armé créé dans le Nord – Europe1.fr – International|publisher=Europe1.fr|accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=New north Mali Arab force seeks to "defend" Timbuktu|first1=Bate|last1=Felix|first2=Adama|last2=Diarra|work=Reuters|date=10 April 2012|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE83901120120410|accessdate=2012-05-12|archive-date=2012-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725194722/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE83901120120410|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|commander1 = {{flagicon|Mali}} [[Amadou Toumani Touré]] <small>(hingga Maret)</small><br>{{flagicon|Mali}} [[Sadio Gassama]] <small> (hingga Maret)</small><br>{{flagicon|Mali}} [[El Haji Ag Gamou]] <small> (uhingga Maret)</small><br>{{flagicon|Mali}} [[Amadou Sanogo]] <small>(semenjak Maret 2012)</small>
|commander2 = {{flagicon|Azawad}} [[Mahmoud Ag Aghaly]]<br>{{flagicon|Azawad}} [[Bilal Ag Acherif]]<br>{{flagicon|Azawad}} [[Moussa Ag Acharatoumane]]<br>{{flagicon|Azawad}} [[Ag Mohamed Najem]]<ref>{{cite web|author=MISNA|url=http://www.eurasiareview.com/20012012-mali-fighting-in-north-the-new-touareg-war/|title=Mali: Fighting In North; The New Touareg War|publisher=Eurasiareview.com|date=20 January 2012|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref>
Baris 22:
|commander3 = [[Mohamed Lamine Ould Sidatt]]<br>[[Housseine Khoulam]]<ref name="FLNA"/>
|strength1 = 7.000–7.800 tentara<br>4.800 paramiliter<br>3.000 milisi
|strength2 = MNLA: 3.000<ref name="detials">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/03/20123208133276463.html|title=Mali's Tuareg rebellion: What next?|author=Jeremy Keenan|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=20 March 2012|accessdate=23 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="dailystar.com.lb">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/International/2012/Apr-02/168928-al-qaeda-unlikely-to-profit-from-mali-rebellion-experts.ashx#axzz1quEeCoBI|title=Al-Qaeda unlikely to profit from Mali rebellion: experts|author=Sofia Bouderbala|date=2 April 2012|work=The Daily Star|accessdate=3 April 2012|archive-date=2012-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402204323/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/International/2012/Apr-02/168928-al-qaeda-unlikely-to-profit-from-mali-rebellion-experts.ashx#axzz1quEeCoBI|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
----
Ansar Dine: ~300<ref name="dailystar.com.lb"/><br>
Baris 28:
|strength3 = ~500<ref name="FLNA"/>
|casualties1 = Setidaknya 160<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/making-sense-of-mali-1.423899 Making sense of Mali]</ref> tewas (menurut Mali)<br>1.000–1.500+ tewas atau ditangkap<ref name="detials"/>
|casualties2 = 65 tewas (menurut Mali)<ref>{{cite news|author=10:59 pm GMT 19 Jan 2012|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9026722/Fierce-clashes-between-Malian-army-and-Tuareg-rebels-kill-47.html|title=Fierce clashes between Malian army and Tuareg rebels kill 47|publisher=Telegraph|date=19 January 2012|accessdate=7 March 2012|location=London}}</ref><ref name=Reut73>{{cite news|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/maliNews/idAFL5E8D407420120205|title=Mali says 20 rebels killed, thousands flee|publisher=Af.reuters.com|date=5 February 2012|accessdate=7 March 2012|archive-date=2012-11-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6CO8l5DrN?url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/05/mali-rebels-attack-idAFL5E8D407420120205|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|notes = ~100.000 mengungsi ke luar negeri<ref name="bbcposttim">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17596831|title=BBC News – Mali: Timbuktu heritage may be threatened, Unesco says|publisher=BBC|date=3 April 2012|accessdate=4 April 2012}}</ref><br/>100.000+ terlantar di dalam negeri<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/tuareg-rebels-take-mali-garrison-town-say-sources/|title=Tuareg rebels take Mali garrison town, say sources|publisher=Trust.org|date=11 March 2012|accessdate=11 March 2012|archive-date=2012-11-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6COegnEDL?url=http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/tuareg-rebels-take-mali-garrison-town-say-sources/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>Total: ~250.000<ref>{{Citation|first=Nick|last=Meo|title=Triumphant Tuareg rebels fall out over al-Qaeda's jihad in Mali|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=7 April 2012|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9191760/Triumphant-Tuareg-rebels-fall-out-over-al-Qaedas-jihad-in-Mali.html}}</ref>
}}
'''Pemberontakan Tuareg 2012''' adalah pemberontakan yang dilancarkan oleh [[Pergerakan Nasional Pembebasan Azawad]] (MNLA) terhadap pemerintah Mali di wilayah [[Azawad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/mar/23/coup-mali-dictatorship-tuareg |title=Coup threatens to plunge Mali back into the darkness of dictatorship |author=Andy Morgan |date=23 March 2012 |work=The Guardian |accessdate=5 April 2012}}</ref> MNLA dibentuk oleh mantan pemberontak dan pejuang Tuareg yang baru saja [[perang saudara Libya|kembali dari Libya]].<ref name="apress">{{cite web |author=Andy Morgan |
Pada tanggal 22 Maret, tepat satu bulan sebelum [[pemilihan umum presiden Malta 2012|pemilihan umum]], Presiden [[Amadou Toumani Touré]] [[kudeta Mali 2012|dikudeta]] oleh [[Komisi Nasional untuk Restorasi Demokrasi dan Negara]] yang dibentuk oleh tentara Mali yang membangkang karena dianggap tak mampu memadamkan pemberontakan.<ref name="aljazeera1">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/03/201232251320110970.html |title=Mali soldiers say president toppled in coup – Africa |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=4 October 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Kudeta tersebut mengakibatkan kekacauan sehingga tiga kota terbesar Mali di utara - [[Kidal]], [[Gao]], dan [[Timbuktu]] - jatuh ke tangan pemberontak dalam tiga hari berturut-turut.<ref name="boston">{{cite news|url=http://articles.boston.com/2012-04-02/news/31276132_1_rebel-advance-tuareg-rebels-timbuktu|title=Islamist group plants flag in Mali’s Timbuktu|author=Baba Ahmed and Rukmini Callimachi|date=2 April 2012|agency=Associated Press|work= The Boston Globe|accessdate=3 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="gaocontrol">{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5grilySJ5EdrgURoNp1mt3AIJhTgg?docId=CNG.915a5505555757d7df5029b5b99451cc.261|title=Mali junta denounces 'rights violations' by rebels|author=Serge Daniel|agency=''Agence France-Presse''|date=4 April 2012|publisher=Google|accessdate=6 April 2012|archiveurl=
Kelompok Islamis [[Ansar Dine]] juga ikut serta dalam pemberontakan dan mengklaim kekuasaan atas beberapa wilayah, yang tidak disetujui oleh MNLA. Kelompok ini memberontak bukan untuk kemerdekaan, namun untuk penerapan hukum [[syariah]] di seluruh Mali.<ref name="bbcposttim"/>
Setelah pertempuran melawan tentara Mali berakhir, terjadi konflik antara nasionalis dan Islamis Tuareg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18610618 |title=Mali: Islamists seize Gao from Tuareg rebels |date=27 June 2012 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=27 June 2012}}</ref> Pada 27 Juni, Islamis dari [[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa]] (MOJWA) menyerang MNLA dalam [[Pertempuran Gao]], yang mengakibatkan terlukanya sekretaris-jenderal MNLA [[Bilal Ag Acherif]] dan jatuhnya Gao ke tangan mereka.<ref name="Serge Daniel">{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hBFw8aQMUwyILkE0faoge_v3a2Tw?docId=CNG.5a399b35f2fd7797cbca9a2f17c8ca72.5a1|title=Islamists seize north Mali town, at least 21 dead in clashes|author=Serge Daniel|date=27 June 2012|agency=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Google News|accessdate=27 June 2012|archiveurl=
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 49:
[[Kategori:Mali dalam tahun 2012]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2012]]
[[Kategori:Pemberontakan Tuareg]]
[[Kategori:Perang yang melibatkan Mali]]
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