T-72: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Penggantian teks otomatis (- + ) |
Menghapus Myanmar_Army_T-72S_tank.jpg karena telah dihapus dari Commons oleh IronGargoyle; alasan: per c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Myanmar Army T-72S tank.jpg. |
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(41 revisi perantara oleh 12 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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<!-- Service history -->
|service= 1973–sekarang
|used_by=*{{Flag|Uni Soviet}}
*{{flag|Russia}}
*{{flag|Ukraina}}
*{{flag|Belarus}}
*{{flag|Irak}}
*{{flag|India}}
*{{flag|Korea Utara}}
*{{flag|Bulgaria}}
*{{flag|Iran}}
*{{flag|Suriah}}
*{{flag|Serbia}}
*{{flag|Bosnia Herzegovina}}
*{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|wars=
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= [[Uralvagonzavod|Kartsev-Venediktov]]
|design_date=
|manufacturer= [[Uralvagonzavod]]
|unit_cost=
|production_date=
|number= 25,000+
|variants=
Baris 41 ⟶ 53:
|speed= {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
}}
'''T-72'''adalah tank tempur utama rancangan [[Uni Soviet|Soviet]] yang mulai diproduksi pada tahun 1971. Tank ini adalah hasil pengembangan dari tank [[T-62]]<ref>"Czołgi Świata" (World's Tanks or Tanks Of The World) magazine issue 19</ref> dengan beberapa fitur dari [[T-64|T-64A]] (yang didesain secara bersamaan), dikemudian hari T-72 berkembang menjadi [[T-90]]. Secara kronologis, desain T-72 dipandang satu generasi dengan [[Tank M60|M60 Patton]] Amerika, [[Leopard 1]] Jerman, dan [[Tank Chieftain]] Inggris
== Varian T-72 ==
* '''T-72 "Ural" (Object 172M)''' '''(1973)
* '''T-72B (Object 184) (NATO code: SMT M1988)
* '''BMO-T''' (''Boyevaya Mashina Ognemyochikov'')
* '''[[BMPT]] (Ob'yekt 199)'''
Baris 52 ⟶ 64:
* '''BREM-1'''
* '''MTU-2'''
* '''MTU-72 (Ob'yekt 632)'''
* '''RKhM-7 "Berloga-1"'''
* '''Ob'yekt 327'''
Baris 60 ⟶ 72:
[[Berkas:T-72 users.PNG|jmpl|ka|400px|Negara pengguna T-72. Warna biru menunjukkan negara yang masih menggunakan T-72, sedangkan warna mera menunjukkan negara yang tidak lagi menggunakannya.]]
T-72 digunakan di 40 negara . Tank ini juga dibuat berdasarkan lisensi di beberapa negara, antara lain
* [[T-72 Asad Babil]], Irak
* [[M-84]], Yugoslavia
Baris 80 ⟶ 92:
Berkas:T-72 Fahrschulpanzer 2.jpg|FAB 172M, kendaraan latih pengemudi
Berkas:T-72 Fahrschulpanzer im Gelaende.jpg
Berkas:
Berkas:POL PT91 Twardy.jpg|PT-91 ''Twardy'' milik AD Polandia
Berkas:Finnish Army T-72 Ps264-202 side.jpg|T-72M1 Finlandia di Museum Tank Parola, Finlandia.
</gallery>
==
[[Berkas:T-72_users.PNG|pus|jmpl|Pengguna T-72]]
'''Operator Saat Ini :'''
{{Flag|Angola}} – 44 Unit T-72M1 Dari [[Belarus]] Tahun 1999<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Armenia}} – 84 T-72B<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:T-72B_Armenia.jpg|jmpl|T-72 Pasukan [[Armenia]], 2017]]
{{Flag|Algeria}} – 572 T-72, T-72M, T-72M1, dan T-72AG<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} – 500 T-72A, T-72B dan T-72SIM2<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Belarus}} – 435 T‐72B Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Bulgaria}} – 160 T-72 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:T-72_on_Army_Day_parade,_2018.jpg|jmpl|T-72 Pasukan [[Bulgaria]], 2018]]
{{Flag|Republik Ceko}} – 50 T-72M1 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Republik Demokratik Kongo}} – 100 Unit Di Pesan dari [[Ukraina]] Tahun 2010<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Ethiopia}} – 171 Unit T-72 di Beli dari [[Yaman]] dan [[Ukraina]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Georgia}} – 143 T-72SIM1 dan T-72B Dalam Layanan, dan telah di modernisasi Dari [[Israel]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Hungaria}} – 130 Unit Aktif, Namun Sebagian Sudah Pensiun Karena Sudah di Gantikan dengan [[Leopard 2|Leopard 2A7]], Saat ini terdapat 34 Unit Aktif<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|India}} – 2,000 Unit T-72M Dan T-72M1 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:T-72_CI-Ajeya.jpg|jmpl|T-72 Pasukan [[India]], 2020]]
{{Flag|Iran}} – 480 – 540 Unit T-72S Dan T-72M1 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Irak}} – Pada Tahun 1980-an Irak Memiliki Hampir 1,000 Unit T-72 Ural, di Tahun 1990, Irak Memiliki Setidaknya 375 Unit T-72M, T-72M1, dan T-72 Asad babil di Tahun 2023 Irak mengoperasikan 125 T-72M1<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:A_T-72_Main_Battle_Tank_Prepares_to_Fire_15683.jpg|jmpl|T-72 [[Angkatan Bersenjata Irak|Pasukan Irak]], 2006]]
{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} – 300 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Kenya}} – 77 Unit T-72AV Dari Ukraina di Pesan Tahun 2007, 33 Dipesan Kembali Tahun 2009<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Kirgizstan}} – 215 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Laos}} – 50 Unit T-72B1 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Libya}} – 150 di Tahun 2003<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Maroko}} – 136 T-72B dan 12 T-72BK dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Rusia}} – 7,000 T-72M1, T-72B3M, T-72B3, dan T-72B1 Dalam Layanan [[Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia]], Semua Varian T-72 Russia Telah di Modernisasi, Sebelum nya Russia Memilik Lebih dari 8,000 Unit Namun Sebagian Sudah Pensiun, di Sumbangkan, Atau Hancur dalam Medan Perang<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:T-72B_in_Chebarkul_training_ground.jpg|jmpl|T-72 [[Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia|Pasukan Rusia]] di Chebarkul, April 2017]]
{{Flag|Polandia}} – 382 T-72M1, T-72M1D dan T-72M1Z Dalam Layanan dan telah di modernisasi, 200 Di Antara nya di Sumbangkan Ke [[Ukraina]], [[Polandia]] Juga Memiliki Tank Kembangan dari T-72, Yaitu [[PT-91 Twardy]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Makedonia Utara}} – 30 Dipesan Dari [[Ukraina]] Tahun 1999<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Nikaragua}} – 50 T-72B1MS<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Myanmar}} 139 T-72S<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Nigeria}} – 77 T-72M1<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Korea Utara}} – di Kabarkan Memiliki T-72<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Slovakia}} – 20 Unit T-72M1 Dalam Layanan, 10 di cadangan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Serbia}} – 94 T-72B1MS dan T-72M1 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:T-72M.jpg|jmpl|T-72 [[Angkatan Bersenjata Serbia|Pasukan Serbia]], 2021]]
{{Flag|Sudan Selatan}} – 96 di Pesan Pada Tahun 2013, Saat ini Sudan Selatan dikabarkan Memiliki 101 Unit T-72<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Sudan}} – 400 T-72V Dalam Layanan, 250 di antaranya di Beli dari [[Belarus]] dan [[Ukraina]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Suriah}} – 1,000 T-72 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Tajikistan}} – 44 T-72 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} – 698 T-72 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Uganda}} – 50 T-72B Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Ukraina}} – 603 T-72 Dalam Layanan Pada Tahun 2022, Namun Jumlah T-72 Ukraina Bertambah, dikabarkan Ukraina Berhasil Merebut Ratusan T-72 Dari Russia Selama [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Навчання_з_бойовою_стрільбою_бійців_танкової_роти_58-й_омпбр_01.jpg|jmpl|T-72 Pasukan Ukraina, 2018]]
{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} – 70 T-72B Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Venezuela}} – 92 T-72B1 dipesan dari Tahun 2009, dan Saat ini Venezuela Memiliki 100 T-72B<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Yaman}} – 39 T-72 Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} – 2 T-72S Dalam Layanan<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=David.B|date=2014-11-23|title=T-72|url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/ussr/soviet_t-72.php|website=Tank Encyclopedia|language=en-US|access-date=2023-06-15}}</ref>
'''Mantan Operator :'''
{{Flag|Cekoslowakia}} – Lebih 1,000 Unit T-72, T-72M1 dan T-72M1s di Tahun 1981–1990, Namun Setelah Cekoslowakia Runtuh Sisa T-72 di Wariskan Ke [[Ceko]] Dan [[Slowakia]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Jerman Timur}} – 583 T-72S, T-72M dan T-72M1 di pensiun kan Pada Tahun 1990, Bertepatan dengan dibubarkan nya [[Jerman Timur]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Finlandia}} – Sekitar 160–170 T-72M1s, di Pensiun kan Pada Tahun 1994–2006 dan di Gantikan dengan [[Leopard 2|Leopard 2A6]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Romania}} – Sekitar 59 T-72MS di Jual, 23 Sisanya di Sumbangkan Ke [[Ukraina]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Alexe|first=Pavel|date=2022-12-12|title=T-72 Ural-1 in Romanian Service|url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/t-72-romania/|website=Tank Encyclopedia|language=en-US|access-date=2023-06-15}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Romanian_T-72M_tank.jpg|jmpl|T-72 Pasukan [[Rumania]], 2009]]
{{Flag|Uni Soviet}} – 16,000 Diwariskan ke Negara Pecahannya Yaitu [[Rusia]], [[Ukraina]], [[Belarus]], [[Georgia]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Armenia]], dan [[Azerbaijan]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
{{Flag|Yugoslavia}} – 112 Dalam Layanan pada Tahun 1991 Sisanya di Wariskan ke [[Serbia]] Pada Tahun 2003<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-11|title=T-72 operators and variants|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=T-72_operators_and_variants&oldid=1159558825|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
* Sewell, Stephen ‘Cookie’ (1998). {{cite web |url=http://www.knox.army.mil/center/ocoa/ArmorMag/ja98/4sewell98.pdf |title=
* Foss, Christopher F. Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006. ISBN 978-0-7106-2686-8.
* Leizin, Uri (2004) [http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/t72-myth/index.html "Two myths of one battle: Syrian T-72's in 1982 Lebanon war"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613081229/http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/t72-myth/index.html |date=2007-06-13 }}(in Russian)
* Zaloga, Steven J (1993) T-72 Main Battle Tank 1974-93, Osprey Publishing ISBN 1-85532-338-9.
* Ustyantsev, Sergej Viktorovich; Kolmakov Dmitrij Gennadevich "Boyeviye mashiny Uralvagonzavoda. Tank T-72"
Baris 99 ⟶ 216:
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|T-72}}
* [http://www.uvz.ru/eng/ Uralvagonzavod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214223841/http://www.uvz.ru/eng/ |date=2008-02-14 }}, manufacturer's English-language home page ([http://www.uvz.ru/rus/index_1024.htm Russian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124100448/http://www.uvz.ru/rus/index_1024.htm |date=2005-11-24 }})
* [http://armor.kiev.ua/fofanov/ Vasiliy Fofanov's Modern Russian Armour Page]
* T-72 variants {{de icon}}
* [http://www.niistali.ru/index_en.php NiiStali website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408085125/http://www.niistali.ru/index_en.php |date=2010-04-08 }}
* [http://www.kampfpanzer.de/t-72 Detailed description of the T-72/90 at www.kampfpanzer.de]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{en icon}} {{de icon}}
* {{cite web|url = http://www.otvaga2004.narod.ru/ |title = ОТВАГА |accessdate = 2008-06-15}} "Kalejdoskop" (Russian language)
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