Gempa bumi Kashmir 2019: Perbedaan antara revisi

| relief = yes }}|local-date={{Date|2019-09-24|dmy}}|local-time=16:02 [[Waktu Standar Pakistan]]|duration=|magnitude=5.6 {{M|w|link=y}}<ref[[Skala name=ANSS>{{ Cite ansskekuatan momen| Pakistan | 2019 | us60005mqp | M 5.6 – 3km S of New Mirpur, Pakistan | access-date=24 September 2019 | mode=cs1 }}<sub>w</refsub>]]|depth={{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}|location={{Coord|33.106|73.766|type:event_region:PK|display=inline,title}}|type=Tunjaman|affected=Pakistan|damages=|intensity=[[Skala mercalli{{MMI|VII (''Sangat kuat'')]]}}|pga=<!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' -->|tsunami=|landslide=|foreshocks=|aftershocks=|casualties=3840 tewas, 723 luka-luka}}

'''Gempa Kashmir 2019''' melanda [[Azad Kashmir]] (wilayah yang dikelola [[Pakistan]] dari wilayah [[Kashmir|Kashmir yang]] [[Konflik Kashmir|disengketakan]])<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news|title=Shoddy homes worsen Pakistan earthquake damage|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-quake-pakistan/death-toll-mounts-in-pakistan-earthquake-but-panic-subsides-idUSKBN1WA0BZ|access-date=26 September 2019|work=Reuters|date=26 September 2019|language=en|archive-date=2019-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925123751/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-quake-pakistan/death-toll-mounts-in-pakistan-earthquake-but-panic-subsides-idUSKBN1WA0BZ|dead-url=no}}</ref> pada 24 September pukul 16:02 waktu setempat (11:02 [[Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi|UTC]]). Itu memiliki kekuatan 5,6 {{M|w}} dan intensitas sentuhan maksimum VII (''sangat kuat'') pada [[skala Mercalli]].<ref>{{Cite nameweb|url=ANSShttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60005mqp/executive|title=M 5.6 - 3km S of New Mirpur, Pakistan|last=|first=|date=|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-09-28|archive-date=2020-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620062209/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60005mqp/executive|dead-url=no}}</ref> Ada kerusakan parah di Distrik Mirpur, menyebabkan kematian 38 orang dan melukai 723 lainnya. <ref name="NDMA_SITREP_04">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NDMA%20Mirpur%20Earthquake%202019%20SITREP%20No.%2004.pdf|title=NDMA Situation Report No. 04 - Mirpur Earthquake 2019 (Dated - 26 September 2019 @ 1530 hours)|last=National Disaster Management Authority|date=26 September 2019|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-date=2020-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913012156/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NDMA%20Mirpur%20Earthquake%202019%20SITREP%20No.%2004.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gempa ini terasa di wilayah Kashmir, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab (Pakistan)]], [[Punjab (India)]], [[Uttarakhand]] dan bagian utara India termasuk [[New Delhi]].<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite news|title=Tremors In Delhi, Parts Of North India After 6.3 Magnitude Earthquake In Pakistan|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/earthquake-today-tremors-in-parts-of-delhi-and-its-neighbouring-areas-2106394|access-date=26 September 2019|work=NDTV.com|archive-date=2019-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926174737/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/earthquake-today-tremors-in-parts-of-delhi-and-its-neighbouring-areas-2106394|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Kashmir terletak di tepi selatan zona [[Tabrakan benua|tabrakan benua yang]] yang luas antara [[Lempeng India|Pelat]] [[Lempeng Eurasia|Eurasia]] dan [[Lempeng India|India]]. Tingkat [[Tabrakan benua|konvergensi]] antara pelat-pelat ini di dekat lokasi ini adalah 38 mm per tahun. <ref name="USGS_map">{{Cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/tectonic/images/himalaya_tsum.pdf|title=Himalaya tectonic summary map|last=USGS|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=2019-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927213959/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/tectonic/images/himalaya_tsum.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Struktur utama yang terlibat dalam mengakomodasi konvergensi ini adalah sesar dorong besar, seperti Dorong Utama Utama dan Dorong Frontal Utama . Dalam zona dorong frontal, ada banyak kesalahan dorong individu. Banyak gempa bumi yang merusak telah dihasilkan dari gerakan pada sesar seperti itu, seperti [[Gempa bumi Asia Selatan 2005|gempa Kashmir 2005]] yang menyebabkan kematian sekitar 87.000 orang.

Pada tanggal 26 September pukul 12:30, dua hari setelah gempa bumi besar, gempa lain menghantam Mirpur, yang menyebabkan 67 orang lagi terluka.<ref name="DawnTremor">{{Cite news|1=|last=AFP, Naqash|first=Tariq|title=67 injured as shallow tremor rocks Mirpur, Jhelum and adjoining areas|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1507474/67-injured-as-shallow-tremor-rocks-mirpur-jhelum-and-adjoining-areas|access-date=26 September 2019|work=DAWN.COM|date=26 September 2019|language=en|archive-date=2019-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926161914/https://www.dawn.com/news/1507474/67-injured-as-shallow-tremor-rocks-mirpur-jhelum-and-adjoining-areas|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gempa ini berkekuatan 4,7 dan berpusat di Thothal Mirpur pada kedalaman {{Convert|10|km}}.<ref name="Koshy">{{Cite news|last=Koshy|first=Jacob|title=Fresh quake near India-Pakistan border|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fresh-quake-near-india-pakistan-border/article29518188.ece|access-date=26 September 2019|work=The Hindu|date=26 September 2019|language=en-IN|archive-date=2023-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418003557/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fresh-quake-near-india-pakistan-border/article29518188.ece|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Gempa bumi menyebabkan kerusakan parah pada 135 rumah di Distrik Mirpur, dengan 319 lebih lanjut sebagian rusak, sebagian besar di Mirpur dan hanya empat di Distrik Bhimber. Dua jembatan dilaporkan rusak dan sebagian jalan rusak, terutama 14 km dari Jalan Utama Jatlan.<ref name="NDMA_SITREP_04">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NDMA%20Mirpur%20Earthquake%202019%20SITREP%20No.%2004.pdf|title=NDMA Situation Report No. 04 - Mirpur Earthquake 2019 (Dated - 26 September 2019 @ 1530 hours)|last=National Disaster Management Authority|date=26 September 2019|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="dawntoll">{{Cite news|last=Chaudhry, Fahad|first=Tariq Naqash|title=Death toll from quake climbs to 38 as relief operations continue|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1507280/death-toll-from-quake-climbs-to-38-as-relief-operations-continue|access-date=26 September 2019|work=DAWN.COM|date=25 September 2019|language=en|archive-date=2019-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926130615/https://www.dawn.com/news/1507280/death-toll-from-quake-climbs-to-38-as-relief-operations-continue|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Menurut ketua Otoritas Manajemen Bencana Nasional Pakistan, sebagian besar kerusakan terjadi di Mirpur dan Jhelum.<ref name="Jolts">{{Cite news|title=30 dead, over 370 injured as quake jolts Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/many-killed-in-pok-after-earthquake-jolts-north-pakistan/article29500160.ece|access-date=27 September 2019|work=The Hindu|date=24 September 2019|language=en-IN|archive-date=2019-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925124109/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/many-killed-in-pok-after-earthquake-jolts-north-pakistan/article29500160.ece|dead-url=no}}</ref> Menurut para pejabat, Bendungan Mangla, waduk air utama Pakistan, selamat. Namun, pembangkit listrik bendungan ditutup, yang mengakibatkan hilangnya 900 [[Watt|megawatt]] ke jaringan listrik nasional Pakistan.

Kanal Jhelum Atas rusak oleh gempa yang mengakibatkan beberapa desa dibanjiri air. Kanal kemudian diperbaiki.<ref name="Jolts">{{Cite news|title=30 dead, over 370 injured as quake jolts Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/many-killed-in-pok-after-earthquake-jolts-north-pakistan/article29500160.ece|access-date=27 September 2019|work=The Hindu|date=24 September 2019|language=en-IN}}</ref>

Tiga puluh delapan orang telah meninggal dan lebih dari 723 terluka sesuai laporan yang diterbitkan pada 26 September. Dari mereka yang meninggal, 33 berada di Distrik Mirpur dengan empat di Distrik Bhimber dan satu lagi di Distrik Jhelum.<ref name="NDMA_SITREP_04">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NDMA%20Mirpur%20Earthquake%202019%20SITREP%20No.%2004.pdf|title=NDMA Situation Report No. 04 - Mirpur Earthquake 2019 (Dated - 26 September 2019 @ 1530 hours)|last=National Disaster Management Authority|date=26 September 2019|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> ''Reuters'' melaporkan, mengutip arsitek, bahwa jumlah besar korban adalah karena metode konstruksi bangunan yang buruk dan standar konstruksi yang lemah di Pakistan.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news|title=Shoddy homes worsen Pakistan earthquake damage|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-quake-pakistan/death-toll-mounts-in-pakistan-earthquake-but-panic-subsides-idUSKBN1WA0BZ|access-date=26 September 2019|work=Reuters|date=26 September 2019|language=en}}</ref> Sardar Gulfaraz Khan, wakil inspektur jenderal polisi untuk distrik Mirpur, menyatakan bahwa sejumlah besar kematian disebabkan oleh runtuhnya rumah-rumah tua di desa-desa.