Marie Colvin: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Marie Catherine Colvin''' (12 Januari 1956 – 22 Februari 2012) adalah wartawan Amerika Serikat yang bekerja sebagai koresponden luar negeri<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/25/libya.war/index.html|title=Witnesses: Libyan government forces shelling civilian areas of Misrata|first=|last=|date=25 April 2011|website=cnn.com|accessdate=2 November 2018}}</ref> di surat kabar Britania, ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', sejak tahun 1851985 sampai meninggal dunia. Ia meninggal dunia saat meliput [[pengepungan Homs]] di Suriah.

[[Universitas Stony Brook]] mendirikan Marie Colvin Center for International Reporting untuk mengenang jasa-jasanya. Keluarganya juga membentuk organisasi amal Marie Colvin Memorial Fund melalui Long Island Community Foundation sebagai bentuk penghormatan atas [[humanitarianisme]] Colvin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.licf.org/Donors/OurDonorsTheheartofLICF/MARIECOLVIN.aspx |title=Marie Colvin "A Woman of Valor" |website=Long Island Community Foundation |access-date=July 31, 2015 |archive-date=2016-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221073712/http://www.licf.org/Donors/OurDonorsTheheartofLICF/MARIECOLVIN.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pada Juli 2016, pengacara keluarga Colvin mengajukan gugatan sipil terhadap pemerintah [[Republik Arab Suriah]] setelah mendapatkan bukti bahwa pemerintah Suriah secara langsung memerintahkan pembunuhan Colvin. Hakim menyatakan pemerintah Suriah bersalah atas pembunuhannya pada awal 2019 dan keluarga Colvin menerima ganti rugi sebesar $302 juta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47082088|title=Syria found liable for US reporter's death|date=January 31, 2019|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>

== Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan ==

== Karier ==

Colvin sempat bekerja untuk serikat pekerja di [[New York City]] sebelum merintis karier jurnalismenya di [[United Press International]] (UPI), satu tahun setelah lulus dari Yale.<ref>{{cite news |title=Highway to the Danger Zone |first=Sherry |last=Ricchiardi |url=http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=746 |newspaper=[[American Journalism Review]] |date=April 2000 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223144924/http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=746 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ia bekerja di UPI cabang [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], lalu pindah ke New York dan Washington. Pada tahun 1984, Colvin diangkat sebagai manajer biro UPI Paris, kemudian pindah ke ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' tahun 1985.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |title=Recalling Her Determined Daughter, a Journalist Killed in Syria |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/nyregion/marie-colvin-mother-recalls-determined-journalist-killed-in-syria.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 22, 2012}}</ref>

Sejak 1986, ia menjabat sebagai koresponden Timur Tengah. Tahun 1995, ia ditunjuk sebagai koresponden luar negeri. Tahun 1986, ia menjadi orang pertama yang mewawancarai pemimpin Libya, [[Muammar Gaddafi]], usai [[Pengeboman Libya (1986)|Operasi El Dorado Canyon]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Miller |first=Judith |title=God has Ninety-Nine Names: Reporting from a Militant Middle East |url=https://archive.org/details/godhasninetynine00mill_0 |location=New York |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1997 |page=[https://archive.org/details/godhasninetynine00mill_0/page/232 232] |isbn=0-684-83228-3}}</ref> Dalam wawancara ini, Gaddafi mengatakan bahwa ia sedang berada di rumah ketika pesawat tempur AS mengebom Tripoli pada April 1986 dan ia ikut menyelamatkan istri dan anak-anaknya ketika rumahnya runtuh. Gaddafi juga mengatakan bahwa rekonsiliasi antara Libya dan Amerika Serikat mustahil dilakukan apabila Ronald Reagan masih menjabat sebagai presiden. Katanya, "Saya tidak mau berkomentar tentang dia ([[Ronald Reagan]]) karena dia gila. Dia bodoh. Dia antek Israel."

Selain Timur Tengah, Colvin juga meliput konflik di [[Chechnya]], [[Kosovo]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Sri Lanka]], dan [[Timor Leste]]. Pada tahun 1999, ia menyelamatkan 1.500 perempuan dan anak-anak Timor Leste dari sebuah bangunan yang dikepung oleh serdadu bekingan Indonesia.<ref name="Guardianobit"/> Ia tidak mau meninggalkan mereka dan bertahan bersama pasukan PBB. Liputannya diterbitkan di surat kabar dan dan disiarkan di televisi.<ref>{{Cite nameweb|url="Guardianobit"https://lithub.com/on-the-tenacity-and-bravery-of-a-great-journalist/|title=On the Tenacity and Bravery of a Great Journalist|date=2018-11-12|website=Literary Hub|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-19}}</ref> Mereka dievakuasi empat hari kemudian. Colvin dianugerahi penghargaan [[International Women's Media Foundation]] atas keberaniannya dalam meliput konflik Kosovo dan Chechnya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Woman Journalist Gets Her Story: In Spite of Grenade Attack, Marie Colvin Files Her Report |url=http://www.antonnews.com/oysterbayenterprisepilot/2001/04/27/news/colvin.html |newspaper=[[Anton Media Group|Anton News]] |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |first=Dagmar Fors |last=Karppi |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225055903/http://www.antonnews.com/oysterbayenterprisepilot/2001/04/27/news/colvin.html |archivedate=February 25, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Veteran Sunday Times journalist Marie Colvin 'killed in heavy shelling in Syria' just hours after broadcast on ITN News At Ten |first=Charles |last=Walford |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2104711/Marie-Colvin-dead-Journalist-killed-Homs-Syria-hours-ITN-News-At-Ten-broadcast.html |newspaper=[[Mail Online]] |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Marie Colvin killed in Syria: life and times of distinguished war correspondent |first=Alex |last=Spillius |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9098180/Marie-Colvin-killed-in-Syria-life-and-times-of-distinguished-war-correspondent.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK}}</ref> Ia menulis dan memproduseri beberapa film dokumenter, termasuk ''Arafat: Behind the Myth'' di BBC.<ref>{{cite web |title=Death of Marie Colvin, American journalist of war |first=Nazish |last=Fatima |url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/11570335-death-of-marie-colvin-american-journalist-of-war |date=February 22, 2012 |website=AllVoices.com |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> Ia diwawancarai dalam film dokumenter ''[[Bearing Witness]]'' tahun 2005.

Colvin kehilangan penglihatan di mata kirinya akibat terkena ledakan [[granat berpeluncur roket]] (RPG) [[Angkatan Darat Sri Lanka]] pada 16 April 2001. Waktu itu ia sedang menyeberang dari daerah yang diduduki [[Macan Pembebasan Tamil Eelam|Macan Tamil]] ke daerah yang dikuasai pemerintah. Sejak saat itu, ia memakai [[penutup mata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/peter-popham-prabhakaran-talked-of-peace-but-the-man-i-met-was-doomed-to-die-in-action-1687198.html|title=Peter Popham: Prabhakaran talked of peace. But the man I met was|author=|date=|website=independent.co.uk|accessdate=2 November 2018|archive-date=2019-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418110733/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/peter-popham-prabhakaran-talked-of-peace-but-the-man-i-met-was-doomed-to-die-in-action-1687198.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/paul-conroy-marie-colvin-syria-homs-war-photographer-ptsd-free-syrian-army-a8520576.html|title=War photographer Paul Conroy on working with Marie Colvin, the formidable journalist killed in Syria|author=|date=|website=independent.co.uk|accessdate=2 November 2018}}</ref>

Colvin diserang setelah meneriakkan "''journalist, journalist!''" ketika sedang meliput [[Perang Saudara Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hodgson |first=Jessica |title=Sunday Times journalist may lose sight |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/apr/18/sundaytimes.pressandpublishing |newspaper=The Guardian |date=April 18, 2001 |location=London, UK}}</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite news |title=Syria: Sunday Times journalist Marie Colvin 'killed in Homs' |first=Murray |last=Wardrop |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9097762/Syria-Sunday-Times-journalist-Marie-Colvin-killed-in-Homs.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Walt |first=Vivienne |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2107394,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |title=Syria: War Reporter Marie Colvin and Photographer Rémi Ochlik Are Killed |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222173424/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2107394,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="ausmcmay09"/> Dalam wawancara dengan [[Lindsey Hilsum]] di ''[[Channel 4 News]]'', ia menceritakan bahwa penyerangnya sengaja menyasar dirinya.<ref name="my friend">{{cite web |last=Hilsum |first=Lindsey |authorlink=Lindsey Hilsum |url=http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/my-friend-marie-colvin/20408 |title=My friend, Marie Colvin |website=World News Blog |publisher=Channel 4 |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 24, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225025243/http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/my-friend-marie-colvin/20408 |archivedate=February 25, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Meski terluka parah, Colvin yang saat itu berusia 44 tahun masih menyempatkan diri menulis dan mengirim artikel 3.000 kata tepat waktu.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tigers-begged-me-to-broker-surrender-5pv2dm7x3nn |title=Tigers begged me to broker surrender |last=Colvin |first=Marie |date=May 24, 2009 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> Ia berjalan kurang lebih 50 &nbsp;km melintasi hutan [[Vanni (Sri Lanka)|Vanni]] didampingi pemandu Tamil untuk menghindari tentara pemerintah. Ia melaporkan bencana kemanusiaan di kawasan Tamil utara, termasuk pemutusan pasokan makanan dan obat-obatan oleh pemerintah dan larangan peliputan perang oleh wartawan asing di sana selama enam tahun.<ref name=Guardianobit/><ref name="ausmcmay09"/><ref name="my friend"/> Colvin kemudian menderita [[gangguan tekanan pascatrauma]] (PTSD) dan dirawat di rumah sakit. Ia menjadi saksi mata dan penengah menjelang berakhirnya perang di Sri Lanka. Ia melaporkan [[dugaan kejahatan perang pada Perang Saudara Sri Lanka|kejahatan perang]] terhadap [[suku Tamil Sri Lanka|suku Tamil]] saat itu.<ref name="ausmcmay09">{{cite news |last=Colvin |first=Marie |title=Slain Tamil chiefs were promised safety |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/slain-tamil-chiefs-were-promised-safety/story-e6frg6t6-1225715467354 |newspaper=The Australian |date=May 25, 2009 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> Beberapa hari kemudian, pemerintah Sri Lanka mengizinkan wartawan asing masuk ke daerah yang diduduki pemberontak. Direktur penerangan pemerintah, Ariya Rubasinghe, menyatakan, "Wartawan boleh masuk. Kami tidak melarang mereka, tetapi mereka harus menyadari dan menerima risikonya."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2001/Sri-Lanka-To-Allow-Press-into-Areas/id-746d7b80f2b668bab76964e40e03fa42 |title=Sri Lanka To Allow Press Into Areas |date=April 22, 2001 |website=Associated Press |access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref>

== Kehidupan pribadi ==

== Kematian dan warisan ==

Pada Februari 2012, Colvin masuk ke Suriah dengan membonceng sepeda motor [[motocross]]. Ia tidak peduli dengan upaya pemerintah Suriah yang mencegah wartawan asing masuk tanpa izin untuk meliput [[perang saudara Suriah]]. Colvin ditempatkan di distrik [[Baba Amr]] barat di kota [[Homs]]. Ia menyampaikan siaran terakhir pada sore tanggal 21 Februari ke [[BBC]], [[Channel 4]], [[CNN]], dan [[ITN News]] via [[telepon satelit]].<ref name="DM killed"/> Ia menggambarkan serangan granat dan penembak runduk "tanpa ampun" oleh pasukan Suriah terhadap rumah-rumah warga sipil dan orang-orang di jalanan.<ref name="Guardianobit"/> Dalam wawancara langsung dengan [[Anderson Cooper]], Colvin menyebut pengeboman Homs sebagai konflik terburuk yang pernah dialami seumur hidupnya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Video: Marie Colvin's last call to CNN |url=http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/22/video-journalist-syrias-government-lies/ |date=February 22, 2012 |website=CNN |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2012-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223114025/http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/22/video-journalist-syrias-government-lies/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

[[FileBerkas:Bayeux - Mémorial des Reporters 5.JPG|thumbnailjmpl|Marie Colvin, Mémorial des Reporters, [[Bayeux]].]]

Colvin meninggal dunia pada tanggal 22 Februari 2012 bersama juru foto [[Rémi Ochlik]].<ref name=Guardianobit>{{cite news |last=Greenslade |first=Roy |authorlink=Roy Greenslade |title=Marie Colvin obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/feb/22/marie-colvin |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK |accessdate=February 25, 2012}}</ref> Autopsi oleh pemerintah Suriah di Damaskus mengungkapkan bahwa Colvin tewas akibat ledakan "[[bom rakitan]] berisi [[paku]]."<ref name="algeria.isp">{{cite news |url=http://www.algeria-isp.com/actualites/politique-syrie/201203-A9077/syrie-verite-sur-mort-journaliste-americaine-marie-colvin-mars-2012.html |title=Syrie&nbsp;– La vérité sur la mort de la journaliste américaine Marie Colvin |date=March 5, 2012 |website=Algeria ISP |language=French |accessdate=March 7, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327044423/http://www.algeria-isp.com/actualites/politique-syrie/201203-A9077/syrie-verite-sur-mort-journaliste-americaine-marie-colvin-mars-2012.html |archivedate=March 27, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Pemerintah Suriah mengklaim bom tersebut diletakkan oleh teroris pada 22 Februari saat melarikan diri dari [[Ali Mahmoud Othman#Baba Amro News|kantor berita tidak resmi]] yang [[pengeboman Homs Februari 2012|dibom granat]] oleh [[Angkatan Darat Suriah]].<ref name=telegraph/><ref>{{cite news |title=Two Western Journalists Killed in Syria Shelling |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/middleeast/marie-colvin-and-remi-ochlik-journalists-killed-in-syria.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 22, 2012 |first=Rod |last=Nordland |first2=Alan |last2=Cowell }}</ref><ref name=telegraph/><ref>{{cite web |title='Foreign journalists killed' in Homs shelling |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/02/201222291445322238.html |website=Al Jazeera |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Veteran war reporter Marie Colvin killed in Syria |url=http://www.channel4.com/news/veteran-war-reporter-marie-colvin-killed-in-syria |website=Channel 4 |location=UK |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> Klaim ini dibantah oleh juru foto [[Paul Conroy (wartawan)|Paul Conroy]] yang saat itu bersama Colvin dan Ochlik dan selamat dari serangan tersebut. Conroy bercerita bahwa Colvin dan Ochlik sedang bersiap-siap menyelamatkan diri ketika kantor beritanya diserang artileri Suriah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/07/09/marie-colvin-s-family-blames-assad-for-her-death.html |title=Marie Colvin's Family Blames Assad for Her Death |last=Wood |first=Paul |date=July 9, 2016 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=July 10, 2016}}</ref>

Wartawan [[Jean-Pierre Perrin]] dan berbagai sumber melaporkan bahwa gedung tersebut disasar oleh Angkatan Darat Suriah dengan melacak sinyal telepon satelit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/war-reporter-marie-colvin-was-tracked-targeted-and-killed-by-assads-forces-family-says/2016/07/09/62968844-453a-11e6-88d0-6adee48be8bc_story.html |archive-url= |dead-url= |date=July 9, 2016 |archive-date= |accessdate=2 November 2018 |title=War reporter Marie Colvin was tracked, targeted and killed by Assad’s forces, family says |script-title= |trans-title= |last= Priest |first= Dana |website=The Washington Post |quote= }} </ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Marie Colvin: Britain summons Syria ambassador over killing |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9098511/Marie-Colvin-Britain-summons-Syria-ambassador-over-killing.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |first1=Nabila |last1=Ramdani |first2=Peter |last2=Allen |location=London, UK}}</ref> Tim wartawan sudah berencana menyelamatkan diri beberapa jam sebelumnya.<ref name="my friend" />

Pada malam hari tanggal 22 Februari 2012, warga Homs turun ke jalan untuk mengenang Colvin dan Ochlik. Media massa dan politikus di seluruh dunia memberi penghormatan terakhir untuk Colvin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian activists pay tribute to journalists Marie Colvin and Remi Ochlik killed in Homs |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9100272/Syrian-activists-pay-tribute-to-journalists-Marie-Colvin-and-Remi-Ochlik-killed-in-Homs.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=February 23, 2012 |accessdate=February 24, 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-date=2018-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192436/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9100272/Syrian-activists-pay-tribute-to-journalists-Marie-Colvin-and-Remi-Ochlik-killed-in-Homs.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17127722 |title=Tributes paid to Sunday Times reporter Marie Colvin |website=BBC News |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=March 2, 2012}}</ref>

Colvin saat itu juga membawa barang-barang pribadinya, termasuk ransel berisi kebutuhan dasar dan draf buku 387 halaman yang ditulis oleh teman lamanya, [[Gerald Weaver]]. Adik Colvin, Cathleen 'Cat' Colvin, bersama Sean Ryan, redaktur luar negeri ''The Sunday Times'', membantu penerbitan buku ini.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/media/2015/06/marie-colvin-her-yale-sweetheart-remembers |title=Marie Colvin: her Yale sweetheart remembers |first=Philip |last=Maughan |date=June 4, 2015 |magazine=[[New Statesman]] |accessdate=October 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/MarieColvin/article1522261.ece |title=Book boost to Colvin fund |first=Alan |last=Copps |date=February 22, 2015 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |accessdate=October 24, 2018 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074700/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/MarieColvin/article1522261.ece |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

Pada Juli 2016, Cat Colvin mengajukan gugatan sipil terhadap pemerintah Republik Arab Suriah atas pembunuhan ilegal dan mengklaim bahwa ia memegang bukti bahwa pemerintah Suriah memerintahkan pembunuhan Colvin secara langsung.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/war-reporter-marie-colvin-was-tracked-targeted-and-killed-by-assads-forces-family-says/2016/07/09/62968844-453a-11e6-88d0-6adee48be8bc_story.html |title=War reporter Marie Colvin was tracked, targeted and killed by Assad's forces, family says |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=July 10, 2016}}</ref> Pada April 2018, tuduhan tersebut diungkap dalam berkas pengadilan yang diajukan oleh keluarganya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-43711617 |title=Syria 'assassinated reporter Marie Colvin' |date=April 10, 2018 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Pada bulan Januari 2019, pengadilan Amerika Serikat memutuskan bahwa pemerintah Suriah bersalah atas kematian Colvin dan menjatuhkan denda sebesar $300 juta. Hakim menyatakan bahwa Colvin "sengaja disasar karena profesinya [sebagai wartawan] dengan tujuan membungkam orang-orang yang melaporkan berkembangnya gerakan oposisi di negara tersebut. Pembunuhan wartawan dalam kapasitas profesional memiliki dampak buruk terhadap peliputan peristiwa-peristiwa serpaserupa di seluruh dunia. Pembunuhan berencana terhadap seorang warga negara Amerika Serikat, yang karya-karyanya sangat penting dan memperluas pemahaman kita tentang zona perang dan perang secara umum, sungguh tidak beradab. Karena itu, pengadilan menjatuhkan denda yang sekiranya dapat menghukum negara yang bertanggung jawab."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/jan/31/us-court-finds-assad-regime-liable-marie-colvin-death-homs-syria|title=US court finds Assad regime liable for Marie Colvin's death in Syria|first=Owen Bowcott Legal affairs|last=correspondent|date=January 31, 2019|publisher=|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channel4.com/news/series-2-episode-16-paul-conroy|title=Series 2, Episode 16: Paul Conroy|website=Channel 4 News|access-date=2019-03-16|archive-date=2019-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422193945/https://www.channel4.com/news/series-2-episode-16-paul-conroy|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

== Penghargaan ==

== Lihat pula ==

== Referensi ==

== Bacaan lanjutan ==

* {{cite book |last=Mills |first=Eleanor |year=2005 |chapter=Marie Colvin, 1957– |title=Cupcakes and Kalashnikovs: 100 Years of the Best Journalism by Women |url=https://archive.org/details/cupcakeskalashni0000unse |location=London, UK |publisher=Constable |isbn=1-84529-165-4 |pages=152f }}

== Pranala luar ==

* {{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/news/article874796.ece#prev |title=Final dispatch from Homs, the battered city |last=Colvin |first=Marie |date=February 19, 2012 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2013-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312233948/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/news/article874796.ece#prev |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/middleeast/marie-colvin-and-remi-ochlik-journalists-killed-in-syria.html |title=Two Western Journalists Killed in Syria Shelling |last1=Nordland |first1=Rod |last2=Cowell |first2=Alan |date=February 22, 2012 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}

* {{cite web |url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/4461#Marie |title=Marie Colvin: The uncrowned Queen of Intrepid Journalists |last=Jeyaraj |first=D.B.S. |date=February 24, 2012 |website=DBSJeyaraj.com |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2018-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812022656/http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/4461#Marie |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/nyregion/marie-colvin-reporter-killed-in-syria-is-mourned-at-funeral.html |title=At Funeral, Recalling Many Sides of Reporter |last=Nir |first=Sarah Maslin |date=March 13, 2012 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}

* {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/dec/23/marie-colvin-obituary-jeremy-bowen |title=The consummate war reporter, Colvin was kind, funny, brave and empathetic |last=Bowen |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Bowen |date=December 22, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}

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