HMS Repulse (1916): Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:HMS ''Repulse'' (1916)}}
[[Berkas:Repulse-5.jpg|jmpl|HMS ''Repulse'', kemungkinan pada akhir 1930-an melihat desain tripod pasca rekonstruksi.]]
'''HMS ''Repulse''''' adalah [[Kapal penjelajah tempur kelas{{sclass |Renown|kapal penjelajah tempur|1}} kelas ''Renown'']] darimilik [[Angkatan Laut Britania Raya]] dibangun selama Perang Dunia I. Awalnya ditetapkan sebagai salah satu anggota [[Kapal tempur kelas Revenge|kapal tempur kelas ''Revenge'']], konstruksinya diberhentikan ketika pecahnya perang karena ''Repulse'' dianggap tidak akan siap dalam waktu dekat. [[John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher|Laksamana Lord Fisher]] , setelah menjadi [[First Sea Lord]] , memperoleh persetujuan untuk memulai kembali konstruksinya sebagai kapal penjelajah tempur bersama ''Renown'' yang dapat dibangun dan segera bertugas. [[Director of Naval Construction|Direktur Konstruksi Angkatan Laut]] (DNC), [[Eustace Tennyson-D'Eyncourt]] , dengan cepat menghasilkan desain yang baru untuk memenuhi persyaratan yang diberikan Lord Fisher dan para pembangun setuju untuk mengirimkan kedua kapal dalam 15 bulan. Mereka gagal memenuhi target ambisius itu, tetapi ''Repulse'' berhasil dikirimdiselesaikan beberapa bulan setelah [[Pertempuran Jutlandia|Pertempuran Jutland]] pada tahun 1916.<ref name="b94">Burt 1986, p. 294</ref> ''Repulse'', dan saudaranyasaudarinya [[HMS Renown|HMS ''Renown'']], adalah [[Capital ship|kapal utama]] tercepat di dunia pada waktu itu.
 
''Repulse'' berpartisipasi dalam [[Pertempuran Heligoland Bight Kedua]] pada tahun 1917; satu-satunya pertempuran yang ia ikuti selama perang. Dia direkonstruksi dua kali pada masa antarperang; rekonstruksi tahun 1920-an meningkatkan proteksi dan membuat perbaikan lain yang kecil, sedangkan rekonstruksi 1930-an jauh lebih menyeluruh. ''Repulse'' menemani [[{{HMS |Hood (|51)|HMS ''Hood'']]6}} selama [[Cruise of the Special Service Squadron|pelayaran keliling dunia]] ''Special Service Squadron'' [[Cruise of the Special Service Squadron|pada 1923–24]] dan melindungi pelayaran perdagangan internasional selama [[Perang Saudara Spanyol]] pada 1936–1939.<ref>Burt 1993, pp. 221, 224</ref>
 
''Repulse'' menghabiskan bulan-bulan pertama Perang Dunia Kedua untuk memburu penjarah Jerman dan pelari blokade. Dia berpartisipasi dalam [[Kampanye Norwegia]] pada bulan April – Juni 1940 dan pencarian [[Kapal tempur Jerman Bismarck|kapal tempur ''Bismarck'']]<nowiki/> pada tahun 1941.<ref>Burt 1993, pp. 224–25</ref> ''Repulse'' mengawal konvoi pasukan sekutu di sekitar [[Tanjung Harapan]] dari Agustus hingga Oktober 1941 dan dipindahkan ke [[East Indies Command|Komando Hindia Timur]] . Dia ditugaskan pada November dengan [[Force Z]] yang berupaya mencegah agresi Jepang terhadap posesi kolonial milik Inggris di Asia Timur. ''Repulse'' bersama [[{{HMS |Prince of Wales (|53)|HMS6}} akhirnya [[Penenggelaman ''Prince of Wales'']] akhirnyadan Repulse|ditenggelamkan oleh pesawat Jepang]] pada 10 Desember 1941 ketika mereka mencoba untuk mencegat pendaratan di [[Malaya Britania|Malaya]].<ref>Shores, et al., pp. 120–21</ref>
[[Berkas:HMS Repulse (1919) profile drawing.png|jmpl|Desain kapal kelas ''Renown'']]
 
== Kutipan ==
{{reflist}}
== Referensi ==
* {{cite book|last=Brooks|first=John|title=Dreadnought Gunnery and the Battle of Jutland: The Question of Fire Control|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire|year=2005|series=Naval Policy and History|volume=32|isbn=0-415-40788-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Burt|first=R. A.|title=British Battleships, 1919–1939|url=https://archive.org/details/britishbattleshi0000burt_r4e6|year=1993|publisher=Arms and Armour Press|location=London|isbn=1-85409-068-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Burt|first=R. A.|title=British Battleships of World War One|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P9-EIZ-549|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1986|isbn=0-87021-863-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=N. J. M. |title=Battle Cruisers: The Design and Development of British and German Battlecruisers of the First World War Era |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=Greenwich |year=1978 |series=Warship Special |volume=I |isbn=0-85177-130-0}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.explorers.org/flag_reports/Flag_118_-_Kevin_Denlay_-_Update.pdf|title=Expedition Job 74|last=Denlay|first=Kevin|year=2007|publisher=explorers.org|accessdate=6 June 2013|archive-date=2017-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015203117/https://explorers.org/flag_reports/Flag_118_-_Kevin_Denlay_-_Update.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Haarr|first=Geirr H.|title=The Battle for Norway: April–June 1940|year=2010|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|isbn=978-1-59114-051-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Haarr|first=Geirr H.|title=The German Invasion of Norway: April 1940|url=https://archive.org/details/germaninvasionof00geir|year=2009|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|isbn=978-1-59114-310-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=Naval Operations|series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents|volume=V|year=1996 |orig-year=1931|publisher=Battery Press|location=Nashville, TN|edition=repr.|isbn=0-89839-255-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Parkes|first=Oscar|title=British Battleships|url=https://archive.org/details/britishbattleshi0000park|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1990|orig-year=1957|edition=repr.|isbn=1-55750-075-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Raven |first=Alan |last2=Roberts |first2=John |title=British Battleships of World War Two: The Development and Technical History of the Royal Navy's Battleships and Battlecruisers from 1911 to 1946
|url=https://archive.org/details/britishbattleshi0000rave |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-87021-817-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=John |title=Battlecruisers |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=1997 |isbn=1-55750-068-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofwara0000rohw_v7p9|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3=Izawa|first3=Yasuho|title=Bloody Shambles: The Drift to War to the Fall of Singapore|volume=I|year=1992|publisher=Grub Street|location=London|isbn=0-948817-50-X}}
* {{cite book|last=Stephen|first=Martin|title=Sea Battles in Close-Up: World War 2|url=https://archive.org/details/seabattlesinclos00mart|year=1988|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-87021-556-6}}
 
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* Brown, Cecil. ''Suez to Singapore'', ([https://books.google.com/books?id=WAU1AAAAIAAJ&dq=Suez+to+SIngapore&pgis=1 Google Books]), Random House, New York: 1942, OCLC 396440.
* Hein, David. "Vulnerable: HMS 'Prince of Wales' in 1941". ''Journal of Military History'' Volume 77, no. 3 (July 2013): pp.&nbsp;955–989, ISSN 0899-3718.
* Horodyski, Joseph M. Military Heritage, December 2001, Volume 3, No. 3, pp.&nbsp;69–77 ISSN 1524-8666 (feature on the Repulse and its sinking)
* Middlebrook, Martin and Mahoney, Patrick ''Battleship: The Sinking of the Prince Of Wales and the Repulse'', Scribner's, New York, 1979, OCLC 5843076
* Alan Matthews, ''Sailors' Tales: Life Onboard HMS Repulse During World War Two'', Wrexham (1997) {{ISBN|0-9531217-0-4}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|HMS Repulse (ship, 1916)|{{PAGENAME}}}}
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/battleships/repulse_1916/hms_repulse_1916.htm Maritimequest HMS ''Repulse'' Photo Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220174912/http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/battleships/repulse_1916/hms_repulse_1916.htm |date=2020-02-20 }}
* [http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/ Force Z Survivors Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010175752/http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/ |date=2018-10-10 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007995 Wawancara dengan penyintas William Selby] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012072234/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007995 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008051 Wawancara dengan penyintas Reginald Wood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012070611/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008051 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80011082 Wawancara dengan penyintas Charles Rogers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012070617/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80011082 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007282 Wawancara dengan penyintas Reginald Jeffries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012070621/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007282 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007982 Wawancara dengan penyintas Frederick Bowen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012070627/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007982 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008699 Wawancara dengan penyintas Victor Clark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012070632/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008699 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008459 Wawancara dengan penyintas Richard Smith] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012072239/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008459 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008067 Wawancara dengan penyintas Robert Fraser] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012080635/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008067 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80009038 Wawancara dengan penyintas Richard Pool] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025120713/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80009038 |date=2015-10-25 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007981 Wawancara dengan penyintas Arthur Bartholomew] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012070740/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007981 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80016112 Wawancara dengan penyintas Eric Monaghan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503103735/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80016112 |date=2019-05-03 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80018689 Wawancara dengan penyintas Frank Claxton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012070754/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80018689 |date=2021-10-12 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008526 Wawancara dengan penyintas Douglas Davies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316012727/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008526 |date=2022-03-16 }}
 
{{kapal penjelajah tempur kelas Renown}}
 
[[Kategori:Kapal tahun 1916]]
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