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{{Short description|Perusahaan perancangan perangkat lunak dan semikonduktor global asal Britania Raya}}
{{Infobox company
| name
| logo
| image = File:Cambridge ARM building panorama.jpg
| image_caption =
| type = [[Anak perusahaan]]
| traded_as =
| industry = [[Semikonduktor]]
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| defunct
| area_served =
| key_people = [[Simon Segars]] ([[CEO]])<ref name="Internet-of-Things">{{cite web|title=Phone-chip Designer Tackles 'Industrial' Internet of Things|author=Erin Griffiths|url=https://www.wired.com/story/phone-chip-designer-tackles-industrial-internet-of-things/|website=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=16 November 2017|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref>
| products = Rancangan [[mikroprosesor]], rancangan [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU), dan rancangan [[akselerator kecerdasan buatan|neural processing unit]] (NPU)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.arm.com/ip-products/processors/machine-learning|title=IP Products {{!}} Machine Learning|last=Ltd|first=Arm|website=ARM Developer|language=en|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> <!-- Ethos-N NPUs and "microNPU or micro neural processing unit"-->
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} JPY [[Yen Jepang|¥]]152,42 milyar (2017)<ref name=prelims>{{Cite web|url=https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/irinfo/financials/results/segments/arm/|title=Arm Segment {{!}} Financials and Filings {{!}} Investor Relations {{!}} About Us {{!}} SoftBank Group|work=SoftBank Group|access-date=2018-03-02|language=en|archive-date=2018-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051226/https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/irinfo/financials/results/segments/arm/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{decrease}} JPY ¥24,29 milyar (2017)<ref name=prelims/>
| net_income = {{decrease}} JPY ¥(31,79) milyar (2017)<ref name=prelims/>
| assets = US$3,21 milyar (2016)<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/arm-holdings/|title=ARM Holdings on the Forbes World's Most Innovative Companies List|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>
| equity =
| parent = [[SoftBank Group]]<br>[[Nvidia]] (menunggu persetujuan)<ref name="Nvidia details">{{Cite web|last=Moorhead|first=Patrick|title=It’s Official- NVIDIA Acquires Arm For $40B To Create What Could Be A Computing Juggernaut|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2020/09/13/its-officialnvidia-acquires-arm-for-40b-to-create-what-could-be-a-computing-juggernaut/|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref name="NVIDIA to Acquire Arm">{{cite web|url=https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-to-acquire-arm-for-40-billion-creating-worlds-premier-computing-company-for-the-age-of-ai |title=NVIDIA to Acquire Arm for $40 Billion, Creating World’s Premier Computing Company for the Age of AI |date=2020-09-13 |access-date=2020-11-21 |website=NVIDIA |language=en}}</ref>
|
| divisions =
| subsid =
| footnotes =
| intl =
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1990|11|27}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://community.arm.com/servlet/JiveServlet/previewBody/10926-102-1-22184/ARM_1st_Press_Release.pdf | title = ARM's first press release | access-date = 19 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127093621/https://community.arm.com/servlet/JiveServlet/previewBody/10926-102-1-22184/ARM_1st_Press_Release.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2016}}</ref>
| founders = Jamie Urquhart, Mike Muller, Tudor Brown, Lee Smith, John Biggs, Harry Oldham, Dave Howard, Pete Harrod, Harry Meekings, Al Thomas, Andy Merritt, David Seal<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theiet.org/events/lecture-histories/presidents-address/2006-saxby-slides.cfm | title = Chips With Everything | access-date = 27 May 2011 | last = Saxby | first = Robin | date = 23 November 2006 | format = PDF}}</ref>
| location = [[Cambridge]], Inggris, Britania Raya<ref name="worldwide-locations">{{cite web|url=https://www.arm.com/company/offices|title=Arm Worldwide Office|website=Arm}}</ref>
| locations =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.arm.com}}
}}
'''
CPU rancangan ARM pertama kali digunakan di sebuah [[komputer meja]], yakni [[Acorn Archimedes]], namun rancangan ARM kini sebagian besar digunakan di [[sistem tertanam]], termasuk semua tipe [[telepon]]. Sistem, seperti ponsel cerdas [[iPhone]] dan Android, kerap menggunakan sejumlah chip dari sejumlah pemasok berbeda, yang meliputi satu atau lebih inti berlisensi Arm, selain prosesor berbasis Arm. Rancangan inti Arm juga digunakan di chip yang mendukung semua teknologi terkait jaringan yang paling umum.
Prosesor yang didasarkan pada rancangan yang dilisensi dari Arm, atau dirancang oleh pemegang lisensi salah satu [[arsitektur ARM|arsitektur set instruksi ARM]], digunakan di semua kelas perangkat komputasi (termasuk di luar angkasa). Contoh penggunaan prosesor bervariasi dari [[Mikrokontroler#Komputer terkecil|komputer terkecil di dunia]], hingga [[ponsel cerdas]], [[laptop]], [[komputer meja]], [[peladen]], dan [[#Superkomputer Arm|superkomputer tercepat di dunia berdasarkan sejumlah patokan]] yang masuk dalam daftar [[TOP500]] (dan pada tahun 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|title=November 2019 {{!}} TOP500|url=https://www.top500.org/lists/green500/2019/11/|access-date=2020-12-02|website=www.top500.org}}</ref> juga sempat menjadi yang paling efisien energi di daftar tersebut). Prosesor yang dirancang oleh Arm atau oleh pemegang lisensi Arm digunakan sebagai [[mikrokontroler]] di [[sistem tertanam]], termasuk sistem keselamatan [[komputasi waktu nyata|waktu nyata]]. Jajaran produk [[graphics processing unit|GPU]] [[Mali (GPU)|Mali]] rancangan Arm adalah GPU terpopuler ketiga untuk perangkat seluler. Produk terbaru Arm adalah chip [[akselerator kecerdasan buatan]] untuk pemrosesan [[jaringan saraf tiruan|saraf tiruan]].
Kompetitor utama Arm di pasar CPU untuk peladen meliputi [[IBM]], [[Intel]], dan [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1329785 |title=Cavium Flexes ARM Server Upgrade: 14nm ThunderX2 will pack 54 cores |first=Rick |last=Merritt}}</ref> Intel pun berkompetisi dengan chip berbasis Arm di pasar telepon seluler. Kompetitor utama Arm di pasar GPU meliputi GPU seluler dari [[Imagination Technologies]] ([[PowerVR]]), [[Qualcomm]] ([[Adreno]]), serta [[Nvidia]] dan Intel. Walaupun berkompetisi di pasar GPU, Qualcomm dan Nvidia mengkombinasikan GPU buatan mereka dengan CPU berlisensi Arm.
Arm pernah melantai di [[Bursa Saham London]] dan pernah menjadi salah satu komponen dari [[Indeks FTSE 100]]. Perusahaan ini juga pernah melantai di [[NASDAQ]]. Pada tanggal 18 Juli 2016, [[SoftBank Group]] memberi tawaran akuisisi kepada perusahaan ini senilai £24,3 milyar.<ref name=bbc18July>BBC. “[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-36822806 ARM chip designer to be bought by Japan's SoftBank] 18 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.</ref> Akuisisi tersebut akhirnya selesai pada tanggal 5 September 2016.<ref name=silicon>{{cite news|url=https://www.siliconrepublic.com/companies/softbank-arm-takeover-completed|title=SoftBank finally completes £24bn ARM takeover|publisher=Silicon Republic|date=5 December 2016|access-date=5 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="Acquisition of ARM Holdings plc. by SoftBank Group Corp.">{{cite web|url=https://silver.arm.com/news.tm?msgid=9011|title=Acquisition of ARM Holdings plc. by SoftBank Group Corp.|website=silver.arm.com}}</ref>
Pada tanggal 13 September 2020, diumumkan bahwa [[Nvidia]] akan membeli Arm dengan harga $40 milyar, dan Arm juga akan mengakuisisi 10% saham Nvidia.<ref name="Nvidia details"/><ref name="NVIDIA bought">{{Cite news|last=Rosoff|first=Matt|date=13 September 2020|title=Nvidia to buy Arm Holdings from SoftBank for $40 billion|work=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/14/nvidia-to-buy-arm-holdings-from-softbank-for-40-billion.html|access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref>
==
===Nama===
Akronim ARM pertama kali digunakan pada tahun 1983 untuk "Acorn RISC Machine", prosesor [[reduced instruction set computing|RISC]] pertama buatan [[Acorn Computers]] yang pertama kali digunakan di [[Acorn Archimedes]] dan merupakan salah satu prosesor RISC pertama yang digunakan di komputer kecil. Namun, saat perusahaan ini resmi didirikan pada tahun 1990, kepanjangan 'ARM' diubah menjadi "Advanced RISC Machines",{{snd}} dan berdasarkan wawancara terhadap [[Steve Furber]], perubahan nama tersebut juga sesuai permintaan Apple, yang tidak ingin ada nama bekas kompetitornya{{snd}} yakni Acorn{{snd}} di nama perusahaan ini. Pada saat melakukan [[penawaran umum perdana]] pada tahun 1998, nama perusahaan ini diubah menjadi "ARM Holdings",<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://quotes.nasdaq.com/asp/SummaryQuote.asp?symbol=ARMH&selected=ARMH |title=Company Description (as filed with the SEC) |publisher=NASDAQ |access-date=18 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505072606/http://quotes.nasdaq.com/asp/SummaryQuote.asp?symbol=ARMH&selected=ARMH |archive-date=5 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> dan kerap disebut sebagai ARM, sesuai nama produknya.
Pada tanggal 1 Agustus 2017, logo perusahaan ini diubah. Logo baru perusahaan ini menggunakan huruf kecil, atau hanya huruf "A" yang ditulis dengan huruf besar, jika diperlukan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://linuxgizmos.com/arm-becomes-arm-or-is-it-arm/ |title=Chip IP designer ARM becomes "Arm" — or is it arm? |date=7 August 2017 |author=Eric Brown |website=LinuxGizmos.com }}</ref>
===Pendirian===
Perusahaan ini didirikan pada bulan November 1990 dengan nama '''Advanced RISC Machines Ltd''', sebagai sebuah [[joint venture]] antara [[Acorn Computers]], Apple Computer (kini [[Apple Inc.]]), dan [[VLSI Technology]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arm.com/about/company-profile/milestones.php |title=ARM milestones |website=www.arm.com |access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="andrews-co-verification-of-hardware-and-software-for-ARM-SoC-design">{{cite book| last1 = Andrews| first1 = Jason| title = Co-verification of hardware and software for ARM SoC design| url = https://archive.org/details/coverificationof0000andr| chapter = 3 SoC Verification Topics for the ARM Architecture| publisher = [[Elsevier]]| year = 2005| location = Oxford, UK| pages = [https://archive.org/details/coverificationof0000andr/page/69 69]| isbn = 978-0-7506-7730-1| quote = ARM started as a branch of Acorn Computer in Cambridge, United Kingdom, with the formation of a joint venture between Acorn, Apple and VLSI Technology. A team of twelve employees produced the design of the first ARM microprocessor between 1983 and 1985.}}</ref><ref name="latimes apple to join acorn">{{cite news | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-11-28/business/fi-4993_1_arm-chips | title=Apple to Join Acorn, VLSI in Chip-Making Venture |work=Los Angeles Times | date=28 November 1990 | access-date=6 February 2012 | author=Weber, Jonathan | location=Los Angeles | quote=Apple has invested about $3 million (roughly 1.5 million pounds) for a 30% interest in the company, dubbed Advanced Risc Machines Ltd. (ARM) [...]}}</ref> Perusahaan ini bertekad mengembangkan prosesor [[arsitektur ARM|Acorn RISC Machine]], yang awalnya digunakan di Acorn Archimedes dan telah dipilih oleh Apple untuk proyek [[Apple Newton|Newton]]. Untuk pertama kalinya, perusahaan ini berhasil mencetak laba pada tahun 1993. Perusahaan ini kemudian membuka kantor di Silicon Valley dan Tokyo pada tahun 1994. Pada tahun 1997, ARM berinvestasi di Palmchip Corporation untuk menyediakan platform SoC dan masuk ke pasar cakram penyimpanan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1210443|title=PALMCHIP Introduces Fully-Integrated, Low-Power Controller Core for OEM Mass Storage Design|date=16 May 1997|publisher=[[EE Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arm.com/about/company-profile/milestones.php?fullsite=yes|title=ARM Company Milestones|website=www.arm.com}}</ref> Pada tahun 1998, perusahaan ini mengubah namanya dari ''Advanced RISC Machines Ltd'' menjadi ''ARM Ltd''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_/ai_53093087 |title=Advanced RISC Machines Ltd is now ARM Ltd |publisher=Findarticles.com |date=19 October 1998 |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref> Pada tahun 1998, perusahaan ini resmi melantai di Bursa Saham London dan [[NASDAQ]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_/ai_20505833 |title=ARM wins billion dollar valuation in IPO |publisher=Findarticles.com |date=20 April 1998 |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref> Pada bulan Februari 1999, kepemilikan Apple atas saham perusahaan ini telah turun menjadi 14,8%.<ref name="cnet short take">{{cite news | url=http://news.cnet.com/Short-Take-Apple-sells-ARM-shares/2110-1001_3-221149.html | title=Short Take: Apple sells ARM shares | work=CNET | date=3 February 1999 | access-date=6 February 2012 | author=Davis, Jim | quote=Apple still holds 14.8 percent of ARM [...]}}</ref>
Pada tahun 2010, ARM bergabung dengan [[IBM]], [[Texas Instruments]], [[Samsung]], [[ST-Ericsson]] (kini dibubarkan), dan [[Freescale Semiconductor]] (kini [[NXP Semiconductors]]) untuk membentuk sebuah perusahaan rekayasa [[Perangkat lunak sumber terbuka|sumber terbuka]] [[organisasi nirlaba|nirlaba]], [[Linaro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailytech.com/IBM+Freescale+Samsung+Form+Linaro+to+Aid+in+Developing+ARMcompatible+Software/article18611.htm |title=IBM, Freescale, Samsung Form Linaro to Aid in Developing ARM-compatible Software |first=Shane |last=McGlaun |website=Daily Tech |date=3 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801120716/http://www.dailytech.com/IBM+Freescale+Samsung+Form+Linaro+to+Aid+in+Developing+ARMcompatible+Software/article18611.htm |archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>
===Akuisisi===
====1999====
* Micrologic Solutions, sebuah perusahaan konsultansi perangkat lunak yang berkantor pusat di Cambridge<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.twst.com/interview/5410 |title=Robin Saxby |publisher= The Wall Street Transcript |date= 26 June 2000 |access-date=25 September 2013}}</ref>
====2000====
* Allant Software, sebuah pengembang perangkat lunak [[debugging]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.design-reuse.com/news/1261/arm-allant-software.html |title=ARM acquires Allant Software |publisher=Design-reuse.com |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref>
* Infinite Designs, sebuah perusahaan perancangan yang berkantor pusat di [[Sheffield]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1141519 |title=ARM acquires privately-held design firm | first1=Peter |last1=Clarke |publisher=[[EE Times]] |date=10 April 2000 |access-date=1 July 2014}}</ref>
* EuroMIPS, sebuah perusahaan perancangan kartu pintar yang berkantor pusat di Sophia Antipolis, Prancis<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/electronics/computer-equipment-computer/6521101-1.html |title=Samsung and Incard Launch World's First 32-BitSmart Card for High-Volume SIM Applications |publisher=Allbusiness.com |date=24 October 2000 |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref>
====2001====
* Tim rekayasa dari Noral Micrologics, sebuah perusahaan perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras debug yang berkantor pusat di [[Blackburn]], Inggris<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2001/02/05/19468/arm-buys-noral-debug-design-team.htm |title=ARM buys Noral debug design team |publisher=Electronicsweekly.com |access-date=18 April 2011|date=5 February 2001 }}</ref>
====2003====
* Adelante Technologies asal Belgia, menciptakan bisnis mesin data OptimoDE, sebuah bentuk mesin [[pemrosesan sinyal digital]] ringan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eetimes.eu/germany/19503461 |title=ARM buys Adelante's design office, leaves core |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615194150/http://www.eetimes.eu/germany/19503461 |archive-date=2009-06-15 |work=EE Times |first=Junko |last=Yoshida |date=28 July 2003}}</ref>
====2004====
* Axys Design Automation, sebuah pengembang alat perancangan [[electronic system-level|ESL]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eetimes.com/arm-holdings-agrees-to-buy-aachen-eda-company/ |title=ARM Holdings agrees to buy Aachen EDA company |website=[[EE Times]] |date=16 August 2004 |access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>, dan Artisan Components, sebuah perancang ''kekayaan intelektual fisik'' ([[kekayaan intelektual]]: koleksi [[sel standar]], kompilator memori, [[PHY]], dsb), komponen dari [[sirkuit terintegrasi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coates |first=Ron |url=https://news.cnet.com/ARM-to-buy-designer-of-systems-on-a-chip/2100-1006_3-5319891.html |title=ARM to buy designer of systems on a chip |publisher=News.cnet.com |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref>
====2005====
* [[KEIL Software]], sebuah pengembang [[alat pengembangan perangkat lunak]] terkemuka untuk [[mikrokontroler]], termasuk platform [[Intel 8051|8051]] dan C16x.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.microcontroller.com/news/arm_keil.asp |title=ARM Purchases Keil Software |publisher=Microcontroller.com |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref> ARM juga mengakuisisi tim rekayasa dari PowerEscape.
==Catatan==
{{notelist}}
==Referensi==
{{Reflist}}
==Pranala luar==
{{Commons category|ARM Limited}}
* {{Official website|https://www.arm.com|Arm Limited}}{{snd}} official site
{{Open Handset Alliance Members}}
{{SoftBank}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Perusahaan Inggris]]
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