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[[Berkas:Obelisk Luxor.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Obelisk]] di [[kuil Luxor]], Mesir. c. 1200 SM]]
[[Berkas:Rytter fra Bagirmi.jpg|jmpl|Arican knight of [[Kingdom of Baguirmi|Baguirmi]] in full [[gambeson|padded armour]] suit]]
'''Sejarah Afrika, atau Benua Hitam,''' dimulai dari [[Afrika]] [[prasejarah]] dan berlanjut hingga terbentuknya negara-negara modern. Sejarah mula-mula peradaban Afrika dimulai di Lembah Sungai Nil dengan [[Mesirkerajaan-kerajaan di tepi Sungai Nil]] dan kemudian di [[Maghreb]] dan [[Tanduk Afrika]]. Pada masa [[Abad Pertengahan]], sekitar 800-1500 M, para pedagang Arab melakukan perdagangan di kawasan Afrika Timur. Kedatangan para pedagang ini juga sekaligus mengenalkan dan menyebarkan agama [[Islam]] menyebar di kawasan tersebut.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sherrow|first=Victoria|date=2007|url=|title=Afrika Kuno: Arkeologi Menguak Rahasia Masa Lampau|location=|publisher=National Geographic|isbn=|pages=|url-status=live}}</ref> <!--
 
The '''history of Africa''' begins with the [[prehistory]] of [[Africa]] and the emergence of ''[[archaic Homo sapiens|Homo sapiens]]'' in [[East Africa]], continuing into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. Agriculture began about 10,000 BCE and metallurgy in about 4000 BCE. The [[history]] of early civilization arose in [[Egypt]] and later in the [[Maghreb]] and the [[Horn of Africa]]. During the [[Middle Ages]], [[Islam]] spread through the regions. Crossing the Maghreb and the [[Sahel]], a major centre of Muslim culture was at [[Timbuktu]]. States and polities subsequently formed throughout the continent.
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Africa's history has been a challenge for researchers in the field of [[African studies]] because of the scarcity of written sources in large parts of [[sub-Saharan Africa]]. Scholarly techniques such as the recording of [[oral history]], [[historical linguistics]], [[archaeology of Africa|archaeology]] and [[genetic history of Africa|genetics]] have been crucial.-->
 
== Daftar Referensi ==
<references />
* Collins, Robert O.; Burns, James M. (2007). ''A History of Sub-Saharan Africa''. [[New York City]]: [[Cambridge University Press]], ISBN 978-0-521-68708-9.
== Bibliografi ==
* Telestro, Jumbo. Indipendence of Africa.▼
*# [[BasilCollins, Robert O.; Davidson|DavidsonBurns, Basil]]James M. (19912007). ''Africa InA History, Themesof andSub-Saharan OutlinesAfrica''. Revised and expanded ed. [[New York City]]: [[SimonCambridge &University SchusterPress]], ISBN 978-0-684521-8266768708-49.
▲*# Telestro, Jumbo. Indipendence of Africa.
* [[Christopher Ehret|Ehret, Christopher]] (2002). ''The Civilizations of Africa''. [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]]: [[University of Virginia]], ISBN 0-8139-2085-X.
*#[[Basil IliffeDavidson|Davidson, JohnBasil]] (20071991). ''Africans:Africa TheIn History, ofThemes aand ContinentOutlines''. 2ndRevised and expanded ed. [[New York City]]: [[CambridgeSimon University& PressSchuster]], ISBN 978-0-521684-6829782667-8.4
*#[[Christopher LyeEhret|Ehret, KeithChristopher]] (2002). ''EncyclopediaThe Civilizations of African Nations and CivilizationAfrica''. [[New YorkCharlottesville, CityVirginia|Charlottesville]]: [[TheUniversity Diagramof GroupVirginia]], ISBN 0-81608139-45682085-2X.
*# MartinIliffe, PhyllisJohn M(2007)., and O'Meara,'Africans: PatrickThe (1995).History of ''Africaa Continent''. 3rd2nd ed. [[Bloomington,New York Indiana|BloomingtonCity]]: [[IndianaCambridge University Press]], ISBN 978-0-253521-2098468297-68.
*# PageLye, Willie F.Keith (20012002). ''Encyclopedia of African HistoryNations and Culture: From Conquest to Colonization (1500–1850)Civilization''. [[New York City]]: [[LearningThe SourceDiagram BooksGroup]], ISBN 0-8160-44724568-42.
*# [[KevinMartin, Shillington|ShillingtonPhyllis M., Kevin]]and O'Meara, Patrick (20051995). ''History of Africa''. Revised 2nd3rd ed. [[NewBloomington, York CityIndiana|Bloomington]]: [[PalgraveIndiana University MacmillanPress]], ISBN 0-333253-5995720984-86.
# Page, Willie F. (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African History and Culture: From Conquest to Colonization (1500–1850)''. [[New York City]]: [[Learning Source Books]], ISBN 0-8160-4472-4.
* {{Cite book▼
#[[Kevin Shillington|Shillington, Kevin]] (2005). ''History of Africa''. Revised 2nd ed. [[New York City]]: [[Palgrave Macmillan]], ISBN 0-333-59957-8.
▲* #{{Cite book
|author = [[Jared Diamond|Diamond, Jared M.]]
|title = [[Guns, Germs, and Steel|Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies]]
|publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company|W.W.Norton]]|year = 1999|location = [[New York City]]|isbn = 0-393-31755-2}}
* #{{Cite book
|title = [[Encyclopedia of World History|The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged]]
|editor = [[Peter Stearns|Stearns, Peter]]
|publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]|location = [[Boston]]|OCLC = 644651969|year = 2001}}
* #{{1911}}
 
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa Worldtimelines.org.uk -Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815022804/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa |date=2010-08-15 }} [[The British Museum]]. 2005
* [http://africanhistory.about.com/od/countryhistoryatoz/u/PeoplePlaces.htm About.com:African History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213144544/http://africanhistory.about.com/od/countryhistoryatoz/u/PeoplePlaces.htm |date=2007-12-13 }}.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index.shtml The Story of Africa - BBC World Service]
* [http://www.pbs.org/wonders/fr_wn.htm Wonders of the African World], [[PBS]].
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* [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/te_index.asp?i=Africa African Art],(chunk of historical data), [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].
* [http://www.africankingdoms.com/ African Kingdoms], by Khaleel Muhammad.
* [http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=12651/ Mapungubwe Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401181050/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=12651%2F |date=2012-04-01 }} at the [[University of Pretoria]]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=202977755949863934429.00049e10e3b7c3478be0f&t=h&z=3 Interactive Google Map of the Ancient African Ruins]{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Zoom in on the actual ruins of ancient African that are beyond those found in Egypt. Each location has a Wikipedia link providing background info and can be viewed in both satellite and terrain modes.
 
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