AGM-114 Hellfire: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Rudal Hellfire yang diluncurkan dari sebuah UAV.
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'''AGM-114 Hellfire''' adalah sebuah [[peluru kendali]] [[Peluru kendali udara ke darat|udara ke permukaan]] yang dibangunkan untuk kegunaan pertempuran anti-tank. Roket ini dapat ditembakkan dari berbagai pelantar udara, laut dan darat. Ia memiliki keupayaan misi berbagai dan serangan tepat ke atas sasaran banyak. Hellfire merupakan senjata tepat udara ke permukaan utama dalam kelas 100 untuk kegunaan di dalam pasukan bersenjata Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara lain. Nama ''HELLFIRE'' berasal dari tujuan asalnya sebagai senjata [[tembak-dan-lupakan]] yang diluncurkan dari [[helikopter]] (''HELicopter Launched FIRE-and-forget'').<ref>[http://www.msl.army.mil/ProjectOffices/JAMS_HELLFIRE.html Joint Attack Munitions System - HELLFIRE®]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
AGM-114 Hellfire adalah sebuah sistem senjata yang terbukti tangguh di medan tempur. Peluru kendali ini telah digunakan di medan tempur sejak pertengahan tahun 1980-an.
Rudal Hellfire ini bergerak dengan pemandu laser semi aktif. Rudal dapat mencari target secara mendiri (autonomous), atau sasaran sudah ditentukan dengan penanda remote laser. Hellfire dilengkapi three–axis inertial measurement unit, memungkinkan rudal menyerang sasaran dari samping dan dari sisi belakang.
Hulu ledaknya dilengkapi dengan mode fragmentasi, yakni akan meledak sesaat sebelum mengenai sasaran. Hulu ledaknya bersifat multi purpose dengan kombinasi kemampuan HEAT, metal augmented charge dan shaped charge, artinya rudal sanggup menghajar sasaran berupa hard, soft, dan enclosed target. Rudal punya jarak tembak mencapai 8.000 meter dengan kecepatan Mach 1.3 (1.591 Km per jam).
== Variant ==
[[Berkas:AGM-114 Hellfire hung on a Predator drone.JPEG|300px|jmpl|Rudal Hellfire bergerak dengan pemandu [[laser]] semi aktif. Roket ini dapat ditembakkan dari berbagai pelantar udara, laut dan darat. Rudal dapat mencari target secara mendiri (autonomous), atau sasaran sudah ditentukan dengan [[Penanda laser|penanda remote laser]]. Hellfire dilengkapi three–axis inertial measurement unit, memungkinkan rudal menyerang sasaran dari samping dan dari sisi belakang.]]
{{refimprove section|date=January 2016}}<!--===Basic Hellfire===-->▼
[[Berkas:AGM-114HellfireHMMWV.jpg|ka|jmpl|AGM-114 Ground Launched Hellfire-Light (GLH-L) missile system on a modified HMMWV chassis]]
[[Berkas:An AC-208 fires a Hellfire at practice target.jpg|jmpl|ka|[[Iraqi Air Force]] [[Cessna 208 Caravan|AC-208 Caravan]] launches a Hellfire missile]]
; AGM-114A Basic Hellfire
* Target: Tank, kendaraan lapis baja.
* Jarak tempuh: 8,000 m (8,750 yd)
* Penuntun: [[Laser guidance|Semi-active laser homing]] (SALH).
* [[Warhead|Hulu Ledak]]: 8 kg (18 lb) [[Peledak terarah|shaped charge]] [[HEAT]].
* Panjang: 163 cm (64 in)
* Berat: 45 kg (99 lb)
Baris 107 ⟶ 114:
; ATM-114Q Hellfire II
* Versi latihan dari AGM-114N dengan inert warhead.
; AGM-114R Hellfire II (Hellfire Romeo)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msl.army.mil/Documents/Briefings/JAMS/HF_Romeo_Public%20Release%20Briefingrev1.pdf|title=Lockheed Martin Distribution Statement|publisher=US Army|accessdate=20 August 2015|archive-date=2015-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722083430/http://www.msl.army.mil/Documents/Briefings/JAMS/HF_Romeo_Public%20Release%20Briefingrev1.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Target: Semua jenis target
* Jarak tempuh: 8,000 m (8,749 yd)
Baris 122 ⟶ 129:
; M36 Captive Flight Training Missile
M36 adalah perangkat inert yang digunakan untuk latihan penggunaan missile Hellfire, ini termasuk juga laser seeker yang operasional.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/1-140/CH5.HTM|title=FM 1-140 Chapter 5|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org|author=John Pike}}</ref>
== Kendaraan peluncur dan sistem ==
=== Helikopter berawak ===
* [[Bell AH-1 SuperCobra|AH-1W SuperCobra]]
* [[Bell AH-1Z Viper|AH-1Z Viper]]
* [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|AH-64 Apache]]<ref name="koreatimes26jan16">[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/01/205_196370.html Apache Guardian set to deploy on May] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304174602/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/01/205_196370.html |date=4 March 2016 }} - Koreatimes.co.kr, 26 January 2016</ref>
* [[Agusta A129 Mangusta]]
* [[Eurocopter Tiger]]
* [[Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk|HH-60H, MH-60R, MH-60S Seahawk]]
* [[Bell OH-58 Kiowa|OH-58D Kiowa Warrior]]
* [[RAH-66 Comanche]]
* [[Boeing AH-6|AH-6 Little Bird]]
* [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60 Blackhawk]]
* [[AgustaWestland Apache|Westland WAH-64 Apache]]
=== Pesawat terbang sayap tetap ===
* [[Beechcraft Super King Air]]<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=27 December 2013 |title=US sends Hellfire missiles to Iraq |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/us-sends-hellfire-missiles-to-iraq-29869054.html |newspaper=Belfast Telegraph |publisher=Independent News & Media |accessdate=27 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228102131/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/us-sends-hellfire-missiles-to-iraq-29869054.html |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Cessna 208|Cessna AC-208 Combat Caravan]]<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/IRAQ101408.xml |title=New Iraqi Airborne Strike Capability Spotted |magazine=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] |date=14 October 2008 |accessdate=20 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521081232/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news%2FIRAQ101408.xml |archive-date=21 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[KC-130J]] [[Harvest HAWK]]<ref>[http://www.dvidshub.net/news/60315/kc-130j-harvest-hawk-takes-new-role-afghanistan KC-130J Harvest Hawk takes on new role in Afghanistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209002948/http://www.dvidshub.net/news/60315/kc-130j-harvest-hawk-takes-new-role-afghanistan |date=9 December 2010 }} - DVIDS</ref>
* [[IOMAX Archangel]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iomax.net/in-the-news/archangel-crop-duster-to-tank-buster/|title=The Archangel: Crop Duster to Tank Buster|access-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170310/http://www.iomax.net/in-the-news/archangel-crop-duster-to-tank-buster/|archive-date=5 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviationweek.com/paris-air-show-2015/come-gabriel-blow-your-horn|title=Come, Gabriel, Blow Your Horn|access-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172922/http://aviationweek.com/paris-air-show-2015/come-gabriel-blow-your-horn|archive-date=5 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[AC-130W]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/the-u-s-air-forces-new-ac-130-gunships-are-really-bomb-1584518199 |title=The U.S. Air Force's New AC-130 Gunships Are Really Bomb Trucks |publisher=FoxTrot Alpha |date=1 June 2014 |accessdate=5 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906012943/http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/the-u-s-air-forces-new-ac-130-gunships-are-really-bomb-1584518199 |archive-date=6 September 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Pesawat tak berawak ====
* [[RQ-1 Predator|MQ-1B Predator]]
* [[MQ-9 Reaper]]
* [[General Atomics Avenger|Predator C]]
* [[MQ-1C Gray Eagle]]
==== Kapal patroli ====
* [[Super Dvora Mk III-class patrol boat]], Israel<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Israel-Navy-debuts-new-Super-Dvora-patrol-craft-474090|title=ISRAEL NAVY DEBUTS NEW SUPER DVORA PATROL CRAFT|access-date=1 October 2017|last1=Ahronheim|first1=Anna|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=30 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002120111/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Israel-Navy-debuts-new-Super-Dvora-patrol-craft-474090|archive-date=2 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Platform experimen ===
Sistem ini telah diuji untuk digunakan pada Humvee dan Improved TOW Vehicle (ITV). Tembakan uji juga telah ditembakkan dari C-130 Hercules. Swedia dan Norwegia menggunakan Hellfire untuk pertahanan pesisir, dan telah melakukan tes dengan peluncur Hellfire yang dipasang di Combat Boat 90, kapal serang pantai.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050420144950/http://www.mil.no/start/article.jhtml?articleID=78157 Norwegian article about the experimental deployment of Hellfire missiles on coastal patrol boats] (from the official web site of the [[Military of Norway|Norwegian Armed Forces]])</ref>
Angkatan Laut AS sedang mengevaluasi rudal untuk digunakan di kapal tempur pesisir. Tes pengembangan rudal Hellfire Longbow untuk digunakan pada kapal tempur pesisir (LCS) berhasil dilakukan pada bulan Juni oleh Angkatan Laut AS dan dilaporkan pada 30 Juli 2015. Rudal berhasil ditembakkan dari LCS pada awal 2017. Kapal Perang Littoral (LCS) USS Milwaukee (LCS 5) dari kelas Freedom telah melaksanakan latihan menembakkan empat rudal Longbow Hellfire di lepas pantai Virginia pada tanggal 11 Mei 2018, menurut situs resmi US Navy. USS Milwaukee dalam latihan langsung menembakkan empat rudal hellfire longbow yang berhasil menghantam target berupa kapal cepat yang berada di pantai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.usni.org/2014/01/14/sna-2014-navy-wont-rule-army-longbow-hellfire-lcs |title=SNA 2014: Navy Won’t Rule Out Army Longbow Hellfire for LCS |last1=Muñoz |first1=Carlo |date=14 January 2014 |website=news.usni.org |publisher=U.S. Naval Institute |accessdate=14 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116134529/http://news.usni.org/2014/01/14/sna-2014-navy-wont-rule-army-longbow-hellfire-lcs |archive-date=16 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=YNli7tNKxgA |title=USS Detroit fires hellfire missiles in first ever test of LCS mission package |last1=United States Naval Institute |date=13 January 2017 |publisher=USNI News Video |accessdate=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>https://jakartagreater.com/43161/modifikasi-rudal-hellfire-untuk-kapal-perang/</ref><ref>https://jakartagreater.com/190240/uss-milwaukee-uji-tembak-rudal-longbow-hellfire/</ref>
Pada tahun 2016 Longbow Hellfire diuji oleh Angkatan Darat AS menggunakan Multi-Mission Launcher lima belas tube yang dipasang pada truk Family of Medium Tactical Vehicle (FMTV). MML adalah sistem senjata yang dikembangkan Angkatan Darat yang mampu mengerahkan rudal permukaan-ke-permukaan dan permukaan-ke-udara.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Munoz |first1=Carlo |title=New army launcher successfully fires Hellfire, Sidewinder missiles |url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2016/04/04/New-army-launcher-successfully-fires-Hellfire-Sidewinder-missiles/5141459780495/ |website=upi.com |publisher=United Press International |accessdate=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113030131/https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2016/04/04/New-army-launcher-successfully-fires-Hellfire-Sidewinder-missiles/5141459780495/ |archive-date=13 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Pengguna ==
[[Berkas:Hellfire operators.png|jmpl|400px|Map with Hellfire operators in blue]]
Negara Negara yang menggunakan Hellfire:<ref>"AGM-114 Hellfire and Longbow Hellfire", ''Jane's Weapon Systems, Vol. 1: Air-Launched'', 19 March 2013.</ref>
* {{AUS}}
* {{CRO}}
Baris 140 ⟶ 183:
* {{JPN}}
* {{KWT}}
* {{LBN}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/Lebanon/C4E6544B51A01293C2257593001BCF28?OpenDocument|title=Heavy U.S. Military Aid to Lebanon Arrives ahead of Elections|date=April 9, 2009|publisher=Naharnet Newsdesk|accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref>▼
* {{IDN}}
▲<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/Lebanon/C4E6544B51A01293C2257593001BCF28?OpenDocument|title=Heavy U.S. Military Aid to Lebanon Arrives ahead of Elections|date=April 9, 2009|publisher=Naharnet Newsdesk|accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref>
* {{NLD}}
* {{NOR}}
Baris 158 ⟶ 200:
* {{GBR}}
* {{USA}}
== Lihat pula ==
* [[PARS 3 LR]]
* [[Nag (peluru kendali)|Nag]]
* [[UMTAS]]
* [[Brimstone (missile)|Brimstone]]
* [[Kh-25]]
== Referensi ==
Baris 163 ⟶ 212:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/agm-114.htm more detailed description on FAS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321055242/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/agm-114.htm |date=2008-03-21 }}
* [http://www.missilesandfirecontrol.com/our_products/antiarmor/HELLFIRE/product-HELLFIREII.html Lockheed Martin – Hellfire II]
* [http://www.missilesandfirecontrol.com/our_products/combatvision/LONGBOW/product-LONGBOW.html Lockheed Martin – Longbow Hellfire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311225906/http://www.missilesandfirecontrol.com/our_products/combatvision/LONGBOW/product-LONGBOW.html |date=2007-03-11 }}
* [http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jalw/jalw001013_1_n.shtml Janes.com]
* [http://www.armedforces-int.com/projects/Missiles/hellfire-ii.asp Hellfire Detailed Description and Images] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223191037/http://www.armedforces-int.com/projects/Missiles/hellfire-ii.asp |date=2008-02-23 }}
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