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'''Ras Arya''' adalah [[Ras (klasifikasi manusia)|kelompok ras]] yang muncul pada periode akhir abad ke-19 dan pertengahan abad ke-20 untuk menggolongkan orang-orang keturunan [[Indo-Eropa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/devdutt-pattanaik-leveraging-the-aryans/17076154|title=Devdutt Pattanaik: Leveraging the Aryans}}</ref>
Konsep ini berasal dari anggapan bahwa [[Proto-Indo-Eropa|penutur asli bahasa Indo-Eropa]] dan keturunannya sampai saat ini merupakan suatu ras atau subras yang berbeda dari [[ras Kaukasia]].<ref>Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief ''Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of "Aryan" in English--Page 66</ref>
== Etimologi ==
{{Main|Arya}}
Istilah ''Arya'' umumnya digunakan untuk menjelaskan akar [[bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran]] ''*arya'' yang merupakan etnonim yang diadopsi oleh bangsa [[Indo-Iran]] untuk menggambarkan bangsa Arya. Kata serumpun dalam [[bahasa Sanskerta]] adalah ''[[ārya]]'' ([[Devanāgarī]]: [[आर्य]]), yang awalnya merupakan penunjukan diri etnis, dalam bahasa Sanskerta Klasik berarti "mulia, terhormat, bangsawan
Dalam ''World Atlas'' karya [[Rand McNally]] edisi 1944, ras Arya digambarkan sebagai salah satu dari sepuluh kelompok ras besar umat manusia.<ref>[[Rand McNally]] (1944) "Races of Mankind" (map)''Rand McNally's World Atlas International Edition'' Chicago: Rand McNally. pp.278–79 – In the explanatory section below the map, the Aryan race (the word "Aryan" being defined in the description below the map as a synonym for "Indo-Europeans") is described as being one of the ten major racial groupings of mankind. Each of the ten racial groupings is depicted in a different [[color]] on the map and the estimated populations in 1944 of the larger racial groups except the Dravidians are given (the Dravidian population in 1944 would have been about 70,000,000). The other nine groups are depicted as being the [[Semitic people|Semitic race]] (the Aryans (850,000,000) and the Semites (70,000,000) are described as being the two main branches of the [[Caucasian race]]), the [[Dravidian race]], the [[Mongoloid race|Mongolian race]] (700,000,000), the [[Malayan race]] (Correct population given on page 413 – 64,000,000 including besides the populations of the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and Madagascar also half of the Malay States, Micronesia, and Polynesia), the [[Indigenous people of the Americas|American Indian race]] (10,000,000), the [[Black people|Negro race]] (140,000,000), the [[Australoid race|Native Australians]], the [[Australoid race|Papuans]], and the [[Capoid race|Hottentots and Bushmen]].</ref> Penulis fiksi ilmiah [[Poul Anderson]], seorang tokoh [[libertarianisme]] anti-rasis berdarah [[Skandinavia]], dalam banyak karyanya secara konsisten menggunakan istilah ''Arya'' sebagai sinonim untuk "Indo-Eropa".<ref>See, for example, the Poul Anderson short stories in the 1964 collection ''[[Time and Stars]]'' and the ''Polesotechnic League'' stories featuring [[Nicholas van Rijn]]</ref>
Ideologi [[Nazisme]] didasarkan pada konsep ras Arya kuno sebagai [[ras unggul]], memegang posisi tertinggi dalam hierarki rasial dan menganggap [[bangsa Jerman]] adalah golongan ras Arya yang paling murni secara rasial.{{sfn|Longerich|2010|p=30}} Konsep Nazi mengenai ras Arya muncul dari para pendukung supremasi ras sesuai dengan yang dijelaskan oleh pakar teori rasial seperti [[Arthur de Gobineau]] dan [[Houston Stewart Chamberlain]].{{sfn|Yenne|2010|pp=21–22}}
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Arya (nama)]]
== Referensi ==
Baris 17 ⟶ 20:
'''Bibliografi'''
* {{cite book | last = Longerich | first = Peter | title = Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews | url = https://archive.org/details/holocaustnaziper0000long | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-19-280436-5 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | ref = harv}}
* {{cite book
| last = Yenne | first = Bill | year = 2010 | title = Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersmasterofd0000yenn | publisher = Zenith | location = Minneapolis | isbn = 978-0-7603-3778-3 | ref = harv }}
'''Bacaan lanjutan'''
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/TheAryanRace.html The Aryan race] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707090923/http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/TheAryanRace.html |date=2010-07-07 }}
* [http://www.bookrags.com/Indo-European_languages Indo-European Languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808132723/http://www.bookrags.com/Indo-European_languages |date=2010-08-08 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071213185740/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/aryan.htm Aryan by Kim Pearson]
* [http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/february/IranianBranch.html Iranian Branch of the Indo-European Family]
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