Andrew Johnson: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Officeholder
|name = Andrew Johnson
|image = Andrew Johnson photo portrait head and shoulders, c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg
|office = [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Daftar Presiden Amerika Serikat|ke-17]]
|term_start = 15 April 1865
|term_end = 4 Maret 1869
|predecessor = [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|successor = [[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Grant]]
|office2 = [[Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Daftar Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat|ke-16]]
|president2 = [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|term_start2 = 4 Maret 1865
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|term_end5 = 3 November 1857
|predecessor5 = [[William B. Campbell]]
|successor5 = [[Isham G. Harris]]
|office6 = Gubernur Militer Tennessee
|term_start6 = 12 Maret 1862
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|children = Martha<br />Charles<br />Mary<br />Robert<br />Andrew
|profession = [[Penjahit]]
|religion = [[Kristen Non-denominasional]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson/essays/biography/7|title=American President: Andrew Johnson: Family Life|publisher=Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia|accessdate=May 26, 2009|archive-date=2008-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719170314/http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson/essays/biography/7|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson And The Radicals|url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14804076|first=George Fort|last=Milton|publisher=Coward-McCann|year=1930|pages=790|page=80|oclc=739916|isbn=1417916583|location=New York|quote=As for my religion, it is the doctrine of the Bible, as taught and practiced by Jesus Christ.}}</ref>
|signature = Andrew Johnson Signature.svg
|signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink
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== Masa kecil ==
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson
== Karier politik ==
Andrew Johnson menikahi puteri tukang sepatu.<ref>{{
Pada usia 35 tahun ia menjadi anggota Kongres Amerika dan menjabat selama sepuluh tahun.{{fact}} Kemudian ia menjadi Gubernur Tennesse dan sesudah itu menjadi senator selama lima tahun.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Andrew-Johnson-9355722 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-05-04 |archive-date=2010-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510151155/http://www.biography.com/articles/Andrew-Johnson-9355722 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== Masa Kepresidenan ==
Pada [[15 April]] [[1865]], setelah wafatnya [[Abraham Lincoln|Presiden Lincoln]] karena pembunuhan. Andrew Johnson diangkat menjadi presiden.<ref>http://www.historycentral.com/bio/presidents/johnson.html</ref>
Selama masa jabatannya, dua amendemen ditambahkan dalam kongres Amerika. Amendemen yang ditambahkan adalah:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://andrewjohnsonbiography.com/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-05-04 |archive-date=2010-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009233055/http://andrewjohnsonbiography.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
# Menghapuskan perbudakan di Amerika Serikat dan menetapkan orang-orang [[negro]] sebagai warga negara Amerika, dan melarang diskriminasi terhadap mereka. Undang-undang ini dikenal sebagai undang-undang '''Hak Sipil''' tahun [[1866]].
# Tidak ada negara bagian yang boleh mencabut jiwa, kebebasan atau harta benda seseorang tanpa melalui hukum yang berlaku.
Presiden Andrew Johnson adalah seorang anggota partai [[Partai Demokrat Amerika Serikat|Demokrat]], meskipun Lincoln berasal dari Partai [[Partai Republik Amerika Serikat|Republik]].{{fact}}Selama menjabat ia tidak didampingi wakil presiden{{fact}} dan selama itu pulalah ia bertentangan keras dengan [[Kongres Amerika|kongres]], terutama anggota-anggota [[partai republik]] yang [[radikal]].{{fact}} Golongan ini memegang peranan dalam memutuskan sebuah undang-undang, termasuk membatalkan veto seorang presiden.{{fact}} Untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah kongres berhasil membatalkan keputusan presiden mengenai sebuah undang-undang penting. {{fact}}Mereka berusaha untuk membatasi secara ketat kekuasaan presiden dengan menetapkan sejumlah rancangan undang-undang dan ketika Presiden Andrew Johnson mengabaikan salah satu peraturan itu dengan memecat Menteri Perangnya, pemeriksaan pelanggaran dikenakan terhadapnya dan ia diadili oleh [[senat amerika|senat]], tetapi dibebaskan dari tuduhan dengan perbedaan satu suara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-05-04 |archive-date=2008-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105015912/http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Pada [[1869]] Presiden Andrew Johnson meninggalkan [[Gedung Putih]] dan kembali ke negara bagian [[Tennessee]].<ref>http://people.famouswhy.com/andrew_johnson/</ref>
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* Stewart, David, O. ''Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy'' (2009) Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4165-4749-5.
* Stryker, Lloyd P., ''Andrew Johnson: A Study in Courage'' (1929). ISBN 0-403-01231-7 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=295401 online edition]
* {{cite book|last=Trefousse|first= Hans L.|title=Andrew Johnson: A Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnson00hans|year=1989|ISBN= 0-393-31742-0|publisher=Norton}}
* Winston; Robert W. ''Andrew Johnson: Plebeian and Patriot'' (1928) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3971949 online edition]
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* [http://www.impeach-andrewjohnson.com/ Newspaper clippings, 1865–1869]
* [http://www.andrewjohnson.com/09ImpeachmentAndAcquittal/ImpeachmentAndAcquittal.htm Series of ''Harper's Weekly'' articles covering the impeachment controversy and trial]
* [http://starship.python.net/crew/manus/Presidents/aj2/aj2obit.html Johnson's obituary, from the ''New York Times''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125011958/http://starship.python.net/crew/manus/Presidents/aj2/aj2obit.html |date=2012-01-25 }}
== Catatan ==
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* [http://edisoneffect.blogspot.com/2009/09/impeachment-trial-of-president-johnson.html The Impeachment trial of President Johnson as reported in Harper's Monthly Magazine April 1868]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1229.html Obituary, NY Times, August 1, 1875, ''Andrew Johnson Dead'']
* [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/impeach/articles.html Articles of Impeachment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104111013/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/impeach/articles.html |date=2010-11-04 }}
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj17.html White House Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117205017/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj17.html |date=2009-01-17 }}
* [http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/andrew_johnson.pdf Vice Presidential biography. From the Senate Historical Office.]
* [http://www.mlwh.org/inside.asp?ID=91&subjectID=2 Mr. Lincoln's White House: Andrew Johnson]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/speeches/cleveland-speech.html Andrew Johnson Cleveland Speech (September 3, 1866)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310013611/http://www.usa-presidents.info/speeches/cleveland-speech.html |date=2011-03-10 }}
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcg&fileName=069/llcg069.db&recNum=629 ''Congressional Globe'' transcript of Johnsons inaugural address]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/johnsonjohnson00andrrich ''Speeches of Andrew Johnson: President of the United States '' 1866 collection at archive.org]
* [http://discovergreeneville.com/andrewjohnson Andrew Johnson's 200th Birthday Celebration site at DiscoverGreeneville.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202233753/http://www.discovergreeneville.com/andrewjohnson/ |date=2011-02-02 }}
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/ajohnson/ Andrew Johnson: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/131.pdf Tennessee State Library & Archives, Andrew Johnson Papers, 1846-1875] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722004008/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/131.pdf |date=2013-07-22 }}
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp18.pdf Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor Andrew Johnson, 1853-1857] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722001044/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp18.pdf |date=2013-07-22 }}
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp20.pdf Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of (Military) Governor Andrew Johnson, 1862-1865] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721223215/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp20.pdf |date=2013-07-21 }}
* {{CongBio|J000116}} Retrieved on 2009-03-02
* [http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/johnson Essay on Andrew Johnson and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228112114/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/johnson |date=2007-12-28 }}
* [http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=17 Andrew Johnson]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823142035/http://www.americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=17 |date=2013-08-23 }} at [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]''
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{{lifetime|1808|1875|Johnson, Andrew}}
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