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{{Autotaxobox
{{Taxobox
| nametaxon = Colubridae
| fill = yes
| image = Coluber caspius.jpg
| authority = [[Nicolaus_Michael_Oppel|Oppel]], 1811
| image_caption = [[Ular-pecut Kaspia]]<br>''Dolicophis caspius''
| fossil_range = [[Oligocene]] - kini
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| subphylum = [[Vertebrata]]
| classis = [[Reptilia]]
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
| subordo = [[Ular|Serpentes]]
| familia = '''Colubridae'''
| familia_authority=[[Nicolaus Michael Oppel|Oppel]], 1811
}}
'''Kolubrid''' atau '''Colubridae''' (dari bahasa latin, ''coluber''="ular") adalah nama familia [[ular]] yang terdiri lebih dari 1000 spesies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colubrid |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/colubrid |website=britannica.com |publisher=Britannica |accessdate=2 December 2018}}</ref> Suku kolubrid tersebar luas di setiap benua di dunia, kecuali [[Antartika]].<ref name=EoR>{{cite book |editor=Cogger, H.G. |editor-link=Harold Cogger |editor2=Zweifel, R.G. |editor2-link=Richard G. Zweifel|author= [[:fr:Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer, Aaron M.]]|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_h2i0 |publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_h2i0/page/188 188]–195|isbn= 0-12-178560-2}}</ref>
'''Kolubrid''' atau '''Colubridae''', (dari bahasa latin, ''coluber''="ular") adalah keluarga [[ular]] yang terbanyak anggotanya. Hampir dua pertiga dari semua jenis-jenis ular termasuk ke dalam suku ini. Suku kolubrid bisa ditemui di semua benua, kecuali [[Antartika]]. Kelompok ular ini juga menjadi suku ular yang dominan di setiap benua, kecuali [[Eropa]] dan [[Australia]]. Suku kolubrid terdiri dari jenis-jenis ular tak berbisa (''non-venomous''), atau memiliki bisa yang lemah saja, dan pada umumnya tidak membahayakan manusia. Akan tetapi beberapa jenis misalnya dari marga ''[[Ular kucing|Boiga sp.]]'', ''[[Ular pucuk|Ahaetulla sp.]]'', dan ''[[Opheodrys|Opheodrys sp.]]'' gigitannya dapat berakibat serius. Bahkan gigitan ular [[Boomslang]] (''Dispholydus typus'') dan [[Ular ranting Afrika]] (''Thelotornis sp.'') dapat membunuh manusia. Namun, semua ular berbisa dalam suku ini memiliki taring yang terletak di rahang belakang, bukan di depan seperti suku [[Elapidae]] atau [[Viperidae]].
 
== Pengenalan ==
Sebagian besar spesies kolubrid adalah ular-ular yang tidak berbisa. Walau begitu, klasifikasi famili kolubrid juga mencakup jenis-jenis ular berbisa. Akan tetapi, ular-ular berbisa yang termasuk kedalam kolubrid adalah ular berbisa bertaring belakang (''rear-fanged'') di mana taring bisanya terletak di rahang atas bagian belakang, bukan di depan seperti pada familia [[Elapidae]] atau [[Viperidae]]. Sebagian besar kolubrid yang berbisa tidak sampai membahayakan manusia, tetapi beberapa spesies seperti ''Boiga dendrophila'' ([[Ular cincin-emas]]), gigitannya dapat berakibat serius. Bakhan sebagian spesies seperti ''Dispholidus typus'' ([[Boomslang]]) dan ''Thelotornis'' ([[Ular-ranting Afrika]]), gigitannya mampu membunuh manusia.<ref name="Bruna Azara 1995">{{cite journal | author = Bruna Azara, C. | year = 1995 | title = Animales venenosos. Vertebrados terrestres venenosos peligrosos para el ser humano en España | url = http://www.sea-entomologia.org/PDF/BOLETIN_11/B11-009-032.pdf | journal = Boletín de la S.E.A. | volume = 11 | issue = | pages = 32–40 }}</ref><ref name="Weinstein2011">{{cite book|last1=Weinstein|first1=S. A.|last2=Warrell|first2=D. A.|last3=White|first3=J.|last4=Keyler|first4=D. E.|title=Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of "colubrid" snake bites|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier|location=London}}</ref>
 
== Klasifikasi ==
=== Subfamilia [[Ahaetuliinae]] Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell, and Lailvaux, 2016 ===
Sebelumnya, suku ini mencakup hampir seluruh anak suku ular di dunia, namun sekarang hanya terdapat 4 anak suku, yakni:
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
=== Subfamili [[Calamariinae]] ===
** Genus ''[[CalamariaAhaetulla]]'' (60Link, spesies)1807
** Genus ''[[CalamorhabdiumChrysopelea]]'' (2Boie, spesies)1827
* Genus ''[[Dendrelaphis]]'' Boulenger, 1890
** ''[[Collorhabdium williamsoni|Collorhabdium]]''
* Genus ''[[Dryophiops]]'' Boulenger, 1896
** ''[[Etheridgeum pulchrum|Etheridgeum]]''
* Genus ''[[Proahaetulla antiqua|Proahaetulla]]'' Mallik, Achyuthan, Ganesh, Pal, Vijayakumar & Shanker, 2019
** ''[[Macrocalamus]]''
}}
** ''[[Pseudorabdion]]''
** ''[[Rabdion]]''
 
=== SubfamiliSubfamilia [[ColubrinaeCalamariinae]] -(Bonaparte, Ada sekitar 100 genus1838) ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
{{col|2}}
** Genus ''[[AeluroglenaCalamaria]]'' BoulengerBoie, 18981827
* Genus ''[[Calamorhabdium]]'' Boettger, 1898
** ''Ahaetulla'' Link, 1807 - [[Ular pucuk]]
* Genus ''[[Collorhabdium williamsoni|Collorhabdium]]'' Smedley, 1931
** ''[[Aprosdoketophis]]'' Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010
* Genus ''[[Etheridgeum pulchrum|Etheridgeum]]'' Wallach, 1988
** ''[[Archelaphe]]'' Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011
** Genus ''[[ArgyrogenaMacrocalamus]]'' WernerGünther, 19241864
** Genus ''[[Arizona (genus)|ArizonaPseudorabdion]]'' KennicottJan, 18591862
** Genus ''[[BamanophisRabdion]]'' Schätti & TrapeDuméril, 20081853
}}
** ''[[Bogertophis]]'' Dowling & Price, 1988
 
** ''Boiga'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular kucing]]
=== Subfamilia [[Colubrinae]] (Oppel, 1811) ===
** ''Cemophora'' Cope, 1860 - [[Ular belang bata]]
[[Berkas:Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) (8387575202).jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Ular-pohon cokelat]] (''Boiga irregularis'')]]
** ''[[Chapinophis]]'' Campbell & Smith, 1998
[[Berkas:Coelognathus radiatus.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Ular sapi]] (''Coelognathus radiatus'')]]
** ''[[Chilomeniscus]]'' Cope, 1860
[[Berkas:Dasypeltis atra2.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|Ular pemakan-telur Afrika (''Dasypeltis Sp.'')]]
** ''[[Chionactis]]'' Cope, 1860
[[Berkas:Dispholidus typus.jpg|jmpl|ka|240px|[[Boomslang]] (''Dispholidus typus''), salah satu spesies kolubrid berbisa]]
** ''[[Chironius]]'' Fitzinger, 1826
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
** ''Chrysopelea'' Boie, 1827 - [[Ular terbang]]
** Genus ''[[CoelognathusAeluroglena]]'' FitzingerBoulenger, 1843 - Ular tikus1898
** Genus ''[[ColuberAprosdoketophis]]'' LinnaeusWallach, 1758Lanza -& Ular-cemetiNistri, Nearktika2010
** Genus ''[[ColubroelapsArchelaphe]]'' OrlovSchulz, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien TaoBöhme & Quang TruongTillack, 20092011
** Genus ''[[ConopsisArgyrogena]]'' GüntherWerner, 18581924
** Genus ''[[CoronellaArizona (genus)|Arizona]]'' LaurentiKennicott, 17681859
** Genus ''[[CrotaphopeltisBamanophis]]'' FitzingerSchätti & Trape, 18432008
** Genus ''[[CyclophiopsBogertophis]]'' BoulengerDowling & Price, 18881988
** Genus ''Dasypeltis[[Boiga]]'' SmithFitzinger, 18301826 - [[Ular pemakan telur Afrikakucing]]
* Genus ''[[Cemophora]]'' Cope, 1860
** ''Dendrelaphis'' Boulenger, 1890 - [[Ular tali]]
** Genus ''[[DendrophidionChapinophis]]'' FitzingerCampbell & Smith, 18431998
** Genus ''[[DipsadoboaChironius]]'' GüntherFitzinger, 18581826
* Genus ''[[Coelognathus]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
** ''Dispholidus'' Fitzsimons & Brain, 1958 - [[Boomslang]]
** Genus ''[[DolichophisColuber]]'' GistelLinnaeus, 18681758
* Genus ''[[Colubroelaps]]'' Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009
** ''[[Drymarchon]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular indigo Amerika
** Genus ''[[DrymobiusConopsis]]'' FitzingerGünther, 18431858
** Genus ''[[DrymoluberCoronella]]'' AmaralLaurenti, 19291768
** Genus ''[[DryocalamusCrotaphopeltis]]'' GüntherFitzinger, 18581843
* Genus ''[[Dasypeltis]]'' Wagler, 1830 - Ular pemakan-telur Afrika
** ''[[Dryophiops]]'' Boulenger, 1896
** Genus ''[[EirenisDendrophidion]]'' JanFitzinger, 18621843
** Genus ''[[ElachistodonDipsadoboa]]'' ReinhardtGünther, 18631858
** Genus ''[[ElapheDispholidus]]'' FitzingerFitzsimons ''in''& WaglerBrain, 18331958 - Ular tikus lintang utara[[Boomslang]]
** Genus ''[[EuprepiophisDolichophis]]'' FitzingerGistel, 18431868
** Genus ''[[FicimiaDrymarchon]]'' GrayFitzinger, 18491843
** Genus ''[[GeagrasDrymobius]]'' CopeFitzinger, 18761843
** Genus ''[[GonyosomaDrymoluber]]'' WaglerAmaral, 1828 - Ular bungka1929
** Genus ''[[GyalopionEirenis]]'' CopeJan, 18601862
* Genus ''[[Elaphe]]'' Fitzinger ''in'' Wagler, 1833 - [[Ular tikus]]
** ''[[Hapsidophrys]]'' Fischer, 1856
** Genus ''[[HemerophisEuprepiophis]]'' Schätti & UtigerFitzinger, 20011843
** Genus ''[[HemorrhoisFicimia]]'' BoieGray, 18261849
** Genus ''[[HierophisGeagras]]'' FitzingerCope, 18431876
** Genus ''[[LampropeltisGonyosoma]]'' FitzingerWagler, 18431828 - Ular raja Amerikabajing
** Genus ''[[LeptodrymusGyalopion]]'' AmaralCope, 19271860
** Genus ''[[LeptophisHapsidophrys]]'' BellFischer, 18251856
* Genus ''[[Hemerophis]]'' Schätti & Utiger, 2001
** ''[[Lepturophis albofuscus|Lepturophis]]'' Boulenger, 1900
** Genus ''[[LiopeltisHemorrhois]]'' FitzingerBoie, 18431826
** Genus ''[[LycodonHierophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - Ular bergigi serigala1843
** Genus ''[[LytorhynchusLampropeltis]]'' PetersFitzinger, 18621843
** Genus ''[[MacroprotodonLeptodrymus]]'' GuichenotAmaral, 18501927
** Genus ''[[MastigodryasLeptophis]]'' AmaralBell, 19351825
** Genus ''[[MeizodonLiopeltis]]'' FischerFitzinger, 18561843
** Genus ''[[OligodonLycodon]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular kukriserigala]]
** Genus ''[[OocatochusLytorhynchus]]'' HelfenbergerPeters, 20011862
** Genus ''[[OpheodrysMacroprotodon]]'' FitzingerGuichenot, 18431850
** Genus ''[[OreocryptophisMasticophis]]'' Utiger, SchättiBaird & HelfenbergerGirard, 20051853
** Genus ''[[OrientocoluberMastigodryas]]'' KharinAmaral, 20111935
* Genus ''[[Meizodon]]'' Fischer, 1856
** ''[[Orthriophis]]'' Utiger, Helfenberger, Schätti, Schmidt, Ruf & Ziswiler, 2002
* Genus ''[[Mopanveldophis]]'' Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
** ''[[Oxybelis]]'' Wagler, 1830 - Ular pucuk Amerika
* Genus ''[[Muhtarophis]]'' Avcı, Ilgaz, Rajabizadeh, Yılmaz, Üzüm, Adriaens, Kumlutaş & Olgun, 2015
** ''[[Pantherophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
** Genus ''[[PhilothamnusOligodon]]'' SmithFitzinger, 18401826 - [[Ular kukri]]
** Genus ''[[PhyllorhynchusOocatochus]]'' StejnegerHelfenberger, 18902001
** Genus ''[[PhrynonaxOpheodrys]]'' CopeFitzinger, 18621843
* Genus ''[[Oreocryptophis]]'' Utiger, Schätti & Helfenberger, 2005 - [[Ular-bambu merah]]
** ''[[Pituophis]]'' Holbrook, 1842
** Genus ''[[PlatycepsOrientocoluber]]'' BlythKharin, 18602011
** Genus ''[[PliocercusOxybelis]]'' CopeWagler, 18601830
** Genus ''[[PseudelaphePalusophis]]'' Mertens & RosenbergMontingelli, 19432019
** Genus ''[[PseudoficimiaPantherophis]]'' BocourtFitzinger, 18831843
** Genus ''[[PseustesPhilothamnus]]'' FitzingerSmith, 18431840
* Genus ''[[Phrynonax]]'' Cope, 1862
** ''[[Ptyas]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus Indo-Malaya
** Genus ''[[RhamnophisPhyllorhynchus]]'' GüntherStejneger, 18621890
** Genus ''[[RhinechisPituophis]]'' FitzingerHolbrook, 18431842
** Genus ''[[RhinobothryumPlatyceps]]'' WaglerBlyth, 18301860
** Genus ''[[RhinocheilusPseudelaphe]]'' BairdMertens & GirardRosenberg, 18531943
** Genus ''[[RhynchocalamusPseudoficimia]]'' GüntherBocourt, 18641883
* Genus ''[[Ptyas]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
** ''[[Salvadora (genus)|Salvadora]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853
** Genus ''[[ScaphiophisRhamnophis]]'' PetersGünther, 18701862
** Genus ''[[ScolecophisRhinobothryum]]'' FitzingerWagler, 18431830
** Genus ''[[SenticolisRhinocheilus]]'' CampbellBaird & HowellGirard, 19651853
** Genus ''[[SimophisRhynchocalamus]]'' PetersGünther, 18601864
** Genus ''[[SonoraSalvadora (genus)|SonoraSalvadora]]'' Baird & Girard, 18431853
** Genus ''[[SpalerosophisScaphiophis]]'' JanPeters, 18651870
** Genus ''[[SpilotesScolecophis]]'' WaglerFitzinger, 18301843
** Genus ''[[StegonotusSenticolis]]'' Duméril, BibronCampbell & DumérilHowell, 18541965
** Genus ''[[StenorrhinaSimophis]]'' DumérilPeters, 18531860
** Genus ''[[StichophanesSonora (genus)|Sonora]]'' Wang, Messenger, ZhaoBaird & ZhuGirard, 20141843
** Genus ''[[SymphimusSpalerosophis]]'' CopeJan, 18691865
** Genus ''[[SympholisSpilotes]]'' CopeWagler, 18611830
** Genus ''[[TantillaStegonotus]]'' BairdDuméril, Bibron & GirardDuméril, 18531854
** Genus ''[[TantillitaStenorrhina]]'' SmithDuméril, 19411853
** Genus ''[[TelescopusStichophanes]]'' WaglerWang, Messenger, Zhao & Zhu, 18302014
* Genus ''[[Symphimus]]'' Cope, 1869
** ''Thelotornis'' Smith, 1849 - [[Ular ranting Afrika]]
** Genus ''[[ThrasopsSympholis]]'' HallowellCope, 18571861
** Genus ''[[ToxicodryasTantilla]]'' HallowellBaird & Girard, 18571853
** Genus ''[[TrimorphodonTantillita]]'' CopeSmith, 18611941
** Genus ''[[XenelaphisTelescopus]]'' GüntherWagler, 18641830
** Genus ''[[XyelodontophisThelotornis]]'' Broadley & WallachSmith, 20021849
* Genus ''[[Thrasops]]'' Hallowell, 1857
** ''Zamenis'' Wagler, 1830 - [[Ular tikus Eropa]]
* Genus ''[[Toxicodryas]]'' Hallowell, 1857
{{end-col}}
* Genus ''[[Trimorphodon]]'' Cope, 1861
=== Subfamili [[Sibynophiinae]] ===
* Genus ''[[ScaphiodontophisWallaceophis]]'' TaylorMirza, Vyas, Patel, Maheta & SmithSanap, 19432016
* Genus ''[[SibynophisXenelaphis]]'' FitzingerGünther, 18431864
* Genus ''[[Xyelodontophis]]'' Broadley & Wallach, 2002
* Genus ''[[Zamenis]]'' Wagler, 1830
}}
 
=== Subfamilia [[Dipsadinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) ===
{{main|Dipsadinae}}
 
=== Subfamilia [[Grayiinae]] (Meirte, 1992) ===
* Genus ''[[Grayia]]'' Günther, 1858
 
=== Subfamilia [[Natricinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) ===
{{main|Natricinae}}
 
=== Subfamilia [[Pseudoxenodontinae]] (McDowell, 1987) ===
{{main|Pseudoxenodontinae}}
 
=== Subfamilia [[Sibynophiinae]] (Dunn, 1928) ===
* Genus ''[[Scaphiodontophis]]'' Taylor & Smith, 1943
* Genus ''[[Sibynophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
 
=== Tanpa Subfamilia (''[[incertae sedis]]'') ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|
* Genus ''[[Blythia]]'' Theobold, 1868
* Genus ''[[Elapoidis]]'' Boie, 1827
* Genus ''[[Gongylosoma]]'' Fitzinger, 1843
* Genus ''[[Lycognathophis]]'' Boulenger, 1893
* Genus ''[[Oreocalamus]]'' Boulenger, 1899
* Genus ''[[Poecilopholis]]'' Boulenger, 1903
* Genus ''[[Tetralepis]]'' Boettger, 1892
}}
 
== TaksonomiRiwayat lainTaksonomi ==
Beberapa suku ular lain yang sebelumnya juga termasuk di dalam suku ini, yaitu:
* '''[[Dipsadidae|Xenodontidae]] - lebih umum disebut Dipsadidae'''
* '''[[Homalopsidae]] - Ular air Indo-Australia'''
* '''[[Lamprophiidae]]'''
* '''[[NatricidaePareatidae]] atau [[Pareidae]] - Ular rumputsiput'''
* '''[[PareatidaeXenodermatidae]] -atau Ular siput[[Xenodermidae]]'''
* '''[[Pseudoxenodontidae]]'''
* '''[[Xenodermatidae]]'''
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Colubridae&submit=Search Colubridae @ Reptile Database]
----
* Oppel, 1811 : ''Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien, als Prodrom einer Naturgeschichte derselben''. J. Lindauer, München ([https://archive.org/details/dieordnungenfami00oppe lihat teks])
* [http://www.reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Colubridae&submit=Search Colubridae @ Reptile Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525185142/http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?submit=Search&taxon=Colubridae |date=2015-05-25 }}
* [http://www.reptileknowledge.com/squamata/colubridae.php Colubridae @ Reptile Knowledge]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q182751}}
 
[[Kategori:Colubridae| Ular]]
[[Kategori:Reptil]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Kolubrid"