Insiden Makau (1799): Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k rv Tag: Pengembalian |
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Insiden Makau
|partof=[[Perang Revolusi
|image= Situationskärtchen von Kanton, Makao, Hongkong.jpg
|image_size= 300px
Baris 9:
|result=Tidak jelas
|combatant1={{flagcountry|Kerajaan Britania Raya}}
|combatant2={{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Pencerahan di Spanyol|Spanyol]]<br/>{{flagicon|
|commander1=Kapten [[William Hargood]]
|commander2=Laksamana Muda [[Ignacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete|Ignacio Maria de Álava]]
Baris 16:
|casualties1=Nihil
|casualties2=Nihil
}}{{Kotak kampanye teater Hindia Timur Perang Revolusi
'''Insiden Makau''' adalah suatu pertempuran yang berakhir dengan ketidakjelasan antara skuadron kuat [[Republik
Komandan Britania di Hindia Timur, Laksamana Muda [[Peter Rainier, junior|Peter Rainier]] khawatir terhadap kerentanan konvoi Tiongkok dan mengirim bala bantuan untuk mendukung satu-satunya kapal pendamping Angkatan Laut Britania Raya, [[kapal tiang]] [[HMS Intrepid (1770)|HMS ''Intrepid'']] di bawah Kapten [[William Hargood]]. Bala bantuan ini tiba pada 21 Januari, hanya enam hari sebelum skuadron sekutu lawan tiba di Makau. Hargood berlayar untuk menghadapi kapal
== Latar belakang ==
Perdagangan [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania|Hindia Timur]] merupakan suatu komponen penting dari ekonomi [[Kerajaan Britania Raya|Britania Raya]] dalam abad kedelapan belas. Dikelola oleh [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania]] dari [[India Britania]], barang-barang perdagangan eksotis dibawa dengan kapal-kapal dagang besar dan bersenjata lengkap yang dikenal sebagai Armada India Timur,{{sfn|Gardiner "Victory of Seapower"|1997|page=101}} yang berbobot antara 500 dan 1.200 [[ton panjang]] (510 dan 1.220 ton).{{sfn|Clowes, Vol.V|1997 [1899]|page=337}} Di antara bagian yang paling berharga dari perdagangan India Timur adalah konvoi tahunan dari Kanton, sebuah pelabuhan di [[Dinasti Qing]] [[Tiongkok]]. Pada awal setiap tahun, sebuah [[konvoi]] besar dari Armada India Timur akan berkumpul di [[Pazhou|Pelabuhan Whampoa]] dalam persiapan untuk perjalanan enam bulan mereka melintasi [[Samudra Hindia]] dan melalui [[Samudra Atlantik]] menuju Britania. Nilai perdagangan yang dibawa dalam konvoi ini, yang dijuluki "Armada Tiongkok", sangat besar: satu konvoi pada tahun 1804 dilaporkan membawa barang senilai lebih dari £8 juta dalam nilai kontemporer.(setara dengan £{{Formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|8000000|1804|r=-8}}|0}}
== Catatan ==
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}}
{{Cnote2|Note|'''Note:''' Although Woodman claims that Sercey led the allied squadron off Macau,{{sfn|Woodman|2001|page=115}} Parkinson is clear that Sercey remained on [[Java]] at Sourabaya and had no part in the inconclusive operation.{{sfn|Parkinson|1954|page=124}}}}
{{Cnote2 End}}
== Kutipan ==
{{reflist}}
== Referensi ==
*{{cite book | last = Clowes | first = William Laird | authorlink = William Laird Clowes | year = 1997 | origyear = 1900 | chapter = | title = The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V | publisher = Chatham Publishing | location = | isbn = 1-86176-014-0 }}
*{{cite book | last1= Gardiner |first1=Robert, ed | last2= Woodman|first2=Richard | authorlink = | year = 2001 | origyear= 1996 | chapter = | title =Nelson against Napoleon: from the Nile to Copenhagen, 1798-1801 |location=London, England |publisher=Chatham Pub. in association with the [[National Maritime Museum]], Caxton Editions| isbn = 1-86176-026-4 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |last1= Gardiner |first1=Robert, ed | last2= Woodman|first2=Richard | authorlink = | year = 2001 | origyear = 1998 | chapter = | title = The Victory of Seapower |publisher = Caxton Editions | location=London, England | isbn = 1-84067-359-1 }}
*{{cite book | last = Henderson | first = James, CBE | authorlink = |year=1994 |origyear=1970 | chapter = | title = The Frigates | url = https://archive.org/details/frigatesaccounto0000hend | publisher = Leo Cooper | location = London | isbn = 0-85052-432-6 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book | last = James | first = William | authorlink = William James (naval historian) | year = 2002 | origyear= 1827 | chapter = | title = The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2,
*{{cite book | last = Parkinson | first = C. Northcote | authorlink = C. Northcote Parkinson | year = 1954 | origyear = | chapter = | title = War in the Eastern Seas, 1793 - 1815 | url = https://archive.org/details/warineasternseas0000park_g8s4 | publisher = George Allen & Unwin Ltd. |location=London, England | isbn = |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book | last = Woodman | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Woodman | year = 2001 | chapter = | title =The sea warriors: fighting captains and frigate warfare in the age of Nelson | url = https://archive.org/details/seawarriorsfight0000wood |publisher=Constable |location=London, England | isbn = 1-84119-183-3 |ref=harv}}
▲[[Category:Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
▲[[Category:Conflicts in 1799]]
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▲[[Category:Naval battles involving Great Britain]]
▲[[Category:History of Macau]]
▲[[Category:Battles and conflicts without fatalities]]
▲[[Category:1799 in military history]]
▲[[Category:History of the South China Sea]]
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