Wikipedia:Bak pasir: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
{{pp}}
== allied power ==
{{Redirect|Suharto|orang-orang dengan nama yang sama|Soeharto (disambiguasi)}}
{{Infobox President
| honorific-prefix = <!-- Hanya gelar kenegaraan/kehormatan (non-akademis) -->[[Jenderal Besar (Indonesia)|Jenderal Besar]] [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|TNI]] ([[Purnawirawan|Purn.]])
| name = Soeharto
| image = President Suharto, 1993.jpg
| alt = Foto resmi Soeharto pada masa jabatan 1993 - 1998
| caption = Potret resmi, 1993
| office = Presiden Indonesia
| order = ke-2
| term_start = 27 Maret 1968
| term_end = 21 Mei 1998
| vicepresident = {{Collapsible list|{{Plainlist|
* [[Hamengkubuwana IX]] (1973—1978)
* [[Adam Malik]] (1978—1983)
* [[Umar Wirahadikusumah]] (1983—1988)
* [[Soedharmono]] (1988—1993)
* [[Try Sutrisno]] (1993—1998)
* [[B. J. Habibie]] (1998)
}}
}}
| predecessor = [[Soekarno]]
| successor = [[B. J. Habibie]]
| office2 = [[Presiden Indonesia|Penjabat Presiden Indonesia]]
| term_start2 = 12 Maret 1967
| term_end2 = 27 Maret 1968
 
| office3 = Sekretaris Jenderal [[Gerakan Non-Blok]] ke-16
| term_start3 = 7 September 1992
| term_end3 = 20 Oktober 1995
| predecessor3 = [[Dobrica Ćosić]]
| successor3 = [[Ernesto Samper Pizano]]
 
| office4 = Daftar Menteri Pertahanan Indonesia {{!}}Menteri Pertahanan Keamanan Republik Indonesia
| order4 = ke-13
| term_start4 = 28 Maret 1966
| term_end4 = 28 Maret 1973
| predecessor4 = [[Abdul Haris Nasution]]
| successor4 = [[Maraden Panggabean]]
 
| office5 = Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia{{!}}Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia
| order5 = ke-5
| term_start5 = 6 Juni 1968
| term_end5 = 28 Maret 1973
| predecessor5 = [[Abdul Haris Nasution]]
| successor5 = [[Maraden Panggabean]]
 
| office6 = Komando Operasi Pemulihan Keamanan dan Ketertiban{{!}}Panglima Komando Operasi Pemulihan Keamanan dan Ketertiban
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg}} [[Centrocaspian Dictatorship|Centro-Caspian Dictatorship]]
| order6 = ke-1 dan ke-5
* [[Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly]]
| term_start6 = 5 Oktober 1965
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia.svg}} [[Commonwealth of Australia]]
| term_end6 = 19 November 1969
** [[German New Guinea|Australian occupied German New Guinea]]
| predecessor6 =
** [[Australian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
| successor6 = [[Maraden Panggabean]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia.svg}} [[Territory of Norfolk Island]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Territory of Papua.svg}} [[Territory of Papua]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Bohemia.svg}} [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovak Republic]]
** [[Czechoslovakian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} [[Dominion of New Zealand]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} [[Cook Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} [[Niue]]
** [[Western Samoa Trust Territory|New Zealand occupied German Samoa]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg}} [[Emirate of Nejd and Hasa]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Upper Asir.svg}} [[Idrisid Emirate of Asir]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Empire of Japan]] (since 23 August 1914)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/ww1-gazettes/Japan-1-OCR-SPLIT.pdf|title=宣戦の詔書 [Sensen no shōsho, Imperial Rescript on Declaration of War] Kanpō, Extra ed., Aug. 23, 1914.|last=|first=|date=23 August 1914|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|language=Japanese}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[South Pacific Mandate|Interim Southern Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Chongqing|Japanese concession in Chongqing]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Hangzhou|Japanese concession in Hangzhou]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Hankou|Japanese concession in Hankou]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Shashi District|Japanese concession in Shashi]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Suzhou|Japanese concession in Suzhou]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Concessions in Tianjin|Japanese concession in Tianjin]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese Korea]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of CER (1915).svg}} [[Japanese occupied Chinese Eastern Railway]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Kiautschou Bay concession|Japanese occupied Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory]]
** [[Japanese occupied Republic of China]]
** [[Japanese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese Taiwan]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Kwantung Leased Territory]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[South Manchuria Railway Zone]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Third Republic|French Republic]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Koritsa.svg}} [[Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[France Colony in Solar System]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Protectorate South Venus]]
** [[Togoland|British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate]] (since 26 August 1914){{sfn|Martin|2007|p=15}}
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[New Caledonia|Colony of New Caledonia]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Wallis and Futuna|Protectorate of the Wallis and Futuna Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Crozet Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Algeria]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Equatorial Africa|Equatorial Africa]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Chad]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Hankou|French concession in Hankou]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Shamian|French concession in Shamian]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Concessions in Tianjin|French concession in Tianjin]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Guiana]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French India|French establishments in India]]
** [[French occupied Republic of Alsace-Lorraine]]
** [[French Cameroons|French occupied German Cameroon]]
** [[French occupied German Realm]]
** [[French occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria]]
** [[French occupied Principality of Albania]]
** [[French occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Morocco 1666 1915.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Morocco.svg}} [[French protectorate in Morocco]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tunisia.svg}} [[French protectorate of Tunisia|Tunisian Realm]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Somaliland]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French West Africa]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Colonial Mauritania|Colony of Mauritania]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Côte d'Ivoire]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Enclaves of Forcados and Badjibo]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Dahomey]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Guinea]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Sudan]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Togoland]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Upper Volta]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Senegal]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Upper Senegal and Niger]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Guadeloupe]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Ubangi-Shari]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Île Amsterdam]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Île Saint-Paul]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Îles des Saintes]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Indochinese Union]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Cochinchina]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Protectorate of Cambodia]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Protectorate of Laos]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Kouang-Tchéou-Wan]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Annam (French protectorate)|Protectorate of Annam]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Tonkin (French protectorate)|Protectorate of Tonkin]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Kerguelen Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Kunming Hekou Railway|Kunming–Hekou railway]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[La Désirade]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Marie-Galante]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Martinique]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Mayotte]]
** {{flagicon|New Hebrides|1906}}{{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[New Hebrides|New Hebrides Condominium]]
** {{flagicon image|Flags of France and the UK.png}} [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Réunion]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Saint Barthélemy]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[French Polynesia|Settlements in Oceania]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1958).svg}} [[Shanghai French Concession]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg}} [[Khedivate of Egypt]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Belgium.svg}} [[Kingdom of Belgium]] (since 4 August 1914)<ref>{{cite book|last=Fox|first=Sir Frank|authorlink=Frank Fox (author)|title=The Agony of Belgium The Invasion of Belgium in WWI August-December 1914|url=http://sirfrankfox.com/excerpt-from-the-agony-of-belgium/|year=1914|publisher=Beaumont Fox 2nd edition 2014|page=19}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Belgium.svg}} [[Concessions in Tianjin|Belgian concession in Tianjin]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Congo Free State.svg}} [[Belgian Congo]] (since 15 August 1914){{sfn|Strachan|2003|p=585}}
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Belgium.svg}} [[Belgian occupied East African Territories]] (since 6 May 1916){{sfn|Stiénon|1917|pp=135–137}}
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Moresnet.svg}} [[Neutral Moresnet]] (since 4 August 1914){{sfn|Musgrave|1918|p=8}}{{efn|since 1830 was Neutral Moresnet a condominium between Prussia (later Germany) and Belgium. Both countries had the right to protect the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/09/13/102434270.pdf|title=Awaiting a Crisis in Belgium|website=New York Times|date=13 September 1903|accessdate=16 November 2018}}</ref> On the same day of the German invasion in Belgium, the region was occupied by Germany. Until the end of the war and was in the [[Treaty of Versailles]] treaty annexed by Belgium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/versa/versa2.html|title=Peace Treaty of Versailles Articles 31 - 117 and Annexes Political Clauses for Europe|website=net.lib.byu|date=11 November 1998|accessdate=16 November 2018}}</ref>}}
* {{flagicon image|State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg}} [[Kingdom of Greece]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg}} [[Kingdom of Italy]]
** {{flagicon image|Al-1918.png}} [[Italian protectorate over Albania|Albanian Republic]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg}} [[Italian concession of Tientsin]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg}} [[Italian Eritrea]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg}} [[Italian North Africa]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg}} [[Italian Islands of the Aegean|Italian occupied Islands of the Aegean]]
** [[Italian occupied Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen]]
** [[Italian occupied Principality of Albania]]
** [[Italian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
** [[Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council]]
** [[Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg}} [[Italian Somaliland]]
** {{flagicon image|Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg}} [[Majeerteen Sultanate]]
** {{flagicon image|Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg}} [[Sultanate of Hobyo]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918).svg}} [[Kingdom of Montenegro]]
** [[Montenegrin occupied Principality of Albania]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Nepal (19th century-1962).svg}} [[Kingdom of Nepal]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}} [[Kingdom of Romania]]
** [[Romanian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
* {{flagicon image|State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg}} [[Kingdom of Serbia]]
** [[Serbian occupied Principality of Albania]]
** [[Serbian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
* [[National Committee for Silesia]]
* [[National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn]]
* {{flagicon image|Dominion of Newfoundland Red Ensign.svg}} [[Newfoundland]]
* [[Polish Liquidation Committee]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[First Portuguese Republic|Portuguese Republic]] (since 9 March 1916){{sfn|Marques|1991|p=343}}
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá|Fort of St John the Baptist of Ouidah]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Macau|Macau]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Angola]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Cape Verde]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Congo]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Guinea]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Mozambique]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese Timor]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Portuguese India|State of India]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg}} [[Principality of Albania]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Andorra(1934).svg}} [[Principality of Andorra]]
* {{flagicon image|Verhovny Pravitel flag.png}} [[Provisional All-Russian Government]]
* {{flagicon image|Bandera de Bakio.svg}} [[Provisional Siberian Government (Vladivostok)|Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia]]
* [[Provisional Government of National Defence]]
* [[Provisional Government of Siberia]]
* [[Provisional Government of Vladivostok]]
* [[Provisional Government of the Amur Region]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Northern Region]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan]]
* {{flagicon image|Bandera de Bakio.svg}} [[Provisional Siberian Government (Omsk)|Provisional Siberian Government]]
* {{flagicon image|Bandera de Bakio.svg}} [[Provisional Siberian Government (Vladivostok)|Provisional Siberian Government]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the First Republic of Armenia.svg}} [[First Republic of Armenia|Republic of Armenia]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Beiyang government|Republic of China]]
** [[Chinese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Constitutional Protection Junta|Republic of China]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg}} [[Republic of Costa Rica]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Cuba.svg}} [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Republic of Cuba]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Guatemala.svg}} [[Republic of Guatemala]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1859–1964).svg}} [[Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)|Republic of Haiti]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Honduras.svg}} [[Republic of Honduras]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Liberia.svg}} [[Republic of Liberia]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Nicaragua (1908-1971).svg}} [[Republic of Nicaragua]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Panama.svg}} [[Republic of Panama]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Poland.svg}} [[Republic of Zakopane]]
* [[Provisional Government of the Transbaikal Region]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg}} [[Republic of the United States of Brazil]]
* {{flagicon image|State Flag of Thailand (1916).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Siam (1916).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (2011–2017).svg}} [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Rattanakosin Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russian Empire]]
** {{flagicon image|Eestimaa värvid.svg}} [[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of CER (1897).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of CER (1915).svg}} [[Chinese Eastern Railway]]
** [[General Government of Galicia and Bukovina]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Grand Principality of Finland]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Hankou|Russian concession in Hankou]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Concessions in Tianjin|Russian concession in Tianjin]]
** [[Russian occupied German Realm]]
** [[Occupation of Western Armenia|Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State]]
** [[Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia]]
** [[Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia, 1914–15|Russian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Special Transcaucasian Committee]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russian Republic]]
** {{flagicon image|Eestimaa värvid.svg}} Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
** {{flagicon image|Flag of CER (1915).svg}} Chinese Eastern Railway
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} Grand Principality of Finland
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} Russian concession in Hankou
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} Russian concession in Tianjin
** Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State
** Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} Special Transcaucasian Committee
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg}} [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]]
* [[Supreme Administration of the Northern Region]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg}} [[Kingdom of Hejaz|The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz]]
* [[Transcaspian Government|Trans Caspian Provisional Government]]
* {{flagicon image|Red Ensign of South Africa (1912–1951).svg}} [[Union of South Africa]]
** [[South African occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
** {{flagicon image|Red Ensign of South Africa (1912–1951).svg}} [[South West Africa]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Transcaucasian Commissariat]]
** Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
** [[Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg}} [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]]
** Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
** Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia
* [[Ufa Directory]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Aden Protectorate]]
*** [[Alawi (sheikhdom)|Alawi Sheikhdom]]
*** [[Aqrabi|Aqrabi Sheikhdom]]
*** [[Al-Busi|Bu`si Sheikhdom]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Beihan.svg}} [[Emirate of Beihan]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Dhala.svg}} [[Emirate of Dhala]]
*** [[Dathina Sheikhdom]]
*** [[Al-Dhubi|Dhubi Sheikhdom]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg}} [[Fadhli Sultanate]]
*** [[Hadrami sheikhdom|Hadrami Sheikhdom]]
*** [[Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir]]
*** {{flagicon image|Kathiri flag.svg}} [[Kathiri|Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut]]
*** [[Lower Aulaqi Sultanate]]
*** {{flagicon image|Mahraflag.svg}} [[Mahra Sultanate|Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat]]
*** [[Mawsata|Mawsata State]]
*** [[Muflahi Sheikhdom]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg}} [[Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut]]
*** [[Sheikhdom of Shaib]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg}} [[Upper Yafa|State of Upper Yafa]]
*** [[Subeihi Sultanate]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg}} [[Sultanate of Lahej]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Lower Yafa.svg}} [[Sultanate of Lower Yafa]]
*** [[Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom]]
*** [[Upper Aulaqi Sultanate]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg}} [[Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf]]
*** [[Wahidi Bir Ali|Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg}} [[Wahidi Sultanate of Habban]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.svg}} [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Darfur.svg}} [[Sultanate of Darfur]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Ascension Island]]
** {{flagicon image|Old Flag of Guernsey.svg}} [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Jersey (pre 1981).svg}} [[Bailiwick of Jersey]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Baker Island]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Basutoland]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Bermuda (1910–1999).svg}} [[Bermuda]]
** British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate
** [[Amoy|British concession in Amoy]]
** [[Hankou|British concession in Hankou]]
** [[Jiujiang|British concession in Jiujiang]]
** [[Shamian|British concession in Shamian]]
** [[Concessions in Tianjin|British concession in Tianjin]]
** [[Zhenjiang|British concession in Zhenjiang]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus (1881-1922).svg}} [[British Cyprus]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of British Guiana (1906–1919).svg}} [[British Guiana]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of British Honduras (1870–1919).svg}} [[British Honduras]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Mauritius (1906–1923).svg}} [[British Mauritius]]
** [[British Cameroons|British occupied German Cameroon]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tanganyika (1923–1961).svg}} [[Tanganyika (territory)|British occupied German East Africa]]
** [[German New Guinea|British occupied German New Guinea]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg}} [[Khedivate of Egypt|British occupied Khedivate of Egypt]]
** [[British occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria]]
** [[British occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
** [[British occupied Russian Soviet Republic]]
** [[British occupied Sublime Ottoman State]]
** [[British occupied Sublime State of Persia]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Uganda Protectorate.svg}} [[British Protectorate of Uganda]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[British Togoland]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Trinidad and Tobago (1889–1958).svg}} [[British Trinidad and Tobago]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of British Somaliland (1903–1950).svg}} [[British Somaliland Protectorate]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[British Western Pacific Territories]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Solomon Islands (1906–1947).svg}} [[British Solomon Islands Protectorate]]
*** [[Colony of Fiji]]
*** [[Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]
** [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} [[British Raj|Indian Empire]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} Aden Protectorate
**** Alawi Sheikhdom
**** Aqrabi Sheikhdom
**** Bu`si Sheikhdom
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of Beihan.svg}} Emirate of Beihan
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of Dhala.svg}} Emirate of Dhala
**** Dathina Sheikhdom
**** Dhubi Sheikhdom
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg}} Fadhli Sultanate
**** Hadrami Sheikhdom
**** Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir
**** {{flagicon image|Kathiri flag.svg}} Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut
**** Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
**** {{flagicon image|Mahraflag.svg}} Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat
**** Mawsata State
**** Muflahi Sheikhdom
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg}} Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut
**** Sheikhdom of Shaib
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg}} State of Upper Yafa
**** Subeihi Sultanate
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg}} Sultanate of Lahej
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of Lower Yafa.svg}} Sultanate of Lower Yafa
**** Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
**** Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg}} Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
**** Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali
**** {{flagicon image|Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg}} Wahidi Sultanate of Habban
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Bahrain (1820-1932).png}} [[Bahrain|State of Bahrain]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait (1909-1915).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait (1915-1956).svg}} [[Sheikhdom of Kuwait]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Muscat.svg}} [[Sultanate of Muscat and Oman]]
*** {{flagicon image|General Maritime Truce Flag.svg}} [[Trucial States|The Trucial States of the Coast of Oman]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Qatar (1916-1936).svg}} [[State of Qatar]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tonga.svg}} [[Kingdom of Tonga]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flags of France and the UK.png}} [[New Hebrides|New Hebrides Condominium]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands]]
*** [[Union Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Brunei_1906-1959.svg}} [[Brunei|State of Brunei]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Ceylon (1875–1948).svg}} [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Nigeria (1914–1952).svg}} [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Sierra Leone 1916-1961.gif}} [[Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate|Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone]]
** [[Colony of Barbados]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Jamaica (1906–1957).svg}} [[Colony of Jamaica]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bahamas (1904–1923).svg}} [[Colony of the Bahamas]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Gold Coast (1877–1957).svg}} [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Colony of the Gold Coast]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of BSAC edit.svg}} [[Company rule in Rhodesia]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Malta (1898-1923).svg}} [[Crown Colony of Malta|Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Kenya (1921–1963).svg}} [[East Africa Protectorate]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Falkland Islands (1876–1925).svg}} [[Falkland Islands]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Falkland Islands (1876–1925).svg}} [[Falkland Islands Dependencies]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Leeward Islands 1871-1956.gif}} [[Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Leeward Islands 1871-1956.gif}} [[British Leeward Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1953).svg}} [[Federal Colony of the Windward Islands]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1953).svg}} [[British Windward Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895 - 1946).svg}} [[Federated Malay States]]
*** [[Negeri Sembilan]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang]]
*** [[Perak]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor (pre 1965).svg}} [[Selangor]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of The Gambia (1889–1965).svg}} [[Gambia Colony and Protectorate]]
** {{flagicon image|Government Ensign of Gibraltar (1875–1921).svg}} [[Gibraltar]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895 - 1946).svg}} [[Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1941 and 1945–1955).svg}} [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Isle of Man]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Jarvis Island]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg}} [[Kingdom of Sarawak]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of British Central Africa Protectorate.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Nyasaland (1914–1919).svg}} [[Nyasaland Protectorate]]
** {{flagicon image|Flags of France and the UK.png}} [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Phoenix Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Saint Helena (1874-1984).svg}} [[Saint Helena]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Seychelles 1903-1961.gif}} [[Seychelles]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait (1909-1915).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait (1915-1956).svg}} Sheikhdom of Kuwait
** {{flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1902–1946).svg}} [[State of North Borneo]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the British Straits Settlements (1904–1925).svg}} [[Straits Settlements]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg}} [[Sultanate of Egypt]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maldives until 1903.svg}} Sultanate of the Maldive Islands
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Zanzibar Under British Rule.svg}} [[Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Swaziland|Swaziland Protectorate]]
** [[Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Tristan da Cunha]]
** [[Unfederated Malay States]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor|State of Johor Darul Ta'zim]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Kedah.svg}} [[Kedah|State of Kedah Darul Aman]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Kelantan (1912 - 1923).svg}} [[Kelantan|State of Kelantan Darul Naim]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Perlis.svg}} [[Perlis|State of Perlis Indera Kayangan]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Terengganu (1912 - 1933).svg}} [[Terengganu|State of Terengganu Darul Iman]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Victoria Land]]
** {{flagicon image|British Weihaiwei flag.svg}} [[Weihaiwei under British rule|Weihaiwei]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[United States of America]]
** [[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24)|American occupied Dominican Republic]]
** [[Sugar Intervention|American occupied Republic of Cuba]]
** [[United States occupation of Haiti|American occupied Republic of Haiti]]
** [[United States occupation of Nicaragua|American occupied Republic of Nicaragua]]
** [[American occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Howland Island]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Johnston Atoll]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Kingman Reef]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Midway Island|Middlebrook Island]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Midway Atoll]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Navassa Island]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Panama Canal Zone.svg}} [[Panama Canal Zone]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Puerto Rico]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Quita Sueño Bank]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Roncador Bank]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Serrana Bank]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Serranilla Bank]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Swan Islands, Honduras|Swan Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Territory of Alaska]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Territory of American Samoa]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Territory of Guam]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Hawaii.svg}} [[Territory of Hawaii]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[United States Virgin Islands]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Wake Island]]
* [[Ural Provisional Provincial Government]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ukranian State.svg}} [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]]
 
| term_start7 = 2 Maret 1974
; Non-state actors
| term_end7 = 5 April 1978
| predecessor7 = [[Soemitro Sastrodihardjo]]
| successor7 = [[Soedomo]]
 
| office8 = Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Darat{{!}}Panglima Angkatan Darat
* [[Anhui clique]]
| order8 = ke-7
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Assyria (1913-1923).svg}} [[Assyrians]]
| term_start8 = 16 Oktober 1965
* [[Cornelius Wyk's forces]]
| term_end8 = 1 Mei 1968
* [[Czechoslovak Legions]]
| 1blankname8 = Panglima
** [[Czechoslovak Legions occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]
| 1namedata8 = [[Abdul Haris Nasution]]
** [[Czechoslovak Legions occupied Russian Soviet Republic]]
| predecessor8 = [[Pranoto Reksosamodra]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Fengtian clique.svg}} [[Fengtian clique]]
| successor8 = [[Maraden Panggabean]]
* {{flagicon image|KarelianNationalFlag.svg}} [[Karelian Regiment]]
 
* [[Polish Legions in World War I|Polish Legions]]
| office9 = Daftar Kepala Badan Intelijen Negara{{!}}Kepala Badan Intelijen Negara
** [[Polish Legions occupied Russia]]
| order9 = ke-3
** [[Polish Legions occupied Russian Soviet Republic]]
| term_start9 = 1965
* [[Pontic Greeks]]
| term_end9 = 22 Agustus 1966
* [[Ruwallah]]
| president9 = [[Soekarno]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[White movement]]
| predecessor9 = [[Soebandrio]]
** [[Baikal Cossacks]]
| successor9 = [[Yoga Sugama]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of CER (1915).svg}} Chinese Eastern Railway
 
** [[Kamchatka]]
| office10 = [[Ketua Presidium Kabinet Indonesia]]
** [[Sakhalin]]
| order10 =
** [[Tuva]]
| term_start10 = 25 Juli 1966
** [[Volunteer Army]]
| term_end10 = 17 Oktober 1967
* [[Yunnan clique]]
| predecessor10 = [[Soekarno]] (sebagai Perdana Menteri)
* [[Zhili clique]]
| successor10 = Tidak ada
 
| office11 = Panglima Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat{{!}}Panglima Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat
| order11 = ke-1
| term_start11 = 6 Maret 1961
| term_end11 = 2 Desember 1965
| predecessor11 =
| successor11 = [[Umar Wirahadikusumah]]
 
| birthname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|6|8}}
| birth_place = [[Kabupaten Bantul|Bantul]], [[Kesultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat]], [[Hindia Belanda]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|1|27|1921|6|8}}<ref name="NYT">{{cite web|title=Suharto Dies at 86; Indonesian Dictator Brought Order and Bloodshed|date=28 Januari 2008|work=The New York Times|last=Berger|first=Marilyn|language=en|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/world/asia/28suharto.html|access-date=2018-12-14|archive-date=2018-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202231503/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/world/asia/28suharto.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], Indonesia
| restingplace = [[Astana Giribangun]], [[Matesih]], [[Kabupaten Karanganyar|Karanganyar]]
| citizenship = Indonesia
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Tien Soeharto|Raden Ajeng Siti Hartinah]]|1947|28 April 1996|end=d.}}
| children = {{Plainlist|
* [[Siti Hardijanti Rukmana]]
* [[Sigit Harjojudanto]]
* [[Bambang Trihatmodjo]]
* [[Siti Hediati Hariyadi]]
* [[Hutomo Mandala Putra]]
* [[Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih]] }}
| parents =
| relatives = [[Keluarga Soeharto]]
| profession = {{Hlist|Tentara|Politikus}}
| signature = Suharto signature.svg
| serviceyears = 1940–1974
| servicenumber = 10684<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4728173/sekondan-soeharto-di-pusaran-g30spki/2|title=Sekondan Soeharto di Pusaran G30S/PKI|date=30 September 2019|access-date=16 Juni 2023|website=detikNews|last=Mappapa|first=Pasti Liberti|quote=Latief sendiri mengaku anak buah langsung Soeharto sejak bertugas di Yogyakarta. [[Nomor Registrasi Pokok]] (NRP) keduanya berurutan. "NRP saya 10685, sedangkan NRP Pak Harto 10684, jadi saya selalu menempel di belakangnya.}}</ref>
| rank = [[File:23-TNI Army-GA.svg|25px| ]] [[Jenderal Besar]] [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|TNI]]
| branch = {{bulleted list|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Netherlands.svg}} [[Koninklijk Nederlandsch-Indische Leger|KNIL]] (1940—1942)|{{flagicon image|Flag of PETA (Pembela Tanah Air).svg}} [[Pembela Tanah Air|PETA]] (1942—1945)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Army.svg}} [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat|TNI Angkatan Darat]] (1945—1974)}}
| unit = [[Infanteri]]
| battles = [[Revolusi Nasional Indonesia|Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia]]{{tree list}}
** [[Pertempuran Ambarawa]]
** [[Serangan Umum 1 Maret]]
** [[Pemberontakan Darul Islam]]{{br}}
[[Operasi Trikora]]{{br}}[[Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia]]
| party = {{parpolicon|Golongan Karya}}
| allegiance = {{bulleted list|{{flag|Hindia Belanda}} (1940—1942)|{{flag|Kekaisaran Jepang}} (1942—1945)|{{flag|Indonesia}} (1945—1974)}}
| residence =
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* Schakel Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (1935—1938)
* Sekolah Bintara KNIL di [[Gombong]] (1940)
}}
}}
{{Seri Soeharto}}
 
'''Soeharto''' ({{lahirmati|[[Sedayu, Bantul|Sedayu]], [[Bantul]]|8|6|1921||27|1|2008}}) adalah [[Presiden Indonesia]] kedua yang menjabat sejak tahun 1968 sampai 1998. Sebelumnya ia pernah menjabat sebagai penjabat presiden sebelum akhirnya diangkat menjadi presiden. Secara luas ia dianggap sebagai [[kediktatoran militer|diktator militer]] oleh pengamat internasional. Soeharto memimpin Indonesia sebagai [[otoritarianisme|rezim otoriter]] sejak [[Transisi ke Orde Baru|kejatuhan]] pendahulunya [[Soekarno]] pada tahun 1967 hingga [[Kejatuhan Soeharto|pengunduran dirinya]] pada tahun 1998 menyusul [[kerusuhan Mei 1998|kerusuhan nasional]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Obituary: Suharto, former Indonesian dictator: 1921–2008 | date = 28 January 2008 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jan/27/obituaries.johngittings | work = The Guardian | last = Gittings | first = John | access-date = 17 December 2016 | archive-date = 14 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181214164141/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jan/27/obituaries.johngittings | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Is Indonesia's Reformasi a success, 20 years after Suharto? | date = 19 May 2018 | work = South China Morning Post | last = Hutton | first = Jeffrey | url = https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2146838/indonesias-reformasi-success-20-years-after-suharto | quote = ...would topple the dictator Suharto. | access-date = 14 December 2018 | archive-date = 13 April 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220413020721/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2146838/indonesias-reformasi-success-20-years-after-suharto | url-status = live }}</ref> Kediktatorannya selama 32 tahun dianggap sebagai salah satu kediktatoran paling brutal dan korup di abad ke-20.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Marilyn |date=28 January 2008 |title=Suharto Dies at 86; Indonesian Dictator Brought Order and Bloodshed |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/world/asia/28suharto.html |access-date= |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202231503/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/world/asia/28suharto.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Wiranto|2011| p = 24}}.<br />{{cite book | last1 = Forrester | first1 = Geoff | last2 = May | first2 = R.J. | title = The Fall of Soeharto | date = 1998 | publisher = C. Hurst and Co. | location = Bathurst, Australia | isbn = 1-86333-168-9}}</ref>
 
Sebelum menjadi presiden, Soeharto adalah pemimpin militer pada masa [[Hindia Belanda]] dan [[Kekaisaran Jepang]], dengan pangkat terakhir [[Mayor Jenderal]]. Setelah [[Gerakan 30 September]] [[1965]], Soeharto kemudian melakukan operasi penertiban dan pengamanan atas perintah dari Presiden Soekarno, salah satu yang dilakukannya adalah dengan menumpas [[Gerakan 30 September]] dan menyatakan bahwa [[Partai Komunis Indonesia|PKI]] sebagai organisasi terlarang. Berbagai kontroversi menyebut operasi ini menewaskan sekitar 100.000 hingga 2 juta jiwa.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Unresolved Problems in the Indonesian Killings of 1965–1966 |first=Robert |last=Cribb |journal=Asian Survey |volume=42 |issue=4 |date=2002 |pages=550–563 |doi=10.1525/as.2002.42.4.550}}</ref><ref>Friend (2003), pages 107–109; {{cite video |people =Chris Hilton (writer and director) |title =Shadowplay |medium =Television documentary |publisher =Vagabond Films and Hilton Cordell Productions |year=2001 }}; Ricklefs (1991), pages 280–283, 284, 287–290</ref>
 
Soeharto kemudian diberi mandat oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara (MPRS) sebagai Presiden pada 26 Maret 1968<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/03/26/18242931/26-maret-1968-saat-soeharto-ditunjuk-gantikan-soekarno-jadi-presiden|title=26 Maret 1968, Saat Soeharto Ditunjuk Gantikan Soekarno Jadi Presiden|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|access-date=2019-06-19|archive-date=2019-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619154935/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/03/26/18242931/26-maret-1968-saat-soeharto-ditunjuk-gantikan-soekarno-jadi-presiden|dead-url=no|editor-last=Galih|editor-first=Bayu|first=Aswab Nanda|last=Prattama}}</ref> menggantikan [[Soekarno]], dan resmi menjadi presiden pada tahun 1968. Ia dipilih kembali oleh [[Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat|MPR]] pada tahun 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, dan 1998. Pada tahun 1998, masa jabatannya berakhir setelah mengundurkan diri pada tanggal 21 Mei tahun tersebut, menyusul terjadinya [[kerusuhan Mei 1998]] dan [[pendudukan gedung DPR/MPR]] oleh ribuan [[mahasiswa]]. Ia merupakan orang terlama yang menjabat sebagai presiden Indonesia. Soeharto digantikan oleh [[B.J. Habibie]].
 
Soeharto juga merupakan sosok yang kontroversial karena [[Diskriminasi terhadap Tionghoa-Indonesia|membatasi kebebasan]] warga negara Indonesia keturunan [[Tionghoa]], [[pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Leste|menduduki]] [[Timor Timur]], pemaksaan asas tunggal [[Pancasila]] di berbagai bidang, dan disebut sebagai salah satu rezim paling korup dalam sejarah dunia modern. Menurut [[Transparency International]], estimasi kerugian negara adalah sekitar 15–35 miliar [[dolar Amerika Serikat]] selama pemerintahannya.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3567745.stm | title=Suharto tops corruption rankings | work=BBC News | date=25 March 2004 | accessdate=4 February 2006 | archive-date=2020-11-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113042444/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3567745.stm | dead-url=no }}</ref> Namun, hal ini tidak berhasil dibuktikan, bahkan [[Majalah Time|Majalah ''Time'']] kalah dalam gugatan <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/4049227/12-tahun-lalu-soeharto-menang-lawan-majalah-time|title=12 Tahun Lalu, Soeharto Menang Lawan Majalah Time|date=2019-08-30|work=[[Liputan6.com]]|language=id|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223115012/https://m.liputan6.com/news/read/4049227/12-tahun-lalu-soeharto-menang-lawan-majalah-time|dead-url=no|last=Liputan6.com|editor-last2=Linawati|editor-first2=Mevi|editor-last=Salim|editor-first=Hanz Jimenez}}</ref> dan usaha lain untuk mengadili Soeharto gagal karena kesehatannya yang memburuk. Setelah menderita sakit berkepanjangan, ia meninggal karena kegagalan organ multifungsi di [[Jakarta]] pada tanggal 27 Januari 2008.
{{Infobox Officeholder
|honorific_prefix = <!-- Baris ini hanya untuk gelar kenegaraan/kehormatan (bukan gelar akademis/keagamaan/profesi) -->
|name = Siti Hartinah
|image = Raden Ayu Siti Hartinah.jpg
|imagesize =
|caption =
|office = Ibu Negara Indonesia
|order = ke-2
|president = [[Soeharto]]
|term_start = 12 Maret 1967
|term_end = 28 April 1996
|predecessor = [[Fatmawati]]<br =>
[[Hartini]] (pejabat)
|successor =
[[Siti Hardijanti Rukmana]] (pelaksana tugas)<br =>
[[Hasri Ainun Habibie]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|8|23}}
|birth_place = [[Jaten, Karanganyar|Jaten]], [[Karanganyar|Kadipaten Mangkunegaran]], [[Hindia Belanda]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|4|28|1923|8|23}}
|death_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|restingplace = [[Astana Giribangun]], [[Karanganyar]], [[Indonesia]]
|nationality = [[Indonesia]]
|party =
|spouse = {{Marriage|[[Soeharto]]|1947|1996|reason=cerai mati}}
|relations =
|children = {{unbulleted list|[[Siti Hardijanti Rukmana]] (Tutut)|[[Sigit Harjojudanto]] (Sigit)|[[Bambang Trihatmodjo]] (Bambang)|[[Siti Hediati Hariyadi]] (Titiek)|[[Hutomo Mandala Putra]] (Tommy)|[[Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih]] (Mamiek)}}
|parents = {{unbulleted list|K. P. H Soemoharjomo (bapak)|K. R. Ay. Hatmanti Hatmohoedojo (ibu)}}
|alma_mater =
|occupation =
|profession =
|religion = [[Islam]]
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Siti Hartinah''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jaten, Karanganyar]], [[Jawa Tengah]]|23|8|1923|[[Jakarta]]|28|4|1996}}), atau lebih dikenal dengan Ibu '''Tien Soeharto''', adalah istri [[Daftar Presiden Indonesia|Presiden Indonesia kedua]], Jenderal Besar [[Purnawirawan]] [[Soeharto]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.merdeka.com/fatimah-siti-hartinah-soeharto/profil/|title=Profil - Fatimah Siti Hartinah Soeharto|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
 
Siti Hartinah merupakan anak kedua pasangan KPH Soemoharjomo dan Raden Ayu Hatmanti Hatmohoedojo. Ia merupakan [[canggah]] [[Mangkunagara III]] dari garis ibu. Tien menikah dengan [[Soeharto]] pada tanggal 26 Desember 1947 di [[Surakarta]].
 
Ibu Tien Soeharto dianugerahi gelar [[pahlawan nasional Indonesia]] tak lama setelah kematiannya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpnn.com/news/mengenang-kembali-jasa-ibu-tien-soeharto|title=Mengenang Kembali Jasa Ibu Tien Soeharto|last=Natalia|date=2019-08-22|work=[[Jawa Pos|JPNN.com]]|language=id|access-date=2019-10-24}}</ref>