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[[File:Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg|220x124px|thumb|right|Palu-Arit Merupakan Salah Satu Simbol yang Melambangkan Komunisme.]]'''Komunisme''' ({{lang-la|communis}})<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Communism|encyclopedia=Britannica Encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/129104/communism}}</ref><ref>''World Book'' 2008, hal. 890.</ref> adalah ideologi yang berkenaan dengan filsafat, politik, sosial, dan ekonomi yang tujuan utamanya menciptakan masyarakat dengan aturan sosial ekonomi berdasarkan [[kepemilikan bersama]] [[alat produksi]] dan tidak adanya [[kelas sosial]], uang,<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm ''Principles of Communism''], Frederick Engels, 1847, Bagian ke-18. "Akhirnya, saat semua modal, produksi, pertukaran dipegang bersama oleh segenap bangsa, kepemilikan pribadi akan menghilang, uang akan jadi sesuatu yang tidak perlu, dan produksi berkembang sehingga masyarakat akan lepas dari kebiasaan ekonomi yang dulu-dulu."</ref><ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/03.htm ''The ABC of Communism''], Nikoli Bukharin, 1920, Bagian ke-20</ref> dan negara.<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/03.htm ''The ABC of Communism''], Nikoli Bukharin, 1920, Bagian ke-21</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Political Science|url=http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-encyclopedia-of-political-science|doi=10.4135/9781608712434 |editor=George Thomas Kurian|publisher=CQ Press|date=2011|ISBN=9781933116440|chapter=Withering Away of the State|accessdate=3 Januari 2016}}</ref>
== Dasar ideologi ==
Istilah komunisme sering dicampuradukkan dengan [[Komunis Internasional]]. Komunisme atau [[Marxisme]] adalah ideologi dasar yang umumnya digunakan oleh [[partai komunis]] di seluruh dunia. Sedangkan komunisme internasional merupakan racikan ideologi ini berasal dari pemikiran [[Lenin]] sehingga dapat pula disebut "Marxisme–Leninisme".
Dalam komunisme, perubahan sosial harus dimulai dari pengambil alihan alat-alat produksi melalui peran
Komunisme sebagai anti
== Komunisme internasional ==
Komunisme internasional sebagai teori ideologi mulai diterapkan setelah meletusnya [[Revolusi Bolshevik]] di Rusia tanggal 7 November 1917. Sejak saat itu komunisme diterapkan sebagai sebuah ideologi dan disebarluaskan ke negara lain. Pada tahun 2005, negara yang masih menganut paham komunis adalah Tiongkok, Vietnam, Korea Utara, [[Kuba]] dan Laos. Komunisme internasional adalah teori yang dicetuskan oleh [[Karl Marx]].
== Maoisme ==
Ideologi komunisme di Tiongkok agak lain daripada dengan Marxisme-Leninisme yang diadopsi bekas
==
Banyak orang yang mengira komunisme "mati" setelah [[Revolusi 1989]] yang berakhir pada bubarnya Uni Soviet dua tahun kemudian, yang diawali dengan keputusan Presiden [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. Namun demikian, setelah [[pembubaran Uni Soviet|runtuhnya Uni Soviet]] dan [[disintegrasi Yugoslavia|pecahnya Yugoslavia]], terdapat beberapa negara yang masih dipimpin oleh pemerintahan [[Marxisme–Leninisme|Marxis–Leninis]] dengan [[negara satu-partai|partai tunggal]]. Di antaranya adalah [[Kuba]], Laos, Vietnam, dan Tiongkok. Korea Utara menyebut ideologinya sebagai ''[[Juche]]'', yang mereka anggap sebagai perkembangan dari Marxisme–Leninisme. Meskipun demikian, Tiongkok,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-china-went-from-communist-to-capitalist-2015-10/?IR=T|title=How China went from communist to capitalist|newspaper=Business Insider|language=en|access-date=14 Juli 2017}}</ref> Laos,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/18/world/asia/18laos.html|title=Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos|last=Fuller|first=Thomas|date=17 September 2009|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=14 Juli 2017}}</ref> Vietnam,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/apr/22/vietnam-40-years-on-how-communist-victory-gave-way-to-capitalist-corruption|title=Vietnam 40 years on: how a communist victory gave way to capitalist corruption|last=Davies|first=Nick|date=22 April 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=14 Juli 2017}}</ref> dan Kuba telah mengubah sistem ekonominya menjadi lebih terbuka. [[Sosialisme di India|Di India]], komunis memimpin pemerintahan di tiga bagian negara. Sementara di Nepal, partai komunis menjadi mayoritas di parlemen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11057207&fsrc=nwl|title=The Maoists triumph|date=17 April 2008|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|access-date=14 Juli 2017}}</ref>
Partai-partai komunis dan Marxis-Leninis lainnya juga mendapat kursi dalam parlemen di berbagai negara, walaupun tidak memimpin pemerintahan. Di antaranya [[Partai Komunis Jepang]], [[Partai Komunis Federasi Rusia|Federasi Rusia]], [[Partai Komunis Venezuela|Venezuela]], dan [[Maki (partai politik)|Israel]].
==
* [[Parti Komunis Malaya]]
* [[Partai Komunis Indonesia]]
* [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]]
* [[Manifesto Komunis]]
* [[Saminisme]]
==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjut ==
{{Library resources box|onlinebooks=yes}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Adami |editor-first1=Stefano |editor-last2=Marrone |editor-first2=G. |date=2006 |title=Communism |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies |edition=1st |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-57958-390-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Daniels |first=Robert Vincent |author-link=Robert Vincent Daniels |date=1994 |title=A Documentary History of Communism and the World: From Revolution to Collapse |url=https://archive.org/details/documentaryhisto0000unse_r2e7 |publisher=[[University Press of New England]] |isbn=978-0-87451-678-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Daniels |first=Robert Vincent |author-link=Robert Vincent Daniels |date=2007 |title=The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-30010-649-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Dean |first=Jodi |author-link=Jodi Dean |date=2012 |title=The Communist Horizon |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-84467-954-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Dirlik |first=Arif |date=1989 |title=Origins of Chinese Communism |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofchinese00dirl |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-505454-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Engels |first1=Friedrich |author-link1=Friedrich Engels |last2=Marx |first2=Karl |author-link2=Karl Marx |title=[[The Communist Manifesto]] |date=1998 |orig-date=1848 |edition=reprint |publisher=Signet Classics |isbn=978-0-451-52710-3}}
* {{cite journal |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Sheila |author-link=Sheila Fitzpatrick |date=2007 |title=Revisionism in Soviet History |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_history-and-theory_2007-12_46_4/page/77 |journal=[[History and Theory]] |volume=46 |number=4 |pages=77–91 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2303.2007.00429.x |jstor=4502285 |issn = 0018-2656}}. Historiographical essay that covers the scholarship of the three major schools: totalitarianism, revisionism, and post-revisionism.
* {{cite book |last=Forman |first=James D. |date=1972 |title=Communism: From Marx's Manifesto to 20th-century Reality |url=https://archive.org/details/communismfrommar0000form |publisher=Watts |isbn=978-0-531-02571-0}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Fuchs-Schündeln |first1=Nicola |last2=Schündeln |first2=Matthias |date=2020 |url=https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.34.2.172 |title=The Long-Term Effects of Communism in Eastern Europe |journal=[[Journal of Economic Perspectives]] |volume=34 |number=2 |pages=172–191 |doi=10.1257/jep.34.2.172|s2cid=219053421}}. ([https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdf/ PDF version])
* {{cite book |last=Furet |first=François |author-link=François Furet |translator-last=Kan |translator-first=D. |date=2000 |title=The Passing of An Illusion: The Idea of Communism In the Twentieth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/passingofillusio0000fran |edition=English |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-27341-9}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Fürst |editor-first1=Juliane |editor-last2=Pons |editor-first2=Silvio |editor-link2=:it:Silvio Pons |editor-last3=Selden |editor-first3=Mark |editor-link3=Mark Selden |date=2017 |chapter=Endgames? Late Communism in Global Perspective, 1968 to the Present |title=The Cambridge History of Communism |volume=3 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-31650-159-7}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Gerlach |editor-first1=Christian |editor-link1=Christian Gerlach |editor-last2=Six |editor-first2=Clemens |date=2020 |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Anti-Communist Persecutions |location= |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3030549657}}
* {{cite book |last=Gregor |first=A. J. |author-link=A. James Gregor |date=2014 |title=Marxism and the Making of China: A Doctrinal History |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-1-137-37949-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Henry |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Henry |translator-last=Davidson |translator-first=Scott |date=2014 |orig-date=1991 |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/from-communism-to-capitalism-9781472524317 |title=From Communism to Capitalism |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] |isbn=978-1-472-52431-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=Laybourn |first1=Keith |author-link1=Keith Laybourn |last2=Murphy |first2=Dylan |date=1999 |title=Under the Red Flag: A History of Communism in Britain |url=https://archive.org/details/underredflag00keit |edition=illustrated, hardcover |publisher=[[Sutton Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-75091-485-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Lovell |first=Julia |author-link=Julia Lovell |date=2019 |title=Maoism: A Global History |publisher=Bodley Head |isbn=978-184792-250-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Morgan |first=W. John |date=2003 |title=Communists on Education and Culture 1848–1948 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=0-333-48586-6}}
* {{cite journal |last=Morgan |first=W. John |date=December 2005 |title=Communism, Post-Communism, and Moral Education |journal=[[The Journal of Moral Education]] |volume=34 |number=4 |issn=1465-3877}}. {{ISSN|0305-7240}} (print).
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Naimark |editor-first1=Norman |editor-link1=Norman Naimark |editor-last2=Pons |editor-first2=Silvio |editor-link2=:it:Silvio Pons |date=2017 |chapter=The Socialist Camp and World Power 1941–1960s |title=The Cambridge History of Communism |volume=2 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-31645-985-0}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pipes |first1=Richard |author-link1=Richard Pipes |date=2003 |title=Communism: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/communismhistory00pipe |edition=reprint |publisher=Modern Library |isbn=978-0-81296-864-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pons |first1=Silvio |author-link1=:it:Silvio Pons |date=2014 |title=The Global Revolution: A History of International Communism 1917–1991 |edition=English, hardcover |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19965-762-9}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Pons |editor-first1=Silvio |editor-link1=:it:Silvio Pons |editor-last2=Service |editor-first2=Robert |editor-link2=Robert Service (historian) |date=2010 |title=A Dictionary of 20th Century Communism |edition=hardcover |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-69113-585-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Pons |editor-first1=Silvio |editor-link1=:it:Silvio Pons |editor-last2=Smith |editor-first2=Stephen A. |date=2017 |chapter=World Revolution and Socialism in One Country 1917–1941 |title=The Cambridge History of Communism |volume=1 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-31613-702-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pop-Eleches |first1=Grigore |last2=Tucker |first2=Joshua A. |date=2017 |title=Communism's Shadow: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Political Attitudes |url=https://archive.org/details/communismsshadow0000pope |edition=hardcover |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-69117-558-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Priestland |first1=David |author-link1=David Priestland |date=2009 |title=The Red Flag: A History of Communism |url=https://archive.org/details/redflaghistoryof0000prie |publisher=[[Grove Press]] |isbn=978-0-80214-512-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sabirov |first1=Kharis Fatykhovich |date=1987 |url=https://archive.org/details/whatiscommunism1987 |title=What Is Communism? |edition=English |publisher=[[Progress Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-82853-346-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Service |first1=Robert |author-link1=Robert Service (historian) |date=2010 |title=Comrades!: A History of World Communism |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=978-0-67404-699-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Yu-ming |date=2019 |title=Changes And Continuities In Chinese Communism: Volume I: Ideology, Politics, and Foreign Policy |edition=hardcover |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-36716-385-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Zinoviev |first1=Alexandre |author-link1=Alexander Zinoviev |date=1984 |orig-date=1980 |title=The Reality of Communism |url=https://archive.org/details/realityofcommuni00zino |publisher=[[Schocken Books]] |isbn=978-0-80523-901-0}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.indomarxist.co.nr Situs web Marxis Indonesia]
* [http://marx.org/indonesia/archive/marx-engels/1848/manifesto/manpend.htm#in48 Manifesto Partai Komunis 1848] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517114243/http://marx.org/indonesia/archive/marx-engels/1848/manifesto/manpend.htm#in48 |date=17 Mei 2006 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040910031348/http://arts.anu.edu.au/suara/marx3.rtf Manifesto komunis]
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