Plumbana: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
←Membuat halaman berisi '{{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464208782 | Name = Plumbana | ImageFile =Plumban.svg | ImageSize = 120 | IUPACName = P...' Tag: |
Wiz Qyurei (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
||
| (7 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 4:
| verifiedrevid = 464208782
| Name = Plumbana
| ImageFile = Plumban.svg
| ImageName = Rumus kerangka plumbana
| ImageFile1 = Plumbane-3D-vdW.png
| ImageSize = 120
| ImageSize1 = 100
| ImageName1 = Model pengisian ruang plumbana
| ImageCaption1 = {{legend|grey|Timbal, Pb}}{{legend|white|Hidrogen, H}}
| IUPACName = Plumbana
| OtherNames = timbal tetrahidrida, timbal(IV) hidrida, tetrahidridotimbal, hidrogen plumbida
| SystematicName =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 109888
Baris 24 ⟶ 30:
| CASNo = 15875-18-0
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = PbH<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 211
| Appearance = Gas nirwarna
| BoilingPtC = −13
| BoilingPt_notes =
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = [[Geometri molekul tetrahedron|Tetrahedral]] di atom [[Timbal|Pb]]
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = Senyawa tetrahidrida
| OtherFunction = {{ubl|[[Metana]]|[[Monosilana|Silana]]|[[Germana]]|[[Stanana]]}}
}}
| Section5 =
| Section6 =
}}
'''Plumbana'''
==Sejarah==
Hingga saat ini, apakah plumbana pernah benar-benar disintesis masihlah belum pasti,<ref>Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G.; Murillo, C. A.; Bochman, M. ''Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.'' Wiley: New York, 1999</ref> meski laporan pertama berasal dari tahun 1920-an<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1002/cber.19200530915 | pages = 1693–1710 | title = Über Bleiwasserstoff | year = 1920 | last1 = Paneth | first1 = Fritz | last2 = Nörring | first2 = Otto | journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) | volume = 53 | issue = 9| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1426681 }}</ref> dan pada tahun 1963, Saalfeld dan Svec melaporkan pengamatan {{chem|PbH|4|+}} melalui spektrometri massa.<ref name="Saalfeld">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/ic50005a014| pages= 46–50 | title = The Mass Spectra of Volatile Hydrides. I. The Monoelemental Hydrides of the Group IVB and VB Elements | year = 1963 | last1 = Saalfeld | first1 = Fred E. | last2 = Svec | first2 = Harry J. | journal = Inorganic Chemistry | volume = 2}}</ref> Plumbana telah berulang kali menjadi subjek studi [[Kimia kuantum relativistik|perhitungan relativistik]] [[Paul A.M. Dirac|Dirac]]–[[Metode Hartree–Fock|Hartree–Fock]], yang menyelidiki kestabilan, geometri, dan energi relatif dari hidrida dengan rumus MH{{sub|4}} atau MH{{sub|2}}.<ref name="Hein"/><ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1016/0009-2614(74)85085-2| pages= 534–539 | title =Relativistic and non-relativistic Hartree-Fock one-centre expansion calculations for the series CH{{sub|4}} to PbH{{sub|4}} within the spherical approximation | year =1974 | last1 =Desclaux | first1 =J. P. | last2 =Pyykko | first2 =P. | journal =Chemical Physics Letters | volume =29 | issue =4| bibcode= 1974CPL....29..534D }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pages= 336–337 | doi =10.1038/266336a0 | title= Dirac–Fock one-centre calculations show (114)H{{sub|4}} to resemble PbH{{sub|4}} | year= 1977 | last1= Pyykkö | first1= P. | last2= Desclaux | first2= J. P. | journal= Nature | volume= 266 | issue= 5600| bibcode =1977Natur.266..336P | s2cid =4183019 }}</ref>
==Sifat==
Plumbana adalah [[gas]] tak berwarna yang tidak stabil dan merupakan hidrida golongan 14 terberat;<ref>[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] [http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/ Online Edition.]</ref> serta memiliki [[Geometri molekul tetrahedron|struktur tetrahedral (T{{sub|d}})]] dengan jarak kesetimbangan antara timbal dan hidrogen sebesar 1,73 Å.<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1007/BF01134864 | pages=405–416 | title =Relativistic all-electron molecular Hartree-Fock-Dirac-(Breit) calculations on CH{{sub|4}}, SiH{{sub|4}}, GeH{{sub|4}}, SnH{{sub|4}}, PbH{{sub|4}} | year =1992 | last1 =Visser | first1 =O. | last2 =Visscher | first2 =L. | last3 =Aerts | first3 =P. J. C. | last4 =Nieuwpoort | first4 =W. C. | journal =Theoretica Chimica Acta | volume =81 | issue =6| s2cid=97874625 }}</ref> Menurut beratnya, plumbana terdiri dari 1,91% hidrogen dan 98,09% timbal. Dalam plumbana, [[bilangan oksidasi|keadaan oksidasi]] formal dari hidrogen dan timbal masing-masing adalah +1 dan -4, karena [[elektronegativitas|keelektronegatifan]] timbal(IV) lebih tinggi daripada hidrogen. Stabilitas hidrida dengan rumus MH{{sub|4}} (M = C–Pb) akan menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya nomor atom M.
==Preparasi==
Studi awal PbH{{sub|4}} mengungkapkan bahwa molekul ini tidak stabil dibandingkan dengan kongenernya yang lebih ringan, [[monosilana|silana]], [[germana]], dan [[stanana]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1002/qua.20142 | pages=940–949 | title =Relativistic and electron correlation effects for molecules of heavy elements: Ab initio fully relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for PbH{{sub|4}} | year =2004 | last1 =Malli | first1 =Gulzari L. | last2 =Siegert | first2 =Martin | last3 =Turner | first3 =David P. | journal =International Journal of Quantum Chemistry | volume =99 | issue =6}}</ref> Plumbana tidak dapat dibuat melalui metode yang digunakan untuk mensintesis GeH{{sub|4}} atau SnH{{sub|4}}.
Pada tahun 1999, plumbana disintesis dari [[timbal(II) nitrat]], Pb(NO{{sub|3}}){{sub|2}}, dan [[natrium borohidrida]], NaBH{{sub|4}}.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Krivtsun | first1 = V. M. | last2 = Kuritsyn | first2 = Y. A. | last3 = Snegirev | first3 = E. P. | year = 1999 | title = Observation of IR absorption spectra of the unstable PbH{{sub|4}} molecule | url = http://www.isan.troitsk.ru/dms/tdl/publ/1999os_en.pdf | journal = Opt. Spectrosc. | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 686–691 | bibcode = 1999OptSp..86..686K | access-date = 2012-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112423/http://www.isan.troitsk.ru/dms/tdl/publ/1999os_en.pdf | archive-date = 4 Maret 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Mekanisme ''non-nascent'' untuk sintesis plumbana dilaporkan pada tahun 2005.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid =16395924 | year =2005 | last1 =Zou | first1 =Y | last2 =Jin | first2 =FX | last3 =Chen | first3 =ZJ | last4 =Qiu | first4 =DR | last5 =Yang | first5 =PY | title =Non-nascent hydrogen mechanism of plumbane generation | volume =25 | issue =10 | pages =1720–3 | journal =Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu}}</ref>
Pada tahun 2003, Wang dan Andrews dengan hati-hati mempelajari preparasi PbH{{sub|4}} melalui [[ablasi laser]] dan juga mengidentifikasi pita [[inframerah]]nya.<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1021/ja029862l | pages=6581–6587 | title =Infrared Spectra of Group 14 Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen: Experimental Observation of PbH{{sub|4}}, Pb{{sub|2}}H{{sub|2}}, and Pb{{sub|2}}H{{sub|4}} | year =2003 | last1 =Wang | first1 =Xuefeng | last2 =Andrews | first2 =Lester | journal =Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume =125 | issue =21 | pmid =12785799}}</ref>
==Kongener==
[[Kongener (kimia)|Kongener]] dari plumbana meliputi:
* [[Metana]], CH{{sub|4}}
* [[Monosilana|Silana]], SiH{{sub|4}}
* [[Germana]], GeH{{sub|4}}
* [[Stanana]], SnH{{sub|4}}
==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
{{Senyawa timbal}}
{{Pengelompokan hidrida}}
[[Kategori:Senyawa timbal]]
[[Kategori:Hidrida logam]]
| |||