Danau Tahoe: Perbedaan antara revisi

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== Geografi ==

 

 

Basin Danau Tahoe terbentuk oleh suatu patahan gugus geologis (normal) sekitar 2 hingga 3 juta tahun yang lalu. Patahan gugus geologis adalah suatu patahan dalam lempengan bumi yang menyebabkan gugus-gugus tanah menaik atau menurun. Gugus-gugus yang menaik menciptakan [[Carson Range]] di sebelah timur dan [[Sierra Nevada (AS)|Sierra Nevada]] di sebelah barat. Gugus-gugus yang menurun menciptakan Basin Danau Tahoe di antaranya. Sebagian dari puncak-puncak tertinggi dari Basin Danau Tahoe Basin yang terbentuk dalam proses ini adalah [[Puncak Freel]] dengan ketinggian 3320 m, Puncak Monument (3068 m) (Daerah Ski Heavenly Valley sekarang), Puncak Pyramid (3043 m) (di Gurun Desolation), dan Gunung Tallac (2967 m).

 

<!--Emerald Bay State Park. A view from the east side of the lake-->

 

Vegetation in the basin is dominated by a mixed conifer forest of Jeffrey pine (P. Jeffreyi), lodgepole pine (P. murrayana), white fir (Abies concolor), and red fir (A. magnifica). The basin also contains significant areas of wet meadows and riparian areas, dry meadows, brush fields (with Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus) and rock outcrop areas, especially at higher elevations. Ceanothus is capable of fixing nitrogen, but mountain alder (Alnus tenuifolia), which grows along many of the basin’s streams, springs and seeps, fixes far greater quantities, and contributes measurably to nitrate-N concentrations in some small streams.

The area around Lake Tahoe was originally inhabited by the [[Washoe (tribe)|Washoe]] tribe of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. Lake Tahoe was the center and heart of Washoe Indian territory, including the upper valleys of the Walker, Carson, and Truckee Rivers. They called this area "Da ow a ga", which means "edge of lake". When early pioneers came they mispronounced this word, saying "Da ow", it later evolved into what we call it today, Lake "Tahoe".. Lt. [[John C. Frémont]] and [[Kit Carson]] were the first non-indigenous people to see Lake Tahoe. It was Fremont's 2nd exploratory expedition. On February 14, [[1844]], while searching for the Bonaventura river he first sighted the lake from Red Lake Peak in what is now the Carson Pass. After arriving at Sutter's Fort he designated it Lake Bonpland, in honor of the French explorer and botanist [[Aimé Bonpland|Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland]]. [[John Calhoun Johnson]], Sierra explorer and founder of "Johnson's Cutoff" (now Hwy 50), was the first white-man to see Meeks Bay and from a peak above the lake he named "[[Fallen Leaf Lake, California]]" after his Indian guide. His first employment in the west was in the government service, carrying the mail on snowshoes from Placerville to Nevada City, during which time he gave the name of Lake Bigler to that beautiful body of water now known as Lake Tahoe in honor of California’s governor [[John Bigler]]. In 1853 William Eddy, the surveyor general of California, identified Tahoe as Lake Bigler. In 1862 the [[U.S. Department of the Interior]] first introduced the name Tahoe which continued a debate about naming the lake, in which both names were used until well into the next decade. It wasn’t until 1945 that it was finally and officially named Lake Tahoe. The compromise to partition Tahoe with 2/3 to California and 1/3 to Nevada was reached when California became a state. Putting the state line right through the middle of the lake and then at 39 degrees north latitude, the stateline obliques southeasterly towards the Colorado River. Upon discovery of [[gold]] in the South Fork of the [[American River]] in [[1848]], thousands of west-bound gold seekers passed near the basin on their way to the gold fields. European civilization first made its mark in the Lake Tahoe basin with the [[1858]] discovery of the [[Comstock Lode]], a silver deposit just 15 miles (24 km) to the east in [[Virginia City, Nevada]]. From [[1858]] until about [[1890]], logging in the basin supplied large timbers to shore up the underground workings of the Comstock mines. The logging was so extensive that almost all of the native forest was cut. In [[1864]], Tahoe City was founded as a resort community for Virginia City, the first recognition of the basin’s potential as a destination resort area.

 

 

Public appreciation of the Tahoe basin grew, and during the [[Sixty-second United States Congress|1912, 1913]], and [[Sixty-fifth United States Congress|1918 Congressional session]]s, unsuccessful efforts were made to designate the basin as a [[United States National Park|national park]]. During the first half of the [[20th century]], development around the lake consisted of a few vacation homes. The post-[[World War II]] population and building boom, followed by construction of gambling casinos in the Nevada part of the basin during the mid-[[1950s]], and completion of the interstate highway links for the [[1960 Winter Olympics|1960 Squaw Valley Olympics]], resulted in a dramatic increase in development within the basin. From 1960 to 1980, the permanent resident population increased from about 10,000 to greater than 50,000, and the summer population grew from about 10,000 to about 90,000. Since the 1980s, development has slowed somewhat due to land use controls.

In spite of land-use planning and export of treated sewage effluent from the basin, the lake is becoming increasingly eutrophic (richer in nutrients), with primary productivity increasing by more than 5% annually, and clarity decreasing at an average rate of 0.25 meters per year. Fine sediment, much of it resulting from land disturbance in the basin, accounts for about half of the loss in clarity.

 

 

Lake Tahoe never freezes. Since 1970, it has mixed to a depth of at least 400&nbsp;m a total of 6 or 7 times. Dissolved oxygen is relatively high from top to bottom.

 

== Tourist activities ==

 

===Winter sports===

During [[ski]] season, thousands of people from all over [[California]], including [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], flock to the slopes for some of the best [[skiing]] in the world. Lake Tahoe, in addition to its panoramic beauty, is well known for its [[blizzard]]s.

 

*[[Homewood Ski Resort]]: a medium sized ski area on the west shore

*[[Mount Rose]]: a medium sized ski area north-east of the Lake, on Slide Mountain

 

For an instant overview of the locations and conditions of Tahoe ski resorts, see [http://www.skibonk.com/ski/index.jsp?query=tahoe Ski Bonk's resort map].

 

Scattered throughout Tahoe are public and private [[sled]] parks. Some, such as Granlibakken are equipped with [[rope tow]]s to help sledders get up the hill.

Boating, the primary activity in Tahoe in the summer, is known worldwide. There are lakefront restaurants all over the Lake, most equipped with [[pier|dock]]s and [[buoys]] (See the restaurants section) There are all sorts of boating events, such as sailboat racing, firework shows over the lake, guided cruises, and more. Lake Tahoe also has its own [[Coast Guard]]

 

 

List of Tahoe [[Marinas]]:

 

== Aneka rupa ==

* [[Bandara Internasional Reno/Tahoe]] di [[Reno, Nevada]] dan kendaraan [[Chevrolet Tahoe]] dinamai seturut dengan danau ini.

* Di Pantai Utara terdapat [[Cal Neva Resort]] (yang pernah dimiliki oleh [[Frank Sinatra]]) yang dilintasi garis batas antar negara bagian (bahkan juga melalui kolam renangnya).

 

 

== Puncak dan gunung-gunung (dalam kaki) ==

 

== Lihat pula ==

 

== Catatan kaki ==

 

== Rujukan terpilih ==

 

== Pranala luar ==

{{commonscat|Lake Tahoe}}

* [http://www.rntl.net/tahoecam.htm TAHOE CAM ~Live webcam~]

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[[Kategori:Basin]]

[[Kategori:Danau di Amerika Serikat]]

[[Kategori:Resort ski di Amerika Serikat]]