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Revisi per 6 Desember 2018 15.09 sunting Pierrewee (bicara \| kontrib) Pengurus 42.243 suntingan Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan halaman "Yellow vests movement" Tag: Terjemahan Konten		Revisi terkini sejak 1 Agustus 2023 08.53 sunting balikkan InternetArchiveBot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 693.422 suntingan Rescuing 35 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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Baris 1: {{Infobox civil conflict\|title=~~Yellow~~Gerakan ~~vests~~rompi ~~movement~~kuning<br>''Mouvement des Gilets jaunes'' ~~protests~~\|image=ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul 17nov2018 (cropped).jpg\|caption=ASebuah unjuk rasa ''gilets jaunes'' ~~demonstration in~~di [[Vesoul]], ~~eastern~~Prancis ~~France~~timur\|date=17 November 2018 – ~~ongoing~~sedang berlangsung\|place={{flag\|~~France~~Prancis}} (~~including~~termasuk [[Réunion]])<br>{{Collapsible list \| title = ~~Other~~Negara-negara ~~countries~~lainnya: \| bullets = yes \| {{flag\|Belgia}}<ref name="Monde_Wallonie">{{cite news \|author=Jean-Pierre Stroobants \|title=En Belgique, un mouvement de « gilets jaunes » se cherche un débouché politique \|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2018/11/18/en-belgique-un-mouvement-de-gilets-jaunes-se-cherche-un-debouche-politique_5385244_3214.html \|accessdate=27 November 2018 \|work=Le Monde.fr \|language=fr-FR \|archive-date=2019-01-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231423/https://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2018/11/18/en-belgique-un-mouvement-de-gilets-jaunes-se-cherche-un-debouche-politique_5385244_3214.html \|dead-url=no }}</ref> ~~\| {{flag\|Belgium}}<ref name="Monde_Wallonie"/>~~ \| {{flag\|~~Netherlands~~Belanda}}<ref name="YeniSafakNetherlands">{{cite web\|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/yellow-vest-protests-spread-to-netherlands-3468012\|title='Yellow vest' protests spread to Netherlands\|first=Yeni\|last=Şafak\|website=Yeni Şafak\|accessdate=2 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206143521/https://www.yenisafak.com//en/world/yellow-vest-protests-spread-to-netherlands-3468012\|dead-url=no}}</ref> \| {{flag\|~~Germany~~Jerman}}<ref name="RFI">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rfi.fr/europe/20181128-allemagne-connecte-phenomene-gilets-jaunes\|title=L'Allemagne se connecte au phénomène des "gilets jaunes"\|date=28 November 2018\|website=Rfi.fr\|accessdate=2 December 2018\|language=Franch\|archive-date=2018-12-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214220445/http://www.rfi.fr/europe/20181128-allemagne-connecte-phenomene-gilets-jaunes\|dead-url=no}}</ref> \| {{flag\|Bulgaria}}<ref name="LCI">{{cite web\|url=https://www.lci.fr/international/gilets-jaunes-la-belgique-et-la-bulgarie-ont-elles-aussi-leurs-gilets-jaunes-2105106.html\|title=Gilets jaunes : la Belgique et la Bulgarie ont elles aussi leurs Gilets jaunes\|website=Lci.fr\|accessdate=2 December 2018\|language=French\|archive-date=2018-12-13\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213190413/https://www.lci.fr/international/gilets-jaunes-la-belgique-et-la-bulgarie-ont-elles-aussi-leurs-gilets-jaunes-2105106.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref> \| {{flag\|~~Iraq~~Irak}}<ref name="NBCiraq">{{cite news \| author1 = Linda Givetash \| title=France's 'Yellow Jackets' inspire protesters in Iraq \| date = December 5, 2018 \| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/france-s-yellow-jackets-inspire-protesters-iraq-n943996 \| work=NBCnews \| accessdate = December 5, 2018 \| language=en \| archive-date=2019-01-06 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231447/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/france-s-yellow-jackets-inspire-protesters-iraq-n943996 \| dead-url=no en}}</ref> \| {{flag\|Serbia}} ~~}}\|causes=Increasing [[fuel tax]]es<br/>~~ \| {{flag\|Kanada}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1560359\|title=Salinan arsip\|access-date=2018-12-13\|archive-date=2018-12-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022053/https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1560359\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Application of the [[carbon tax]] \| {{flag\|Polandia}} [[Austerity]] measures, the related digitization of administrations<ref name=Spire /><br /> }} [[Traffic enforcement camera]]s <ref>{{cite news\| author1 = Jean-Gabriel Bontinck \|author2 = les éditions départementales \| url=http://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php\| title=Les radars, cibles privilégiées des Gilets jaunes \| date = December 3, 2018 \| accessdate = December 5, 2018 \| language = fr}}</ref>▼ \|causes=Kenaikan [[pajak bahan bakar]]<br/> suppression of the [[Solidarity tax on wealth]] in 2017<ref>{{cite news\|title=Les « gilets jaunes » ciblent la suppression de l’ISF, « péché originel » de Macron\|author=Alexandre Lemarié\|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/04/les-gilets-jaunes-ciblent-la-suppression-de-l-isf-peche-originel-de-macron_5392241_3224.html\|date=December 4, 2018\|accessdate=December 5, 2018\|language=fr}}</ref><br />▼ Penerapan [[pajak karbon]] [[Globalization]]<ref>{{cite news \|title= la mondialisation a enfanté des gilets jaunes \|url=https://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/3559666/comment-la-mondialisation-a-enfante-des-gilets-jaunes-remi-bourgeot \|accessdate=4 December 2018 \|work=Atlantico.fr \|language=fr}}</ref><br/>\|goals=Decrease of fuel and motor taxes<ref name="Mercury"/><br> Langkah-langkah [[pengetatan anggaran]], digitalisasi administrasi terkait<ref name=Spire /> Improved standards of living<br> ▲[[~~Traffic~~Kamera ~~enforcement~~penegakan ~~camera~~hukum lalu lintas]]s <ref>{{cite news \| author1 = Jean-Gabriel Bontinck \| author2 = les éditions départementales \| url = http://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php \| title = Les radars, cibles privilégiées des Gilets jaunes \| date = December 3, 2018 \| accessdate = December 5, 2018 \| language = fr \| archive-date = 2019-01-06 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231542/http://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php \| dead-url = no }}</ref> Resignation of President [[Emmanuel Macron]] and his government<br> ▲~~suppression of~~Penekanan ~~the~~pada [[~~Solidarity~~pajak ~~tax~~solidaritas onatas ~~wealth~~kekayaan]] intahun 2017<ref>{{cite news\|title=Les « gilets jaunes » ciblent la suppression de l’ISF, « péché originel » de Macron\|author=Alexandre Lemarié\|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/04/les-gilets-jaunes-ciblent-la-suppression-de-l-isf-peche-originel-de-macron_5392241_3224.html\|date=December 4, 2018\|accessdate=December 5, 2018\|language=fr\|archive-date=2018-12-05\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205074916/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/04/les-gilets-jaunes-ciblent-la-suppression-de-l-isf-peche-originel-de-macron_5392241_3224.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref~~><br /~~> End to unpopular austerity measures<br> [[Globalisasi]],<ref>{{cite news \|title=la mondialisation a enfanté des gilets jaunes \|url=https://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/3559666/comment-la-mondialisation-a-enfante-des-gilets-jaunes-remi-bourgeot \|accessdate=4 December 2018 \|work=Atlantico.fr \|language=fr \|archive-date=2019-01-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231549/https://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/3559666/comment-la-mondialisation-a-enfante-des-gilets-jaunes-remi-bourgeot \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Neoliberalisme]]<ref>{{cite news \|last=Rapoza \|first=Kenneth \|date=December 7, 2018 \|title=France Shows Austerity Is On Its Last Legs In Europe \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2018/12/07/france-shows-austerity-is-on-its-last-legs-in-europe/#5efc82012d0f \|work=Forbes \|location= \|access-date=December 9, 2018 \|quote=The gilets jaunes—the “yellow vests,” so named for the safety jackets they wear to public protests—have effectively transformed a single-issue protest into the French #resistance with a long list of objections against Macron and European neoliberalism. At least for now. \|archive-date=2018-12-08 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208193207/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2018/12/07/france-shows-austerity-is-on-its-last-legs-in-europe/#5efc82012d0f \|dead-url=no }}</ref> Government transparency and accountability to the working and middle classes\|methods=[[Protest]]s, [[civil disobedience]], [[barricades]], blocking traffic, disabling [[traffic enforcement camera\|''radars'']], [[riot]]ing,<ref name=nyt0212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/europe/france-yellow-vest-protests.html\|title=‘Yellow Vests’ Riot in Paris, but Their Anger Is Rooted Deep in France\|work=The New York Times\|last=Nossiter\|first=Adam\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref><ref name=fr240212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20181201-french-police-deployed-amid-new-round-protests-over-taxes\|title=Hundreds arrested as police clash with 'Yellow Vest' protesters in Paris\|work=France24\|agency=AP, Reuters\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref> [[vandalism]],<ref name=forb0212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/12/02/rioting-in-paris-yellow-vests-violence-vandalism-and-chaos-hits-tourism/#1f2a76ff36ac\|title=Riots In Paris: 'Yellow Vests' Violence, Vandalism And Chaos Hitting Tourism\|work=Forbes\|last=Rodriguez\|first=Cecilia\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref> [[arson]]<ref name=irisht0212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/almost-100-injured-during-french-fuel-protests-1.3717291\|title=Almost 100 injured during French fuel protests\|work=Irish Times\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref><ref name=telegr0112>{{cite web\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/01/yellow-vest-protesters-clash-police-paris-pictures/\|title=Yellow vest protesters clash with police in Paris, in pictures\|work=The Telegraph\|date=1 December 2018\|accessdate=4 December 2018}}</ref> and looting.<ref name=thelocal0312>{{cite web\|url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20181203/looting-and-violent-clashes-what-happened-in-the-rest-of-france-during-saturday-nights-protests\|title=The violence, burning and looting wasn't just in Paris on Saturday\|work=The Local\|date=3 December 2018\|accessdate=4 December 2018}}</ref>\|status=Ongoing, as of 5 December 2018.<ref name=theguardian>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/04/french-government-to-suspend-fuel-tax-increase-say-reports\|title=Gilets Jaunes protests in France to continue despite fuel tax U-turn\|work=The Guardian\|date=4 December 2018\|accessdate=5 December 2018}}</ref>\|concessions=Cancellation of the gas tax and a six-month moratorium on diesel and gasoline price changes by the French government <ref name=theguardian/>\|howmany1=287,710 protesters at the peak (per French interior ministry)<ref name="R1">{{cite web\|title=Gilets jaunes – Le ministre de l'Intérieur indique que le pics de manifestants s'est élevé à 282710 manifestants, atteint vers 17 heures\|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/5bf/059/0a5/ff4/e90/12a/7ac/c79.html\|website=France Info\|language=fr\|access-date=20 November 2018}}.</ref>\|injuries=1000+ civilians <br/> ~ 200+ injured police officers\|fatalities=4 civilians (in France)<ref name=bbc0312>{{cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46429930\|title=France fuel protests: 80-year-old woman killed in her home\|publisher=BBC\|date=3 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref>}}'''Gerakan rompi kuning '''({{lang-fr\|Mouvement des gilets jaunes}}, {{IPA-fr\|ʒilɛ ʒon\|pron}}), juga disebut sebagai '''Gerakan jaket kuning atau "yellow jacket movement"''' dalam bahasa Inggris, adalah sebuah gerakan protes yang dimulai dengan unjuk rasa di Prancis pada hari Sabtu, 17 November 2018 dan kemudian menyebar ke negara-negara terdekat (seperti [[Belgia]] dan [[Belanda]] ({{lang-nl\|gele hesjes}})). \|goals=Penurunan pajak bahan bakar dan motor<ref name="Mercury"/><br> Dipicu oleh kenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak, tingginya biaya hidup dan klaim bahwa beban yang tidak proporsional dari reformasi pajak pemerintah akan menimpa para kelas pekerja dan menengah<ref name="Leclerc">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2018/11/16/gilets-jaunes-radiographie-d-une-colere_5384349_823448.html\|title=« Gilets jaunes » : anatomie d’une journée de colère\|last=Aline Leclerc\|work=Le Monde.fr\|language=fr-FR\|access-date=19 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="guard1611">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/16/gilet-jaunes-yellow-jackets-protesters-france-standstill\|title='Gilets jaunes' protesters threaten to bring France to a standstill\|last=Willsher\|first=Kim\|date=16 November 2018\|work=the Guardian\|newspaper=the Guardian\|language=en\|access-date=19 November 2018}}Lebih dari satu parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">\|work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">\|newspaper=</code> yang digunakan ([[Bantuan:Galat CS1#redundant parameters\|bantuan]]) Peningkatan standar kehidupan ~~[[Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang memiliki parameter duplikat]]~~ Pengunduran diri Presiden [[Emmanuel Macron]] dan pemerintahannya [[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)]]</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/who-are-france-s-yellow-jacket-protesters-what-do-they-n940016\|title=The Champs-Élysées in Paris became a blazing battleground. Here's why.\|last=Smith\|first=Saphora\|date=27 November 2018\|work=[[NBC News]]\|language=en-US\|access-date=2 December 2018}}</ref> (terutama yang berada di daerah pedesaan dan peri-urban),<ref name="Spire">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/12/SPIRE/59371\|title=Aux sources de la colère contre l'impôt\|last=Alexis Spire\|date=December 2018\|work=Le Monde Diplomatique\|newspaper=Le Monde Diplomatique\|language=fr\|access-date=1 December 2018}}Lebih dari satu parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">\|work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">\|newspaper=</code> yang digunakan ([[Bantuan:Galat CS1#redundant parameters\|bantuan]]) Penghentian langkah-langkah pengetatan anggaran yang tidak populer ~~[[Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang memiliki parameter duplikat]]~~ Transparansi dan akuntabilitas pemerintah terhadap kelas pekerja dan menengah [[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Prancis (fr)]]</ref><ref name="Dianara">{{Cite news\|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2018/11/yellow-vests-france-gilets-jaunes-fuel-macron\|title=We're With the Rebels\|last=Aurélie Dianara\|date=30 November 2018\|work=The Jacobin\|newspaper=The Jacobin\|language=en\|access-date=2 December 2018}}Lebih dari satu parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">\|work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">\|newspaper=</code> yang digunakan ([[Bantuan:Galat CS1#redundant parameters\|bantuan]]) \|methods=[[Unjuk rasa]], [[pembangkangan sipil]], [[barikade]], pemblokiran lalu lintas, melumpuhkan [[kamera penegakan hukum lalu lintas\|''radar'']], [[kerusuhan]],<ref name=nyt0212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/europe/france-yellow-vest-protests.html\|title=‘Yellow Vests’ Riot in Paris, but Their Anger Is Rooted Deep in France\|work=The New York Times\|last=Nossiter\|first=Adam\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212100512/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/europe/france-yellow-vest-protests.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=fr240212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20181201-french-police-deployed-amid-new-round-protests-over-taxes\|title=Hundreds arrested as police clash with 'Yellow Vest' protesters in Paris\|work=France24\|agency=AP, Reuters\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215001341/https://www.france24.com/en/20181201-french-police-deployed-amid-new-round-protests-over-taxes\|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[vandalisme]],<ref name=forb0212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/12/02/rioting-in-paris-yellow-vests-violence-vandalism-and-chaos-hits-tourism/#1f2a76ff36ac\|title=Riots In Paris: 'Yellow Vests' Violence, Vandalism And Chaos Hitting Tourism\|work=Forbes\|last=Rodriguez\|first=Cecilia\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-03\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203171926/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/12/02/rioting-in-paris-yellow-vests-violence-vandalism-and-chaos-hits-tourism/#1f2a76ff36ac\|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[pembakaran disengaja]],<ref name=irisht0212>{{cite web\|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/almost-100-injured-during-french-fuel-protests-1.3717291\|title=Almost 100 injured during French fuel protests\|work=Irish Times\|date=2 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-04\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204172237/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/almost-100-injured-during-french-fuel-protests-1.3717291\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=telegr0112>{{cite web\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/01/yellow-vest-protesters-clash-police-paris-pictures/\|title=Yellow vest protesters clash with police in Paris, in pictures\|work=The Telegraph\|date=1 December 2018\|accessdate=4 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214133550/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/01/yellow-vest-protesters-clash-police-paris-pictures/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan penjarahan.<ref name=thelocal0312>{{cite web\|url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20181203/looting-and-violent-clashes-what-happened-in-the-rest-of-france-during-saturday-nights-protests\|title=The violence, burning and looting wasn't just in Paris on Saturday\|work=The Local\|date=3 December 2018\|accessdate=4 December 2018\|archive-date=2019-01-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231437/https://www.thelocal.fr/20181203/looting-and-violent-clashes-what-happened-in-the-rest-of-france-during-saturday-nights-protests\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ~~[[Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang memiliki parameter duplikat]]~~ ~~[[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)]]</ref> para pengunjuk rasa menyerukan akhir dari perubahan tersebut dan pengunduran diri Presiden Prancis, [[Emmanuel Macron]].~~ \|status=Sedang berlangsung, sampai dengan {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref name=theguardian>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/04/french-government-to-suspend-fuel-tax-increase-say-reports\|title=Gilets Jaunes protests in France to continue despite fuel tax U-turn\|work=The Guardian\|date=4 December 2018\|accessdate=5 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214224659/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/04/french-government-to-suspend-fuel-tax-increase-say-reports\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gerakan ini sangat terlihat di [[Daftar komune di Perancis\|kota-kota Prancis]], tetapi daerah-daerah pedesaan telah dimobilisasi luar biasa dalam unjuk rasa tersebut. Rompi kuning dipilih sebagai simbol karena semua pengendara mobil telah diwajibkan oleh hukum—sejak tahun 2008—untuk memiliki rompi bervisibilitas tinggi dalam kendaraan mereka ketika mengemudi. Akibatnya, rompi reflektif telah menjadi tersedia secara luas, murah, dan simbolik.<ref name="Mercury">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/20/gilets-jaunes-yellow-vest-gas-tax-protest-france/\|title=The Yellow Vests: Who they are and why their tax protest is a big deal\|last=Associated Press\|date=20 November 2018\|work=The Mercury News\|access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref>▼ \|concessions=Pembatalan pajak gas dan moratorium enam bulan mengenai perubahan harga solar dan bensin oleh pemerintah Prancis<ref name=theguardian/> Janji untuk menaikkan upah minimum sebesar € 100 per bulan pada tahun 2019<ref name="bbcSpeech">{{cite news\|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->\|date=December 10, 2018\|title=France yellow vest protests: Macron promises wage rise\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46513189\|work=BBC\|location=\|access-date=December 10, 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-10\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210200110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46513189\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pengumuman bahwa harga tarif biru [[Électricité de France]] tidak akan dinaikkan sebelum Maret 2019.<ref name="durand">{{cite web\|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/05/pourquoi-il-est-complique-de-geler-les-tarifs-reglementes-de-l-electricite_5393032_4355770.html\|title=Pourquoi il est compliqué de geler les tarifs réglementés de l’électricité\|work=www.lemonde.fr\|first=Anne-Aël\|last=Durand\|date=December 5, 2018\|accessdate=December 10, 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209175342/https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/05/pourquoi-il-est-complique-de-geler-les-tarifs-reglementes-de-l-electricite_5393032_4355770.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Penghapusan pajak untuk lembur dan bonus akhir tahun<ref name="NPR">{{cite news \|title=Macron Promises Minimum Wage Hike And Tax Cuts To End 'Yellow Vest' Protests \|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/10/675425153/macron-promises-minimum-wage-hike-and-tax-cuts-to-end-yellow-vest-protests \|accessdate=11 December 2018 \|work=NPR.org \|ref=ref \|language=en \|archive-date=2018-12-11 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211024052/https://www.npr.org/2018/12/10/675425153/macron-promises-minimum-wage-hike-and-tax-cuts-to-end-yellow-vest-protests \|dead-url=no }}</ref> \|howmany1=287.710 pengunjuk rasa saat mencapai puncaknya (menurut Kementerian Dalam Negeri Prancis)<ref name="R1">{{cite web\|title=Gilets jaunes – Le ministre de l'Intérieur indique que le pics de manifestants s'est élevé à 282710 manifestants, atteint vers 17 heures\|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/5bf/059/0a5/ff4/e90/12a/7ac/c79.html\|website=France Info\|language=fr\|access-date=20 November 2018\|archive-date=2019-02-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207172712/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/5bf/059/0a5/ff4/e90/12a/7ac/c79.html\|dead-url=no}}.</ref> \| injuries = 1000+ warga sipil<br/>~200+ petugas polisi terluka \| fatalities = 4 warga sipil (di Prancis)<ref name=bbc0312>{{cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46429930\|title=France fuel protests: 80-year-old woman killed in her home\|publisher=BBC\|date=3 December 2018\|accessdate=3 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-03\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203183907/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46429930\|dead-url=no}}</ref> \|arrests=1600 orang (sampai dengan 4 Desember 2018)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2018/12/04/gilets-jaunes-quel-est-le-bilan-officiel-des-morts-blesses-et-interpelles-depuis-le-debut-du-mouveme_1695762\|title=Gilets jaunes : quel est le bilan officiel des morts, blessés, et interpellés depuis le début du mouvement?\|date=4 December 2018\|website=Libération.fr\|access-date=2018-12-11\|archive-date=2018-12-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124220/https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2018/12/04/gilets-jaunes-quel-est-le-bilan-officiel-des-morts-blesses-et-interpelles-depuis-le-debut-du-mouveme_1695762\|dead-url=no}}</ref><br>Lebih dari 2.300 orang (8 Desember 2018 saja)<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/08/europe/france-protests-paris-intl/index.html \|title=Salinan arsip \|access-date=2018-12-11 \|archive-date=2018-12-09 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209165349/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/08/europe/france-protests-paris-intl/index.html \|dead-url=no }}</ref> \| notes = }} '''Gerakan rompi kuning '''({{lang-fr\|Mouvement des Gilets jaunes}}, {{IPA-fr\|ʒilɛ ʒon\|pron}}), juga disebut sebagai '''Gerakan jaket kuning''' atau '''"Yellow jackets movement"''' dalam bahasa Inggris, adalah sebuah gerakan protes yang dimulai dengan unjuk rasa di Prancis pada hari Sabtu, 17 November 2018 dan kemudian menyebar ke negara-negara terdekat (seperti [[Belgia]] dan [[Belanda]] ({{lang-nl\|gele hesjes}})). == Latar belakang ==▼ Dipicu oleh kenaikan harga bahan bakar, tingginya biaya hidup, dan klaim bahwa beban yang tidak proporsional dari reformasi pajak pemerintah akan menimpa para kelas pekerja dan menengah<ref name=Leclerc>{{Cite news\|author=Aline Leclerc\|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2018/11/16/gilets-jaunes-radiographie-d-une-colere_5384349_823448.html\|title=« Gilets jaunes » : anatomie d’une journée de colère\|work=Le Monde.fr\|access-date=19 November 2018\|language=fr-FR\|archive-date=2019-01-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231417/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2018/11/16/gilets-jaunes-radiographie-d-une-colere_5384349_823448.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=guard1611>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/16/gilet-jaunes-yellow-jackets-protesters-france-standstill\|title='Gilets jaunes' protesters threaten to bring France to a standstill\|last=Willsher\|first=Kim\|date=16 November 2018\|newspaper=the Guardian\|language=en\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231420/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/16/gilet-jaunes-yellow-jackets-protesters-france-standstill\|archive-date=2019-01-06\|dead-url=no\|access-date=19 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/who-are-france-s-yellow-jacket-protesters-what-do-they-n940016\|title=The Champs-Élysées in Paris became a blazing battleground. Here's why.\|last=Smith\|first=Saphora\|date=27 November 2018\|work=[[NBC News]]\|access-date=2 December 2018\|language=en-US\|archive-date=2019-01-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231649/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/who-are-france-s-yellow-jacket-protesters-what-do-they-n940016\|dead-url=no}}</ref> (terutama yang berada di daerah pedesaan dan [[peri urbanisasi\|periurban]]),<ref name=Spire>{{cite news \| title = Aux sources de la colère contre l'impôt \| author = Alexis Spire \| newspaper = Le Monde Diplomatique \| url = https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/12/SPIRE/59371 \| date = December 2018 \| access-date = 1 December 2018 \| language = fr \| archive-date = 2019-01-06 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231406/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/12/SPIRE/59371 \| dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name=Dianara>{{cite news \| title = We're With the Rebels \| author = Aurélie Dianara \| newspaper = The Jacobin \| url = https://jacobinmag.com/2018/11/yellow-vests-france-gilets-jaunes-fuel-macron \| date = 30 November 2018 \| access-date = 2 December 2018 \| language = en \| archive-date = 2019-01-06 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231438/https://jacobinmag.com/2018/11/yellow-vests-france-gilets-jaunes-fuel-macron \| dead-url = no }}</ref> para pengunjuk rasa menyerukan akhir dari perubahan tersebut dan pengunduran diri Presiden Prancis, [[Emmanuel Macron]]. ▲Gerakan ini ~~sangat~~telah banyak terlihat di [[Daftar komune di ~~Perancis~~Prancis\|kota-kota Prancis]], tetapi daerah-daerah pedesaan telah ~~dimobilisasi~~mengalami mobilisasi luar biasa dalam unjuk rasa tersebut. Rompi kuning dipilih sebagai simbol karena semua pengendara mobil telah diwajibkan oleh ~~hukum—sejak~~hukum—sejak tahun ~~2008—untuk~~2008—untuk memiliki [[pakaian bervisibilitas tinggi\|rompi bervisibilitas tinggi]] dalam kendaraan mereka ketika mengemudi. Akibatnya, rompi reflektif telah menjadi tersedia secara luas, murah, dan simbolik.<ref name="Mercury">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/20/gilets-jaunes-yellow-vest-gas-tax-protest-france/\|title=The Yellow Vests: Who they are and why their tax protest is a big deal\|last=Associated Press\|date=20 November 2018\|work=The Mercury News\|access-date=21 November 2018\|archive-date=2019-01-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231448/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/20/gilets-jaunes-yellow-vest-gas-tax-protest-france/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> ▲== Latar belakang == === Diesel === Sejak tahun 1950-an, pemerintah Prancis telah menyubsidi produksi [[Motor bakar diesel\|mesin diesel]]. Secara khusus, sejak tahun 1980 [[PSA Peugeot Citroën\|Peugeot]] telah berada di garis depan dari teknologi diesel. Pengurangan [[~~Pajak~~pajak pertambahan nilai\|PPN]] untuk armada perusahaan juga meningkatkan prevalensi mobil diesel di Prancis.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/10/04/2014/LesEchos/21666-088-ECH_diesel---les-raisons-d-une---exception-culturelle---francaise.htm\|title=Diesel : les raisons d'une " exception culturelle " française\|date=10 April 2014\|language=fr\|access-date=1 December 2018\|archive-date=2019-02-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208083958/https://www.lesechos.fr/10/04/2014/LesEchos/21666-088-ECH_diesel---les-raisons-d-une---exception-culturelle---francaise.htm\|dead-url=no}}</ref> === Harga bahan bakar ~~minyak~~ === Harga bensin (SP95-E10) menurun selama tahun 2018, dari 1,4682 €/L di Januari menjadi 1,4305 euro pada minggu terakhir November.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.lci.fr/automobile/prix-des-carburants-l-essence-a-son-plus-bas-de-2018-le-diesel-retrouve-son-niveau-de-mai-gilets-jaunes-2106366.html\|title=Prix des carburants : l'essence à son plus bas de 2018, le diesel poursuit aussi sa baisse\|website=LCI\|access-date=2018-12-06\|archive-date=2018-12-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215031313/https://www.lci.fr/automobile/prix-des-carburants-l-essence-a-son-plus-bas-de-2018-le-diesel-retrouve-son-niveau-de-mai-gilets-jaunes-2106366.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Harga bahan bakar bensin dan solar per liter meningkat masing-masing sebesar 15% dan 23% antara Oktober 2017 dan Oktober 2018.<ref name="lepoint1611">{{~~Cite~~cite web\|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/automobile/prix-a-la-pompe-la-part-du-brut-la-part-des-taxes-16-11-2018-2271841_646.php\|title=Prix à la pompe: la part du brut, la part des taxes\|work=Le Point\|agency=AFP\|date=16 November 2018\|~~website~~accessdate=Le4 ~~Point~~December 2018\|language=French\|~~access~~archive-date=~~4 December~~ 2018-11-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123200933/https://www.lepoint.fr/automobile/prix-a-la-pompe-la-part-du-brut-la-part-des-taxes-16-11-2018-2271841_646.php\|dead-url=no}}~~Pemeliharaan~~</ref> ~~CS1:~~Harga ~~Bahasa~~pembelian bensin pasar dunia untuk distributor meningkat sebesar 28% dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya; untuk solar, sebesar 35%. Biaya distribusi meningkat sebesar 40%. Termasuk PPN, pajak solar meningkat sebesar 14% selama satu tahun dan pajak bensin sebesar 7,5%.<ref name=lepoint1611 /> Kenaikan pajak 7,6 sen per liter pada solar dan 3,9 sen pada bensin pada tahun 2018, dengan peningkatan lebih lanjut dari 6,5 sen pada solar dan 2,9 sen pada bensin yang ~~tidak~~direncanakan ~~diketahui~~untuk ~~([[~~1 Januari 2019.<ref name=bbc2>{{cite news \|title='Shame' on Paris protesters, says Macron \|url=https:~~Kategori~~//www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46331783 \|accessdate=27 November 2018 \|work=BBC News \|date=25 November 2018 \|archive-date=2019-04-09 \|archive-url=https:~~Pemeliharaan~~//web.archive.org/web/20190409024324/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46331783 ~~CS1~~\|dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=energy>{{cite web\|url=https://www.energy-reporters.com/policy/macron-stands-by-fuel-taxes/\|title=Macron ~~Bahasa~~stands ~~yang~~by ~~tidak~~fuel ~~diketahui~~taxes\|~~link]])~~work=Energy Reporters\|date=28 November 2018\|accessdate=4 December 2018\|archive-date=2018-12-04\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204101950/https://www.energy-reporters.com/policy/macron-stands-by-fuel-taxes/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui]]</ref> Harga pembelian bensin pasar dunia untuk distributor meningkat sebesar 28% dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya; untuk solar, sebesar 35%. Biaya distribusi meningkat sebesar 40%. Termasuk PPN, pajak solar meningkat sebesar 14% selama satu tahun dan pajak bensin sebesar 7,5%. Kenaikan pajak 7,6 sen per liter pada solar dan 3,9 sen pada bensin pada tahun 2018, dengan peningkatan lebih lanjut dari 6,5 sen pada solar dan 2,9 sen pada bensin yang direncanakan untuk 1 Januari 2019.<ref name="energy">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.energy-reporters.com/policy/macron-stands-by-fuel-taxes/\|title=Macron stands by fuel taxes\|date=28 November 2018\|website=Energy Reporters\|access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala luar == {{commonscatinline}} [[Kategori:Peristiwa November 2018 di Prancis]] [[Kategori:Peristiwa Desember 2018 di Prancis]] [[Kategori:Unjuk rasa di Prancis]] [[Kategori:Penentangan pajak di Prancis]] [[Kategori:Unjuk rasa tahun 2018]] [[Kategori:Politik perminyakan]] [[Kategori:Prancis dalam tahun 2018]] [[Kategori:Gerakan sosial di Eropa]] [[Kategori:Minyak bumi di Prancis]] [[Kategori:Kerusuhan dan kekacauan sipil di Prancis]] [[Kategori:Sejarah Prancis]]