Kepler-47: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Starbox begin|name=Kepler-47}}{{Starbox image|image=[[Berkas:Kepler-47 System Artist-Impression 20190416.jpg|250px]]|caption=Sistem biner Kepler-47}}{{Starbox observe|epoch=J2000|constell=[[Cygnus (constellation)|Cygnus]]|ra={{RA|19|41|11.4985}}<ref name="Gaia DR2"/>|dec={{DEC|+46|55|13.705}}<ref name="Gaia DR2"/>|appmag_v=15.4<ref name="APASS"/>}}

{{Starbox orbit|source=<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/><ref name="predicting"/>|primary=Kepler-47A|name=Kepler-47B|period_unitless={{val|7.44837695|0.00000021}} days|axis_unitless={{val|0.0836|0.0014}} [[astronomical unit|AU]]|eccentricity={{val|0.0234|0.001}}|inclination={{val|89.34|0.12}}|periarg={{val|212.3|4.4}}}}

{{Starbox detail|source=<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/><ref name=NASA"NASA5"/>|component1=Kepler-47A|mass=1.043 ± 0.055<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|radius=0.964 ± 0.017<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|gravity=4.42 ± 0.1<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|luminosity=0.840 ± 0.067<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|temperature=5636 ± 100<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|metal_fe=−0.25 ± 0.08<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|rotational_velocity={{val|4.1|0.5|-0.35}}|age_gyr=4–5|component2=Kepler-47B|mass2=0.362 ± 0.013<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|radius2=0.3506 ± 0.0063<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|gravity2=|luminosity2=0.014 ± 0.002<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|temperature2=3357 ± 100<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/>|metal_fe2=?|rotational_velocity2=|age_gyr2=4–5}}

{{Starbox end}}<span data-segmentid="290" class="cx-segment">'''Kepler-47''' adalah [[Bintang biner|sistem bintang biner]] dengan tiga [[Planet luar tata surya|exoplanet yang]] mengorbit di sekitar sepasang [[Bintang|bintang yang]] berjarak sekitar 3.400 tahun cahaya dari [[Bumi]]. <ref name="Gaia DR2"><cite class="citation journal">Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "''Gaia'' Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". ''[[Astronomy & Astrophysics]]''. '''616'''. A1. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1804.09365 1804.09365]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G|2018A&#x26;A...616A...1G]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051|10.1051/0004-6361/201833051]]</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="BBCBBC3"><cite class="citation web">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19401891 "BBC News - Tatooine-like double-star systems can host planets"]. [[BBC News]]. 29 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="discoverydiscovery8"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haghighipour, Nader; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Buchhave, Lars A.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Isaacson, Howard; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Shporer, Avi; Windmiller, Gur; Barclay, Thomas; Boss, Alan P.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Fortney, Jonathan; Geary, John C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; et al. (2012). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". ''Science''. '''337''' (6101): 1511–4. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1208.5489 1208.5489]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O|2012Sci...337.1511O]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1228380|10.1126/science.1228380]]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933522 22933522].</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="295" class="cx-segment">Dua [[planet]] pertama yang diumumkan adalah [[Kepler-47b]], dan [[Kepler-47c]].</span> <span data-segmentid="299" class="cx-segment">Kepler-47 adalah sistem multi-planet [[Planet lintas laut|lintas]] planet pertama yang ditemukan oleh [[misi Kepler]]. <ref name="NASANASA5"><cite class="citation news">[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler-47.html "NASA's Kepler Discovers Multiple Planets Orbiting a Pair of Stars"]. ''exoplanets.nasa.gov''. [[NASA]]. 28 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2012</span>. <q>Kepler mission has discovered multiple transiting planets orbiting two suns for the first time</q></cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="302" class="cx-segment">Bagian terluar planet adalah [[Raksasa gas|raksasa gas yang]] mengorbit di dalam [[zona layaklaik huni]] bintang-bintang. <ref name="ScienceDaily2012"><cite class="citation web">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120828190127.htm "NASA's Kepler discovers multiple planets orbiting a pair of stars"]. [[Sciencedaily.com]]. 28 August 2012. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1208.5489 1208.5489]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O|2012Sci...337.1511O]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1228380|10.1126/science.1228380]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="305" class="cx-segment">Karena sebagian besar bintang adalah biner, <ref name="binarycommon"><cite class="citation journal">Quintana, Elisa V.; et al. (November 2006). "Terrestrial planet formation surrounding close binary stars". ''Icarus''. '''185''' (1): 1–20. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0607222 astro-ph/0607222]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2006Icar..185....1Q|2006Icar..185....1Q]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.016|10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.016]].</cite></ref> penemuan bahwa sistem multi-planet dapat terbentuk dalam sistem semacam itu telah memengaruhi teori pembentukan planet sebelumnya. <ref name="NASANASA5" /> <ref name="BBCBBC3" /></span>

<span data-segmentid="306" class="cx-segment">Sekelompok astronom yang dipimpin oleh Jerome Orosz di [[Universitas Negeri San Diego|San Diego State University]], termasuk para astronom dari [[Universitas Tel Aviv|Tel-Aviv University]] di [[Israel]], menemukan sistem planet melalui [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]] 's [[Misi Kepler|Kepler teleskop ruang]] pada tahun 2012. <ref name="TTOI"><cite class="citation news">Shamah, David (30 August 2012). [http://www.timesofisrael.com/new-worlds-discovered-courtesy-of-us-israel-team/ "New worlds discovered, courtesy of US-Israel team"]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="312" class="cx-segment">Pada November 2013, bukti planet ketiga yang mengorbit antara planet b dan c, Kepler-47d, diumumkan. <ref name="3rd3rd3"><cite class="citation web">[http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/KeplerII/abstracts_talks/Orosz.pdf "The Confirmation of a Third Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2013.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="313" class="cx-segment">Kemudian analisis data transit dari teleskop luar angkasa Kepler mengkonfirmasi keberadaan Kepler-47d. <ref name="filloutfillout2"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/Kepler47d/ "Scientists Fill Out A Circumbinary Planetary System"]. Institute For Astronomy. 16 April 2019.</cite></ref></span>

<span data-segmentid="322" class="cx-segment">Calon planet terdeteksi di sekitar bintang oleh [[Misi Kepler]] [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]], sebuah misi yang bertugas menemukan planet yang sedang [[Metode deteksi planet-planet luar surya|transit]] di sekitar bintang mereka. <ref name="kepler">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/overview/index.html|title=Mission overview|publisher=NASA|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="326" class="cx-segment">Metode transit yang digunakan Kepler melibatkan mendeteksi kemiringan dalam kecerahan bintang. <ref name="kepler" /></span> <span data-segmentid="327" class="cx-segment">Kemiringan dalam kecerahan ini dapat diartikan sebagai planet yang orbitnya melintas di depan bintang-bintang mereka dari perspektif [[Bumi]], meskipun fenomena lain juga dapat bertanggung jawab yang menjadi alasan mengapa istilah calon planet digunakan. <ref name="Morton"><cite class="citation journal">Morton, Timothy; Johnson, John (23 August 2011). [http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/738/2/170/ "On the Low False Positive Probabilities of Kepler Planet Candidates"]. ''The Astrophysical Journal''. '''738''' (2): 170. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1101.5630 1101.5630]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2011ApJ...738..170M|2011ApJ...738..170M]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/0004-637X/738/2/170|10.1088/0004-637X/738/2/170]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="kepler" /></span> <span data-segmentid="329" class="cx-segment">Menyusul penerimaan makalah penemuan, tim Kepler menyediakan moniker tambahan untuk sistem "Kepler-47". <ref name="keplernames"><cite class="citation web">[[NASA]] (27 January 2014). [http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/discoveries/ "Kepler – Discoveries – Summary Table"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401080610/https://kepler.nasa.gov/MIssion/discoveries/ |date=2017-04-01 }}. [[NASA]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="330" class="cx-segment">Penemu menyebut bintang itu sebagai Kepler-47, yang merupakan prosedur normal untuk menamai exoplanet yang ditemukan oleh pesawat ruang angkasa. <ref name="discovery3discovery8"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haghighipour, Nader; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Buchhave, Lars A.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Isaacson, Howard; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Shporer, Avi; Windmiller, Gur; Barclay, Thomas; Boss, Alan P.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Fortney, Jonathan; Geary, John C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; et al. (2012). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". ''Science''. '''337''' (6101): 1511–4. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1208.5489 1208.5489]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O|2012Sci...337.1511O]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1228380|10.1126/science.1228380]]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933522 22933522].</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="331" class="cx-segment">Karenanya, ini adalah nama yang digunakan oleh publik untuk merujuk pada bintang dan planetnya.</span>

<span data-segmentid="332" class="cx-segment">Calon planet yang berhubungan dengan bintang-bintang yang dipelajari oleh Misi Kepler diberi sebutan ".01", ".02", ".03" dll. Setelah nama bintang, dalam urutan penemuan. <ref name="kepler-catalogue"><cite class="citation web">[http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/kic10/search.php?kic_kepler_id=8311864&action=Search "Kepler Input Catalog search result"]. [[Space Telescope Science Institute]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="333" class="cx-segment">Jika kandidat planet terdeteksi secara bersamaan, maka urutannya mengikuti urutan periode orbit dari yang terpendek ke yang terpanjang. <ref name="kepler-catalogue" /></span> <span data-segmentid="334" class="cx-segment">Mengikuti aturan-aturan ini, dua kandidat planet terdeteksi, dengan periode orbit 49,51 dan 303,158 hari.</span>

<span data-segmentid="335" class="cx-segment">Sebutan ''b'', ''c'' dan ''d'' berasal dari urutan penemuan.</span> <span data-segmentid="336" class="cx-segment">Penunjukan ''b'' diberikan ke planet pertama yang mengorbit bintang yang diberikan, dan ''d'' ke yang terjauh. <ref name="planetnaming"><cite class="citation arxiv">Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1012.0707 1012.0707]</span> [[//arxiv.org/archive/astro-ph.SR astro-ph.SR]].</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="337" class="cx-segment">Dalam kasus Kepler-47, awalnya ada dua yang terdeteksi, jadi huruf ''b'' dan ''c'' digunakan.</span> <span data-segmentid="338" class="cx-segment">Planet ketiga, meskipun merupakan planet terluar kedua dari sistem Kepler-47, kemudian dikonfirmasi dan diberi huruf ''d'', karena ditemukan setelah planet ''b'' dan ''c.''</span>

<span data-segmentid="342" class="cx-segment">Kepler-47 adalah [[Bintang biner|sistem bintang biner yang]] terdiri dari [[G-type bintang urutan utama|bintang urutan utama tipe-G]] ( '''Kepler-47A''' ) dan bintang [[katai merah]] ( '''Kepler-47B''' ).</span> <span data-segmentid="346" class="cx-segment">Bintang-bintang mengorbit satu sama lain di sekitar [[Barycenter|pusat massa di]] antara mereka, menyelesaikan satu orbit penuh setiap 7,45 hari. <ref name="discovery5discovery8"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haghighipour, Nader; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Buchhave, Lars A.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Isaacson, Howard; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Shporer, Avi; Windmiller, Gur; Barclay, Thomas; Boss, Alan P.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Fortney, Jonathan; Geary, John C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; et al. (2012). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". ''Science''. '''337''' (6101): 1511–4. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1208.5489 1208.5489]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O|2012Sci...337.1511O]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1228380|10.1126/science.1228380]]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933522 22933522].</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="348" class="cx-segment">Bintang-bintang mengorbit barycenter mereka dari jarak sekitar 0,084 &nbsp; [[Satuan astronomi|AU]] . <ref name="discovery5discovery8" /></span> <span data-segmentid="350" class="cx-segment">Bintang-bintang memiliki 104% dan 35% dari massa Matahari, dan 96% dan 35% dari jari-jari Matahari. <ref name="discovery5discovery8" /></span> <span data-segmentid="351" class="cx-segment">Mereka memiliki suhu permukaan 5636 [[Kelvin|K]] dan 3357 K. <ref name="discovery5discovery8" /> Berdasarkan karakteristik bintang dan dinamika orbital, usia yang diperkirakan 4-5 miliar tahun untuk sistem dimungkinkan. <ref name="discovery5discovery8" /></span> <span data-segmentid="353" class="cx-segment">Sebagai perbandingan, Matahari berusia sekitar 4,6 miliar tahun <ref name="Fraser2008"><cite class="citation web">Fraser Cain (16 September 2008). [http://www.universetoday.com/18237/how-old-is-the-sun/ "How Old is the Sun?"]. [[Universe Today]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> dan memiliki suhu 5778 K.</span>

<span data-segmentid="354" class="cx-segment">Bintang utama agak miskin logam, dengan [[Metalisitas|logam]] ([Fe / H]) sekitar -0,25, atau sekitar 56% dari jumlah besi dan logam berat lainnya yang ditemukan di Matahari. <ref name="discovery6discovery8"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haghighipour, Nader; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Buchhave, Lars A.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Isaacson, Howard; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Shporer, Avi; Windmiller, Gur; Barclay, Thomas; Boss, Alan P.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Fortney, Jonathan; Geary, John C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; et al. (2012). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". ''Science''. '''337''' (6101): 1511–4. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1208.5489 1208.5489]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O|2012Sci...337.1511O]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1228380|10.1126/science.1228380]]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933522 22933522].</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="356" class="cx-segment">Kedua luminositas bintang adalah tipikal untuk jenisnya, dengan luminositas masing-masing sekitar 84% dan 1% dari luminositas matahari. <ref name="discovery6discovery8" /></span>

<span data-segmentid="357" class="cx-segment">Besarnya [[Magnitudo semu|jelas]] dari sistem bintang, atau seberapa terang tampak dari perspektif Bumi, adalah sekitar 15,4. <ref name="APASS"><cite class="citation web">[http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ5cb67eb442ca&-out.add=.&-source=I/322A/out&UCAC4===685-070595&-out.orig=o "UCAC4 685-070595"]. VizieR. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="359" class="cx-segment">Terlalu redup untuk dilihat dengan mata telanjang, yang biasanya dapat mendeteksi objek dengan [[magnitudo]] kurang dari 6. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/astronomy-questions-answers/naked-eye-magnitude-limit/|title=What's my naked-eye magnitude limit?|last=Sinnott|first=Roger W.|date=19 July 2006|publisher=[[Sky and Telescope]]|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref></span>

<span data-segmentid="365" class="cx-segment">Sebelum penemuan sistem planet Kepler-47 oleh Jerome Orosz dan rekan-rekannya pada 2012, diperkirakan bintang biner dengan banyak planet tidak bisa ada. <ref name="NASA2NASA5"><cite class="citation news">[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler-47.html "NASA's Kepler Discovers Multiple Planets Orbiting a Pair of Stars"]. ''exoplanets.nasa.gov''. [[NASA]]. 28 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2012</span>. <q>Kepler mission has discovered multiple transiting planets orbiting two suns for the first time</q></cite></ref> <ref name="BBC2BBC3"><cite class="citation web">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19401891 "BBC News - Tatooine-like double-star systems can host planets"]. [[BBC News]]. 29 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="366" class="cx-segment">Diyakini bahwa gangguan gravitasi yang disebabkan oleh bintang induk yang mengorbit akan menyebabkan planet-planet sirkumbiner saling bertabrakan atau dikeluarkan dari orbit, baik ke salah satu bintang induknya atau menjauh dari sistem. <ref name="BBC2BBC3" /></span> <span data-segmentid="367" class="cx-segment">Namun, penemuan ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak planet dapat terbentuk di sekitar bintang biner, bahkan di zona layaklaik huni mereka; <ref name="BBC2BBC3" /> dan sementara planet-planet dalam sistem Kepler-47 tidak mungkin memiliki kehidupan, planet-planet lain yang mengorbit di sekitar sistem bintang biner mungkin dapat dihuni dan dapat mendukung kehidupan. <ref name="NASA2NASA5" /></span>

<span data-segmentid="368" class="cx-segment">Sistem biner diketahui menampung tiga planet, semuanya mengorbit berdekatan satu sama lain dan lebih besar dari [[Bumi]], tanpa permukaan padat. <ref name="thirdtransitingthirdtransiting3"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Haghighipour, Nader; Quarles, Billy; Short, Donald R.; Mills, Sean M.; Sutyal, Suman; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Fabrycky, Daniel C. (16 April 2019). [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0 "Discovery of a Third Transiting Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System"]. ''The Astronomical Journal''. '''157''' (5): 174. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1904.07255 1904.07255]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0|10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="370" class="cx-segment">Ketiga planet di sistem Kepler-47 memiliki kepadatan yang sangat rendah, kurang dari Saturnus. <ref name="discoveryalertdiscoveryalert4">{{Cite news|title=Discovery Alert: A Third Planet in Kepler-47 System|url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1568/discovery-alert-a-third-planet-in-kepler-47-system/|publisher=NASA|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref> <ref name="MikeWall2019MikeWall20192">{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/third-alien-planet-in-tatooine-system-kepler-47.html|title=Discovery! 3rd Planet Found in Two-Star 'Tatooine' Star System|last=Wall|first=Mike|date=16 April 2019|publisher=Space.com|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="371" class="cx-segment">Kepadatan planet-planet diperkirakan sekitar {{Val|0.26}} hingga {{Val|0.68}} . <ref name="thirdtransitingthirdtransiting3" /></span> <span data-segmentid="372" class="cx-segment">Kepadatan rendah planet-planet ini tidak biasa karena suhu mereka yang relatif ringan; planet dengan kepadatan rendah seperti itu biasanya [[jupiter panas]] yang mengorbit dekat dengan bintang inangnya, dikenal sebagai [[planet bengkak]] . <ref name="MikeWall2019discoveryalert4" /> <ref name="discoveryalertMikeWall20192" /></span> <span data-segmentid="375" class="cx-segment">Planet dengan kerapatan rendah dengan suhu sejuk seperti itu dianggap tidak biasa. <ref name="discoveryalertdiscoveryalert4" /></span> {{OrbitboxPlanet begin|name=Kepler-47|table_ref=<ref name=discovery"discovery8"/><ref name="thirdtransitingthirdtransiting3"/><ref name="exoplanet.eu-K47d"/>}}

{{Orbitbox end}}<span data-segmentid="461" class="cx-segment">Kepler-47b adalah [[bumi super]] dan planet terdalam dari sistem Kepler-47.</span> <span data-segmentid="463" class="cx-segment">Itu berada dekat dengan bintang induknya, pada jarak 0,2956 &nbsp; AU. <ref name="discovery7discovery8"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haghighipour, Nader; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Buchhave, Lars A.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Isaacson, Howard; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Shporer, Avi; Windmiller, Gur; Barclay, Thomas; Boss, Alan P.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Fortney, Jonathan; Geary, John C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; et al. (2012). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". ''Science''. '''337''' (6101): 1511–4. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1208.5489 1208.5489]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O|2012Sci...337.1511O]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1228380|10.1126/science.1228380]]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933522 22933522].</cite></ref> <ref name="thirdtransiting2thirdtransiting3"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Haghighipour, Nader; Quarles, Billy; Short, Donald R.; Mills, Sean M.; Sutyal, Suman; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Fabrycky, Daniel C. (16 April 2019). [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0 "Discovery of a Third Transiting Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System"]. ''The Astronomical Journal''. '''157''' (5): 174. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1904.07255 1904.07255]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0|10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="464" class="cx-segment">Ini menyelesaikan satu orbit penuh di sekitar bintang induknya dalam 49,5 hari. <ref name="NASA3NASA5"><cite class="citation news">[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler-47.html "NASA's Kepler Discovers Multiple Planets Orbiting a Pair of Stars"]. ''exoplanets.nasa.gov''. [[NASA]]. 28 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2012</span>. <q>Kepler mission has discovered multiple transiting planets orbiting two suns for the first time</q></cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="465" class="cx-segment">[[Suhu kesetimbangan|Suhu keseimbangan]] Kepler-47b adalah {{Convert|336|F|C|abbr=on|order=flip}} , karena itu tidak ramah terhadap kehidupan. <ref name="discoveryalert2discoveryalert4">{{Cite news|title=Discovery Alert: A Third Planet in Kepler-47 System|url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1568/discovery-alert-a-third-planet-in-kepler-47-system/|publisher=NASA|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="467" class="cx-segment">Karena suhu keseimbangan tinggi Kepler-47b, gas [[metana]] di atmosfernya akan dipecah menjadi senyawa lain, yang menyebabkan kabut tebal yang akan menutupi atmosfer planet. <ref name="NASA3NASA5" /></span> <span data-segmentid="469" class="cx-segment">Ini adalah planet terkecil dari sistem Kepler-47, [[Jari-jari Bumi|berukuran]] 3,1 kali [[Jari-jari Bumi|ukuran Bumi]]. <ref name="discoveryalert2discoveryalert4" /></span>

<span data-segmentid="471" class="cx-segment">Planet kedua yang ditemukan, Kepler-47c, adalah planet kelas [[Neptunus]] dan planet terluar, yang mengorbit bintang induknya dari jarak 0,989 AU, hampir jaraknya dari Bumi ke [[Matahari]] . <ref name="NASA4NASA5"><cite class="citation news">[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler-47.html "NASA's Kepler Discovers Multiple Planets Orbiting a Pair of Stars"]. ''exoplanets.nasa.gov''. [[NASA]]. 28 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2012</span>. <q>Kepler mission has discovered multiple transiting planets orbiting two suns for the first time</q></cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="474" class="cx-segment">Ini menyelesaikan satu orbit penuh di sekitar bintang induknya dalam 303,16 hari. <ref name="NASA4NASA5" /></span> <span data-segmentid="475" class="cx-segment">Kepler-47c terletak di dalam [[zona layaklaik huni]], dengan suhu kesetimbangan {{Convert|-26|F|C|abbr=on|order=flip}}. <ref name="NASA4NASA5" /> <ref name="discoveryalert3discoveryalert4">{{Cite news|title=Discovery Alert: A Third Planet in Kepler-47 System|url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1568/discovery-alert-a-third-planet-in-kepler-47-system/|publisher=NASA|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="477" class="cx-segment">Jari-jari Kepler-47c adalah 4,7 kali dari Bumi, ukurannya sebanding dengan [[Neptunus]]. <ref name="NASA4NASA5" /> <ref name="discoveryalert3discoveryalert4" /></span> <span data-segmentid="479" class="cx-segment">Meskipun diasumsikan Kepler-47c tidak mampu menyimpan kehidupan, <ref name="BBC3"><cite class="citation web">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19401891 "BBC News - Tatooine-like double-star systems can host planets"]. [[BBC News]]. 29 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> ia mungkin memiliki atmosfer uap air yang padat. <ref name="NASA4NASA5" /></span>

<span data-segmentid="480" class="cx-segment">Planet yang paling baru ditemukan dalam sistem, Kepler-47d, diumumkan sebagai ditemukan oleh astronom Jerome Orosz dan rekan-rekannya di [[Universitas Negeri San Diego|San Diego State University]] pada November 2013. <ref name="3rd3"><cite class="citation web">[http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/KeplerII/abstracts_talks/Orosz.pdf "The Confirmation of a Third Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2013.</cite></ref> <ref name="discoveryalert4">{{Cite news|title=Discovery Alert: A Third Planet in Kepler-47 System|url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1568/discovery-alert-a-third-planet-in-kepler-47-system/|publisher=NASA|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="482" class="cx-segment">Dari data transit sistem Kepler-47 dari [[Misi Kepler|teleskop luar angkasa Kepler]], tim Orosz telah memperhatikan satu sinyal transit "yatim" yang bertahan selama 4,15 jam, <ref name="discovery8"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haghighipour, Nader; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Buchhave, Lars A.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Isaacson, Howard; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Shporer, Avi; Windmiller, Gur; Barclay, Thomas; Boss, Alan P.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Fortney, Jonathan; Geary, John C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; et al. (2012). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". ''Science''. '''337''' (6101): 1511–4. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1208.5489 1208.5489]</span>. [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O|2012Sci...337.1511O]]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1228380|10.1126/science.1228380]]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933522 22933522].</cite></ref> <ref name="predicting"><cite class="citation journal">Hinse, Tobias C. (15 January 2015). [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/88/meta "Predicting a third planet in the Kepler-47 circumbinary system"]. ''The Astrophysical Journal''. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1409.1349 1409.1349]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/88|10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/88]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> dan tidak dikaitkan dengan dua planet yang sebelumnya dikenal. <ref name="discoveryalert43rd3" /> <ref name="3rd3discoveryalert4" /></span> <span data-segmentid="484" class="cx-segment">Karena lemahnya sinyal transit Kepler-47d, itu tidak terdeteksi sebelumnya pada 2012. <ref name="discoveryalert4thirdtransiting3" /> <ref name="thirdtransiting3discoveryalert4"><cite class="citation journal">Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Haghighipour, Nader; Quarles, Billy; Short, Donald R.; Mills, Sean M.; Sutyal, Suman; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Fabrycky, Daniel C. (16 April 2019). [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0 "Discovery of a Third Transiting Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System"]. ''The Astronomical Journal''. '''157''' (5): 174. [[arXiv]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//arxiv.org/abs/1904.07255 1904.07255]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0|10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="485" class="cx-segment">Hanya satu transit Kepler-47d yang terlihat telah terdeteksi, <ref name="predicting" /> sehingga diperlukan transit tambahan untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaannya. <ref name="fillout2"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/Kepler47d/ "Scientists Fill Out A Circumbinary Planetary System"]. Institute For Astronomy. 16 April 2019.</cite></ref></span> <span data-segmentid="486" class="cx-segment">Dari model dinamis, orbit Kepler-47D terbukti [[presesi]] dari waktu ke waktu, sehingga dalam waktu empat tahun tanpa transit dari Kepler-47D. <ref name="discovery8" /> <ref name="3rd3" /></span> <span data-segmentid="488" class="cx-segment">Studi selanjutnya tentang sistem Kepler-47 mengarah ke konfirmasi Kepler-47d, yang diumumkan pada April 2019. <ref name="fillout2" /></span> <span data-segmentid="489" class="cx-segment">Penemuan Kepler-47d tidak terduga untuk tim Orosz, karena mereka berharap menemukan planet tambahan dengan orbit yang lebih jauh. <ref name="discoveryalert4" /> <ref name="MikeWall20192">{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/third-alien-planet-in-tatooine-system-kepler-47.html|title=Discovery! 3rd Planet Found in Two-Star 'Tatooine' Star System|last=Wall|first=Mike|date=16 April 2019|publisher=Space.com|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="490" class="cx-segment">Kepler-47d adalah planet terbesar dari sistem Kepler-47, setidaknya 7 kali ukuran Bumi. <ref name="thirdtransiting3" /> <ref name="MikeWall20192" /></span> <span data-segmentid="491" class="cx-segment">Itu mengorbit antara planet-planet Kepler-47b dan c pada jarak sekitar 0,7 AU, <ref name="NASA5"><cite class="citation news">[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler-47.html "NASA's Kepler Discovers Multiple Planets Orbiting a Pair of Stars"]. ''exoplanets.nasa.gov''. [[NASA]]. 28 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2012</span>. <q>Kepler mission has discovered multiple transiting planets orbiting two suns for the first time</q></cite></ref> menyelesaikan orbit setiap 187,35 hari. <ref name="exoplanet.eu-K47d">{{cite web|url=http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/kepler-47_(ab)_d/|title=Planet Kepler-47 (AB) d|date=17 April 2019|website=exoplanet.eu|accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="492" class="cx-segment">Suhu keseimbangannya sekitar {{Convert|50|F|C|abbr=on|order=flip}}. <ref name="discoveryalert4" /></span>