Hidroksizin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Drugbox
| verifiedrevid = 461774177
| image = Hydroxyzine.svg
| width = 250
| alt =
| image2 = Hydroxyzine-3d-sticks.png
| width2 = 250
| alt2 =
<!--Clinical data-->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|h|aɪ|ˈ|d|r|ɒ|k|s|ᵻ|z|iː|n}}
| tradename = Atarax,<ref>{{cite web | title=Atarax: FDA-Approved Drugs | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=010392 | access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> Vistaril,<ref>{{cite web|title=Vistaril: FDA-Approved Drugs|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011459|access-date=5 August 2020|website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) }}</ref> dll
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|hydroxyzine-hydrochloride}}
| MedlinePlus = a682866
| DailyMedID = Hydroxyzine
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_AU_comment =
| pregnancy_category =
| dependency_liability = None <ref name=Hub2001>{{cite book | vauthors = Hubbard JR, Martin PR |title=Substance Abuse in the Mentally and Physically Disabled |date=2001 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780824744977 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MY1kFYk98mQC&pg=PA26 }}</ref>
| routes_of_administration = [[Oral (rute pemberian obat)|Oral]], [[Penyuntikan intraotot|intramuskular]]
| class = [[First generation antihistamine]]<ref name=Chem2020/>
| ATC_prefix = N05
| ATC_suffix = BB01
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N05|BB51}}
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_EU = Rx-only
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_status = Rx-only
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = Tinggi
| protein_bound = 93%
| metabolism = [[Hati]]
| metabolites = [[Setirizin]], dll
| elimination_half-life = Dewasa: 20 jam<ref name="pmid2866055">{{cite journal | vauthors = Paton DM, Webster DR | title = Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines) | journal = Clinical Pharmacokinetics | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 477–497 | date = 1985 | pmid = 2866055 | doi = 10.2165/00003088-198510060-00002 | s2cid = 33541001 }}</ref><ref name="pmid6141198">{{cite journal | vauthors = Simons FE, Simons KJ, Frith EM | title = The pharmacokinetics and antihistaminic of the H1 receptor antagonist hydroxyzine | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 Pt 1 | pages = 69–75 | date = January 1984 | pmid = 6141198 | doi = 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90486-x | doi-access = free }}</ref><br />Lansia: 29,3 jam<ref name="pmid2562944">{{cite journal | vauthors = Simons KJ, Watson WT, Chen XY, Simons FE | title = Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of the H1-receptor antagonist hydroxyzine in the elderly | journal = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–14 | date = January 1989 | pmid = 2562944 | doi = 10.1038/clpt.1989.2 | s2cid = 24571876 }}</ref><br />Anak-anak: 7,1 jam<ref name="pmid2866055" />
| excretion = [[Urin]], [[feses]]
<!--Identifiers-->
| index2_label = as HCl
<!-- | index3_label = as pamoate -->
| IUPHAR_ligand = 7199
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 68-88-2
| CAS_number2 = 2192-20-3
| CAS_supplemental = 10246-75-0 ([[pamoate]])
| PubChem = 3658
| PubChem2 = 91513
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00557
| DrugBank2 = DBSALT000343
<!-- | DrugBank3 = DBSALT000984 -->
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 3531
| ChemSpiderID2 = 82634
<!-- | ChemSpiderID3 = 23443 -->
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 30S50YM8OG
| UNII2 = 76755771U3
<!-- | UNII3 = M20215MUFR -->
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D08054
| KEGG2 = D00672
<!-- | KEGG3 = D01096 -->
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 5818
| ChEBI2 = 5819
<!-- | ChEBI3 = 31680 -->
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 896
| ChEMBL2 = 3186993
<!-- | ChEMBL3 = 1200467 -->
| synonyms = UCB-4492
<!--Chemical data-->
| IUPAC_name = (±)-2-(2-<nowiki/>{4-[(4-klorofenil)-fenilmetil]piperazin-1-il}etoksi)etanol
| C = 21
| H = 27
| Cl = 1
| N = 2
| O = 2
| SMILES = Clc1ccc(cc1)C(c2ccccc2)N3CCN(CC3)CCOCCO
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C21H27ClN2O2/c22-20-8-6-19(7-9-20)21(18-4-2-1-3-5-18)24-12-10-23(11-13-24)14-16-26-17-15-25/h1-9,21,25H,10-17H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
'''Hidroksizin''' merupakan obat [[antihistamin]]. Obat ini digunakan untuk mengatasi rasa [[gatal]], [[kegelisahan|gelisah]], [[insomnia]], dan [[mual]] (termasuk yang disebabkan oleh [[mabuk gerak]]). Obat ini digunakan baik melalui mulut atau disuntikan ke otot.<ref name=AHSF2018>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/hydroxyzine-hydrochloride.html|title=Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref>
Hidroksizin bekerja dengan cara menghalangi efek [[histamin]].<ref name="BNF74">{{cite book |title=British national formulary : BNF 74 |date=2017 |publisher=British Medical Association |isbn=978-0857112989 |edition=74 |page=X}}</ref> Obat ini adalah antihistamin generasi pertama dalam keluarga bahan kimia piperazina.<ref name="AHSF2018" /><ref name="Chem2020">{{cite web |title=Hydroxyzine |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hydroxyzine |access-date=4 March 2020 |publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]] (NLM)}}</ref> Efek samping yang umum termasuk rasa kantuk, sakit kepala, dan [[Xerostomia|mulut kering]].<ref name=AHSF2018/><ref name=BNF74/> Efek samping yang serius mungkin termasuk perpanjangan QT.<ref name=BNF74/> Tidak jelas apakah penggunaannya selama kehamilan atau menyusui aman.<ref name=AHSF2018/>
Obat ini pertama kali dibuat oleh [[UCB (perusahaan|Union Chimique Belge]] pada tahun 1956 dan disetujui untuk dijual oleh [[Pfizer]] di Amerika Serikat pada akhir tahun itu.<ref name=AHSF2018/><ref name=Shor2009>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8VaYF8pIPxgC&q=hydroxyzine%201956&pg=PR13|title=Before Prozac: the troubled history of mood disorders in psychiatry|vauthors=Shorter E|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195368741|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]}}</ref>
== Kimia ==
Hidroksizin dipasok terutama sebagai garam dihidroklorida (hidroksizin hidroklorida) tetapi juga dalam jumlah yang lebih sedikit sebagai garam embonat (hidroksizin pamoat).[63][64][65] Berat molekul hidroksizin, hidroksizin dihidroklorida, dan hidroksizin pamoat masing-masing adalah 374,9 g/mol, 447,8 g/mol, dan 763,3 g/mol.[4] Karena perbedaan berat molekulnya, 1 mg hidroksizin dihidroklorida setara dengan sekitar 1,7 mg hidroksizin pamoat.[66]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:Antagonis 5-HT2A]]
[[Kategori:Alkohol primer]]
[[Kategori:Penghalang alfa-1]]
[[Kategori:Antiemetik]]
[[Kategori:Anksiolitik]]
[[Kategori:Penghambat CYP2D6]]
[[Kategori:Antagonis D2]]
[[Kategori:Eter]]
[[Kategori:Antagonis reseptor H1]]
[[Kategori:Klorsiklizina]]
[[Kategori:Sedatif]]
[[Kategori:Antagonis reseptor serotonin]]
[[Kategori:Piperazina]]
[[Kategori:Eter glikol]]
[[Kategori:Etanolamina]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa 4-klorofenil]]
[[Kategori:Antihistamin]]
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