Narkologi: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox Occupation}}'''Narkologi''' ( {{Lang-ru|наркология}} : {{Transl|ru|ISO|narkológija}} dari ''нарко-'' Rusia ( [[wiktionary:narco-|narko-]], ''berkaitan dengan [[Narkoba|narkotika]], [[obat]] terlarang'' ) + ''-логия'' ( [[-logi]], "cabang ilmu") adalah [[ Subspesialisasi |subspesialisasi]] [[psikiatri]] yang menyangkut pencegahan, pengobatan, diagnosis, perawatan sosial, dan pemulihan [[Ketergantungan pada obat|orang yang bergantung pada obat]] . <ref name="БРЭ">{{Cite web|url=https://bigenc.ru/medicine/text/2249238|title=Большая российская энциклопедия: Наркология|last=Гофман А. Г.|website=BIGENC|language=ru|trans-title=Great Russian Encyclopedia: Narcology|access-date=March 31, 2019|archive-date=2019-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401042756/https://bigenc.ru/medicine/text/2249238|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Studi dan ilmu kejadian "narkomania" ,<ref group="note">'"Narcomania"' (наркомания: {{Transl|ru|ISO|narkománija}}: from "narcotic" + "μανία" [madness]) is a Russian narcological term for "drug addiction" or "drug abuse" (the term usually refers to illicit, forbidden by law drugs).</ref>, "toksikomania" ,<ref group="note">'"Toxicomania'" (токсикомания: {{Transl|ru|ISO|toksikománija}}: from "toxic" + "μανία" [madness]) is narcological term for "inhalant abuser", "volatile substances", "benzine", "glue", etc. (related to only non-forbidden drugs)</ref>, [[Alkoholisme|alkoholisme kronis]], dan [[ Penyebab (obat) |ætiologi]], [[patogenesis]], dan aspek klinisnya. <ref name="БРЭ" /> <ref name="WHO-Lexicon">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/who_lexicon/en/narcology|title=Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms published by the World Health Organization|last=World Health Organization|authorlink=World Health Organization|website=WHO.int|language=en|access-date=March 31, 2019}}</ref> Istilah untuk praktisi narkologi adalah '''narkologis'''. Di [[Amerika Serikat]], istilah yang setara adalah " addiction medicine " dan "addictionist".

Narkologi dipisahkan menjadi spesialisasi kesehatan di [[Uni Soviet]] pada awal 1960-an hingga 1970-an. <ref name="Шабанов">{{Cite book|last=Шабанов П. Д.|title=Наркология: Практическое руководство для врачей|trans-title=Narcology: Clinical Practice Guidelines|location=Moscow|publisher=ГЭОТАР-МЕД|date=2003|page=5|isbn=5-9231-0183-1|language=ru}}</ref> Istilah "narkologi" digunakan terutama di negara-negara [[Negaranegara-negara bekas Uni Soviet|bekas Uni Soviet]], termasuk [[Rusia]] . <ref name="WHO-Lexicon" />

Organisasi hak asasi manusia dan badan-badan [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]] mendokumentasikan [[Hak asasi manusia|pelanggaran HAM]] terhadap ''orang yang menggunakan narkoba'' di Rusia, termasuk larangan mutlak terhadap terapi substitusi opioid dan [[ Perawatan metadon |perawatan pemeliharaan metadon]], penggunaan metode tidak ilmiah dalam pengobatan [[ Gangguan adiktif |gangguan kecanduan]], tidak adanya penanganan ketergantungan obat untuk orang dengan kondisi medis yang serius.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Golichenko|first=Mikhail|last2=Chu|first2=Sandra Ka Hon|date=2018-06-01|title=Human rights in patient care: drug treatment and punishment in Russia|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-018-0088-5|journal=Public Health Reviews|volume=39|issue=1|pages=12|doi=10.1186/s40985-018-0088-5|issn=2107-6952|pmc=PMC5984458|pmid=29881644}}</ref>

* [[ Psikiatri kecanduan |Psikiatri kecanduan]]

* [[ Obat kecanduan |Kedokteran kecanduan]]

* {{Cite book|last=Stoimenov|first=Y. A.|first2=M. Y.|last2=Stoimenova|first3=P. Y.|last3=Koeva|date=2003|title=Психиатрический энциклопедический словарь|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_966608306X|trans-title=Psychiatric Encyclopaedic Dictionary|language=ru|location=[[Kiev|Киев]]|publisher=МАУП|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_966608306X/page/565 565]|isbn=966-608-306-X}} <bdi> {{Cite book|last=Stoimenov|first=Y. A.|first2=M. Y.|last2=Stoimenova|first3=P. Y.|last3=Koeva|date=2003|title=Психиатрический энциклопедический словарь|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_966608306X|trans-title=Psychiatric Encyclopaedic Dictionary|language=ru|location=[[Kiev|Киев]]|publisher=МАУП|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_966608306X/page/565 565]|isbn=966-608-306-X}} </bdi> {{Cite book|last=Stoimenov|first=Y. A.|first2=M. Y.|last2=Stoimenova|first3=P. Y.|last3=Koeva|date=2003|title=Психиатрический энциклопедический словарь|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_966608306X|trans-title=Psychiatric Encyclopaedic Dictionary|language=ru|location=[[Kiev|Киев]]|publisher=МАУП|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_966608306X/page/565 565]|isbn=966-608-306-X}}

* {{Cite journal|last=Elovich|first=Richard|last2=Drucker|first2=Ernest|year=2008|title=On drug treatment and social control: Russian narcology's great leap backwards|journal=Harm Reduction Journal|volume=5|issue=1|pages=23|doi=10.1186/1477-7517-5-23|issn=1477-7517}}

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