Penculikan mempelai: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Penculikan mempelai''', yang juga dikenal sebagai '''pernikahan melalui penculikan''' atau '''pernikahan melalui penangkapan''', adalah sebuah praktik di mana seorang pria menculik seorang wanita yang ia ingin dinikahi. Penculikan mempelai telah dipraktikkan di seluruh dunia dan sepanjang sejarah. Praktik tersebut masih terjadi di negara-negara di [[Asia Tengah]], kawasan [[Kaukasus]] dan sebagian Afrika, dan sejumlah suku seperti [[Mong|suku Hmong]] di [[Asia Tenggara]], [[suku Tzeltal]] di Meksiko, dan [[orang Rom|suku Romani]] di Eropa.
Di kebanyakan negara, penculikan mempelai dianggap sebagai [[kejahatan seks]] ketimbang [[jenis pernikahan|bentuk pernikahan]] yang sah. Beberapa jenis dari praktik tersebut juga dipandang jatuh di antara [[pernikahan paksa]] dan [[pernikahan perjodohan]]. Istilah tersebut terkadang digunakan tak hanya meliputi penculikan, tetapi juga [[kawin lari]], di mana sebuah pasangan melarikan diri bersama dan menghindari perhatian dari orang tua mereka; hal tersebut masing-masing dianggap sebagai penculikan yang tak dikehendaki dan dikehendaki. Namun, bahkan saat praktik tersebut bertentangan dengan hukum, penegakan yudisialnya masih lemah di beberapa wilayah, seperti [[Moldova]], [[Kirgizstan]] dan [[Chechnya]].
Baris 31:
* Rimonte, Nilda "A Question of Culture: Cultural Approval of Violence against Women in the Pacific-Asian Community and the Cultural Defense'", ''Stanford Law Review'', Vol. 43, No. 6 (Jul. 1991), pp. 1311–1326.
* Stross, Brian. "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture." ''Anthropological Quarterly''. 47:3 (July 1974), pp. 328–346.
* Werner, Cynthia, "[http://www.cynthiawerner.com/uploads/2/2/0/6/22066332/2004_werner_-_women_marriage_nation-state.pdf Women, marriage, and the nation-state: the rise of nonconsensual bride kidnapping in post-Soviet Kazakhstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306155726/http://cynthiawerner.com/uploads/2/2/0/6/22066332/2004_werner_-_women_marriage_nation-state.pdf |date=2016-03-06 }}", in ''The Transformation of Central Asia''. Pauline Jones Luong, ed. Ithaca, New York: [[Cornell University Press]], 2004, pp. 59–89.
* Yang, Jennifer Ann. "Marriage By Capture in the Hmong Culture: The Legal Issue of Cultural Rights Versus Women's Rights", ''Law and Society Review'' at UCSB, Vol. 3, pp. 38–49 (2004).
=== Laporan hak asasi manusia ===
* Amnesty International, [https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR56/009/2006 ''Georgia—Thousands Suffering in Silence: Violence Against Women in the Family''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104081651/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR56/009/2006 |date=2015-01-04 }}, AI Index: EUR 56/009/2006, September 2006 (last accessed 18 Aug 2011).
* Georgian Young Lawyers' Association & OMCT, [http://www.omct.org/pdf/VAW/2006/CEDAW_36th/CEDAW36_VAW_in_Georgia_en.pdf ''Violence Against Women in Georgia: Report submitted on the occasion of the 36th session of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013121017/http://www.omct.org/pdf/vaw/2006/CEDAW_36th/cedaw36_vaw_in_georgia_en.pdf |date=2008-10-13 }}, August 2006 (last accessed 18 Aug 2011).
* Human Rights Watch, [https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2006/09/26/reconciled-violence ''Reconciled to Violence: State Failure to Stop Domestic Abuse and Abduction of Women in Kyrgyzstan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731064431/http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2006/09/26/reconciled-violence |date=2013-07-31 }}, Vol. 8, No. 9, September 2006 (last accessed 28 Jan 2009).
* Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre, [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a360c7b19.html "Georgia: Bride-kidnapping in Georgia"], 8 June 2009 (last accessed 18 Aug 2011).
* Pusurmankulova, Burulai, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070623101054/http://faculty.philau.edu
* U.S. Department of State, [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100499.htm ''Rwanda: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2007''], 11 March 2008 (last accessed 28 Jan 2009).
* OSCE, [http://www.osce.org/odihr/66044 Building the Capacity of Roma Communities to Prevent Trafficking in Human Beings], 12 June 2007, (last accessed 9 Mar 2012).
Baris 46:
=== Artikel berita dan laporan radio ===
* Aminova, Alena, [http://faculty.philau.edu/kleinbachr/uzbekistan_kidnappping.htm "Uzbekistan: No Love Lost in Karakalpak Bride Thefts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407091031/http://faculty.philau.edu/kleinbachr/uzbekistan_kidnappping.htm |date=2016-04-07 }}, Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 14 June 2004
* Armstrong, Jane, [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080424.wbrides04262/BNStory/Front/home/?pageRequested=1 "Rage or Romance?"], ''Globe and Mail'' (Canada), 26 April 2008
* BBC, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/371944.stm "Ethiopia: Revenge of the Abducted Bride"], 18 June 1999
Baris 58:
* Rakhimdinova, Aijan, [http://www.iwpr.net/?p=wpr&s=f&o=258820&apc_state=henpwpr "Kyrgyz Bride Price Controversy"], Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 22 Dec 2005
* Rodriguez, Alex, "Kidnapping a Bride Practice Embraced in Kyrgyzstan", ''Augusta Chronicle'', 24 July 2005
* Ruremesha, Jean, [http://www.aegis.com/default.asp?req=http://www.aegis.com/news/ips/2003/IP031005.html "RIGHTS-RWANDA: Marriage by Abduction Worries Women's Groups"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525202932/http://www.aegis.com/default.asp?req=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aegis.com%2Fnews%2Fips%2F2003%2FIP031005.html |date=2011-05-25 }}, Inter Press Service, 7 Oct 2003
* Smith, Craig S., "Abduction, Often Violent, a Kyrgyz Wedding Rite", ''NY Times'', 30 April 2005
Baris 64:
* Moua, Teng, [http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003mouat.pdf "The Hmong Culture: Kinship, Marriage & Family Systems"], University of Wisconsin–Stout (May 2003)
* Pamporov, Alexey, [http://epc2006.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=60261 Roma/Gypsy Population in Bulgaria as a Challenge to Policy Relevance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924070514/https://www.osce.org/odihr/66044 |date=2018-09-24 }} (2006)
== Referensi ==
Baris 72:
{{Commons category|Bride kidnapping}}
* [http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/kyrgyzstan/ The Kidnapped Bride: A documentary by Petr Lom]
* [http://faculty.philau.edu/kleinbachr/ala_kachuu.htm Dedicated to Understanding Ala Kachuu (bride-kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan) and Preventing Non-Consensual Marriage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723125150/http://faculty.philau.edu/kleinbachr/ala_kachuu.htm |date=2008-07-23 }}
* [http://www.feminist.com/violence/spot/ethiop.html Spotlight on: Violence Against Girls in Ethiopia – Marriage by Abduction and Rape]
* [http://www.aegis.com/news/ips/2003/IP031005.html Rights-Rwanda: Marriage by Abduction Worries Women's Groups] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041114130054/http://www.aegis.com/news/ips/2003/IP031005.html |date=2004-11-14 }}
* [http://www.thespektator.co.uk/issue_2.html Article on the kidnap of a young girl for marriage in Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712043045/http://www.thespektator.co.uk/issue_2.html |date=2009-07-12 }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00tf1w8 BBC documentary about stolen brides in Chechnya] Aired August 2010.
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