Masyarakat Internasional Kesadaran Kresna: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 9:
|mcaption =
|abbreviation = ISKCON
|motto = ''Krsnas Tu Bhagavan Svayam''
|formation = {{start date and age|1966|08|02|df=yes|p=y}} {{nowrap|[[Kota New York|New York]]}}, AS
|founder = [[A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]]
|extinction =
|type = Keagamaan
|status =
|purpose = [[
|headquarters = [[Mayapur]], [[Benggala Barat]], India
|location =
|region_served =
|membership =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|main_organ = Governing Body Commission
|affiliations = [[Gaudiya Waisnawa]]
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|website = [http://www.iskcon.com ISKCON.com] <br /> [http://www.iskcon.id ISKCON.id]
|remarks =
}}
{{Waisnawa}}
'''Masyarakat Internasional Kesadaran Kresna''' ([[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]: ''International Society for Krishna Consciousness''; '''ISKCON'''), juga dikenal sebagai '''Gerakan Hare Krishna''', adalah organisasi keagamaan gerakan [[agama Hindu|Hindu]] [[Gaudiya Waisnawa|Gaudiya]] [[Waisnawa]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Gibson |2002|p=4}}</ref> didirikan pada tahun [[1966]] di [[kota New York
|first = Klaus|last = Klostermaier
|author-link = Oxford University
|title = A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism
|url = https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000klos|place = Oxford
|publisher = Oneworld Publications
|year = 1998
|isbn = 1-85168-175-2
|ref = harv
|postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> di mana keduanya—menurut sudut pandang tradisional Hindu—berdasarkan kejadian lebih dari 5.000 tahun lalu. Tampilan khas gerakan ini dan budayanya berasal dari tradisi [[Gaudiya Waisnawa]], yang memiliki pengikut di [[India]] sejak akhir [[abad ke-15]] dan [[konversi agama|konversi]] di [[Dunia Barat]] sejak awal [[1930-an]].<ref>[http://www.sadananda.com/home/ Sandananda.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110232406/http://www.sadananda.com/home/ |date=2010-11-10 }} dedicated to direct western disciples of [[Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura]] [http://www.sadananda.com/home/pdf/bioe.pdf Sadananda.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626073920/http://www.sadananda.com/home/pdf/bioe.pdf |date=2008-06-26 }}</ref>
Dengan paham [[nonsektarian]] dalam cita-citanya,<ref>[http://www.prabhupadavani.org/Conversations/Text/004.html Prabhupadavani.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110021014/http://www.prabhupadavani.org/Conversations/Text/004.html |date=2010-11-10 }}, August 22, 1976 Conversation "ISKCON, which is a worldwide nonsectarian movement dedicated to propagating the message of the Vedas for the benefit of mankind."</ref> ISKCON dibentuk untuk menyebarkan praktik [[bhakti yoga]] (pemujaan kepada [[Tuhan]]), di mana calon umat (''bhakta'') mendedikasikan pikiran dan tindakan mereka dengan melayani [[Swayam Bhagawan|Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa]], [[Kresna|Dewa Kresna]].<ref>[http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/28/en1 srimadbhagavatam.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123024056/http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/28/en1 |date=2013-01-23 }}, Bhag.Purana 1.3.28, "All of the above-mentioned incarnations are either plenary portions or portions of the plenary portions of the Lord, but Lord Sri Krishna is the original Personality of Godhead."</ref><ref name = Guy>{{Harvnb|Guy|2005|p=39|loc=page 39 'According to Orthodox Gaudiya. Krishnas svarupa, or true form manifests in three ways. His svayam-rupa or transcendent form is self-existent, not dependent on anything. His tadekatma rupa is identical in essence to his true form, though it differs in appearance (and would include such forms of Krishna as Narayana and Vasudeva). His avesa form has Krishna appearing though in varying degrees of possession'}}</ref> Pada masa kini, ISKCON merupakan konfederasi internasional dengan lebih dari 400 pusat, termasuk 60 komunitas pertanian (beberapa bertujuan untuk swasembada), 50 sekolah dan 90 restoran. Pada [[dasawarsa]] sekarang, ekspansi gerakan ini yang paling cepat dalam hal jumlah keanggotaan ada di [[Eropa Timur]] (terutama sejak runtuhnya [[Uni Soviet]]) dan [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://directory.krishna.com |title=Directory of ISKCON |publisher=Directory.krishna.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Cole Dwayer|2007|p=38}}</ref>
== ISKCON di Indonesia ==
Pada 1 Januari 2002, didirikan SAKKHI (Sampradaya Kesadaran Krishna Indonesia) untuk bertindak sebagai perantara antara pihak anggota perkumpulan yang jumlahnya terus bertambah dengan Dewan Hindu Dharma di Indonesia (Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia).<ref name="Popov">{{Harvnb|Popov|2017|p=78–79}}</ref>
Pada tahun 2015, SAKKHI berubah menjadi sebuah badan hukum dan terdaftar di Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia sebagai "Perkumpulan ''International Society for Krishna Consciousness'' (ISKCON)".<ref name="Popov" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Perkumpulan ISKCON di Indonesia |url=https://www.iskcon.id/perkumpulan-iskcon-di-indonesia.html |website=Iskcon.id |access-date=2020-08-10 |archive-date=2020-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813232524/https://iskcon.id/perkumpulan-iskcon-di-indonesia.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== Kontroversi ==
Keberadaan pengikut ISKCON di Indonesia, terutama Bali menuai polemik di kalangan masyarakat adat, hingga terjadi aksi damai penolakan Hare Krishna yang dilaksanakan Senin, 3 Agustus 2020 di Monumen Bajra sandhi.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Nusa Bali|title=Forkom Taksu Bali Gelar Aksi Damai Tolak Hare Krishna|url=https://www.nusabali.com/berita/78585/forkom-taksu-bali-gelar-aksi-damai-tolak-hare-krishna|website=nusabali.com|access-date=2020-08-10}}</ref>
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 60 ⟶ 68:
|ref =harv
|postscript =<!--None-->}}
* {{cite book|author=Lynne Gibson|title=Modern World Religions: Hinduism – Pupil Book Core (Modern World Religions)|url=https://archive.org/details/hinduism0000gibs_q9z4|publisher=Heinemann Educational Publishers|location=Oxford (England)|year=2002|isbn=0-435-33619-3 }}
* {{Cite book
|first = E. Burke|last = Rochford
|author-link = NYU Press
|title = Hare Krishna Transformed
|url = https://archive.org/details/harekrishnatrans0000roch|year = 2007
|year = 2007▼
|page = [https://archive.org/details/harekrishnatrans0000roch/page/249 249]
|isbn = 0814775799
|ref = harv
|postscript = <!--None-->}}
* {{Cite journal
| last =
| first = Larry
| author-link = Larry Shinn
Baris 81 ⟶ 89:
| journal = ISKCON Communications Journal
| url = http://content.iskcon.com/icj/2_1/shinn.html
| ref =
| postscript =
| access-date = 2010-12-17
| archive-date = 2013-01-03
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103082938/http://content.iskcon.com/icj/2_1/shinn.html
| dead-url = yes
}}
* {{Cite book
|first = dasa Goswami|last = Satsvarupa
Baris 97 ⟶ 110:
|author-link =Steven J. Rosen
|title = Vaisnavism: Contemporary Scholars Discuss the Gaudiya Tradition
|url = https://archive.org/details/vaiavismcontempo0000unse|place = New York
|publisher = Folk Books
|year = 1992
Baris 107 ⟶ 120:
|author-link =Klaus Klostermaier
|title = A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism
|url = https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000klos|place = Oxford
|publisher = Oneworld Publications
|year = 1998
Baris 117 ⟶ 130:
|author-link = Oxford University
|title = Hinduism for Our Times
|url = https://archive.org/details/hinduismforourti0000shar|place = New Delhi
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|year = 1996
Baris 127 ⟶ 140:
|author-link =Klaus Klostermaier
|title = Hinduism: A Short History
|url = https://archive.org/details/hinduismshorthis0000klos|place = Oxford
|publisher = Oneworld Publications
|year = 2000
|isbn = 1-85168-213-9
|ref = harv
|postscript = <!--None-->}}
* {{Cite book
|first = Igor |last = Popov
|author-link = <!--None-->
|title = Buku rujukan semua aliran dan perkumpulan agama di Indonesia
|url = http://indonesiafaiths.blogspot.com/p/book-index.html |place = Singaraja
|publisher = Toko Buku Indra Jaya
|isbn = <!--None-->
|ref = harv
|postscript = <!--None-->}}
{{Gerakan reformasi Hindu}}
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[[Kategori:Organisasi keagamaan]]
Baris 141 ⟶ 163:
[[Kategori:Sekte Hindu]]
[[Kategori:Waisnawa]]
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