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[[Berkas:Baldung Hexen 1508 kol.JPG|jmpl|upright=0.9|''Para Penyihir'' karya [[Hans Baldung]]. Cukil kayu, 1508]]
'''Ilmu sihir''' secara umum memiliki artis praktik dan kepercayaan dalam kemampuan dan keterampilan [[sihir]] yang dimiliki oleh seorang atau kelompok praktisioner. Ilmu sihir adalah istilah luas yang beragam dalam budaya dan masyarakat, dan sehingga dapat berbeda dalam hal pengartiannya,<ref name="Russell">[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LsjagvvkveEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA2&dq=witchcraft+definition&ots=aw4oz13kOS&sig=2CWBjLB2TIsUt1aNz_nyUPxOf5E&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=witchcraft%20definition&f=false Witchcraft in the Middle Ages], Jeffrey Russell, p.4-10.</ref> dan asumsi [[lintas-budaya]] tentang pengartian atau signifikansi istilah tersebut harus diterapkan dengan hati-hati. Ilmu sihir seringkalisering kali meliputi peran medis atau ilahi,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> dan seringkalisering kali hadir dalam masyarakat dan kelompok yang [[wadah budaya]]nya meliputi [[pandangan dunia]] sihir.<ref name="Russell" />
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Sihir hitam]]
* [[Sihir putih]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
== KaryaBacaan rujukanlanjutan ==
* [[Alan Macfarlane]], [https://books.google.com/books/about/Witchcraft_in_Tudor_and_Stuart_England.html?id=lmfuwq0mQMUC Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England], Psychology Press, 1999 (orig. 1970)
* ''[[University of Kansas]] Publications in Anthropology'', No. 5 = John M Janzen and Wyatt MacGaffey: ''An Anthology of Kongo Religion: Primary Texts from Lower Zaïre''. Lawrence, 1974.
* ''Studia Instituti Anthropos'', Vol. 41 = Anthony J. Gittins: ''Mende Religion''. Steyler Verlag, [[Nettetal]], 1987.
* {{cite book |last=Thompson |first=David W. |title=Sister Witch: The Life of Moll Dyer |year=2017 |publisher=Solstice Publishing |isbn=978-1973105756}}
== Bacaan tambahan ==
* {{cite book|last=Ashforth|first=Adam|title=Madumo, A Man Bewitched|date=2000|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-02971-9|title-link=Madumo, A Man Bewitched}}
* Boyer, Paul and Stephen Nissenbaum, eds. ''The Salem Witchcraft Papers: Verbatim Transcripts of the Legal Documents of the Salem Witchcraft Outbreak of 1692, Volumes I and II''. New York: De Capo Press, 1977.
* {{cite thesis|type=M.A. Thesis|last=Easley|first=Patricia Thompson|title=A Gobber Tooth, A Hairy Lip, A Squint Eye: Concepts of the Witch and the Body in Early Modern Europe|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2646/|date=August 2000|publisher=UNT Digital Library}}
* {{cite book|last=Favret-Saada|first=Jeanne |author-link=Jeanne Favret-Saada |title=Deadly Words: Witchcraft in the Bocage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFeuQgAACAAJ|date=December 1980|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29787-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Favret-Saada|first=Jeanne |author-link=Jeanne Favret-Saada |title=Désorceler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uu5KPgAACAAJ|date=2009|publisher=L'Olivier|isbn=978-2-87929-639-5}}
* Gaskill, Malcolm. "Masculinity and Witchcraft in Seventeenth-century England." In ''Witchcraft and Masculinities in Early Modern Europe'', edited by Alison Rowlands, 171-190. New York: Palgrave-McMillan, 2009.
* {{cite book|last=Geschiere|first=Peter|title=The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa = Sorcellerie Et Politique En Afrique — la viande des autres|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW0CVu0W6DcC|origyear=Translated from French Edition (1995 Karthala)|date=1997|publisher=University of Virginia Press|isbn=978-0-8139-1703-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Ginzburg|first=Carlo|authorlink=Carlo Ginzburg|author2=Translated by Raymond Rosenthal |title=Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eV0ZhvAkHC0C|origyear=Originally published in Italy as Storia Notturna (1989 Giulio Einaudi)|date=June 2004|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-29693-7}}
* Goss, D. K. (2008). ''The Salem witch trials''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
* Gouges, Linnea de ''From Witch Hunts to Scientific Confidence; The Influence of British and Continental Currents on the Consolidation of the Scandinavian States during the 17th Century'' Nisus Publications, 2014.
* Hall, David, ed. ''[https://www.dukeupress.edu/witch-hunting-in-seventeenth-century-new-england Witch-hunting in Seventeenth-century New England: A Documentary History, 1638–1692]''. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1991.
* [[Lizanne Henderson|Henderson, Lizanne]], [http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/7708/ ''Witch-Hunting and Witch Belief in the Gàidhealtachd''], Witchcraft and Belief in Early Modern Scotland Eds. Julian Goodare, Lauren Martin and Joyce Miller. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007
* Hill, F. (2000). ''The Salem witch trials reader''. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
* Hutton, Ronald (1999) ''The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft'', Oxford, OUP.
* Hyatt, Harry Middleton. ''Hoodoo, conjuration, witchcraft, rootwork: beliefs accepted by many Negroes and white persons, these being orally recorded among Blacks and whites.'' s.n., 1970.
* Kent, Elizabeth. "Masculinity and Male Witches in Old and New England." ''History Workshop'' 60 (2005): 69–92.
* {{cite book|last=Lindquist|first=Galina|title=Conjuring Hope: Magic and Healing In Contemporary Russia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTvYcjeyq3oC|accessdate=20 May 2013|date=2006|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-057-1}}
* Levack, Brian P. ed. ''The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America'' (2013) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Lum96_FPZp0C excerpt and text search]
* Moore, Henrietta L. and Todd Sanders 2001. ''Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, Witchcraft and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa'' London: Routledge.
* Notestein, Wallace. A history of witchcraft in England from 1558 to 1718. New York: Crowell, 1968
* Pentikainen, Juha. "Marnina Takalo as an Individual." C. [[JSTOR]]. 26 February 2007.
* Pentikainen, Juha. "The Supernatural Experience." F. Jstor. 26 February 2007.
* {{cite book |last=Pócs |first=Éva |authorlink=Éva Pócs |date=1999 |title=Between the Living and the Dead: A perspective on Witches and Seers in the Early Modern Age |location=Budapest |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=978-963-9116-19-1}}
* Ruickbie, Leo (2004) ''Witchcraft out of the Shadows: A History'', London, Robert Hale.
* Stark, Ryan J. "Demonic Eloquence," in ''Rhetoric, Science, and Magic in Seventeenth-Century England'' (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2009), 115–45.
* [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=325263 Kabbalah On Witchcraft – A Jewish view (Audio)] chabad.org
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=220&letter=W&search=Witchcraft Jewish Encyclopedia: Witchcraft]
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17203 ''Witchcraft and Devil Lore in the Channel Islands''], 1886, by John Linwood Pitts, from [[Project Gutenberg]]
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17209 ''A Treatise of Witchcraft''], 1616, by Alexander Roberts, from Project Gutenberg
* [http://www.shc.ed.ac.uk/Research/witches/ University of Edinburgh's Scottish witchcraft database]
* [http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/w&r/WR_007_1974.pdf 'Witchcraft and Statecraft, A Materialist Analysis of the European Witch Persecutions']
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