Fluoksetin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox drug
| verifiedrevid = 456481815
| image = Fluoxetine.svg
| width =
| alt =
| image2 = R-and-S-fluoxetine-enantiomers-based-on-HCl-xtal-Mercury-3D-balls.png
| width2 = 250
| alt2 =
| caption = Fluoksetin (top),<br />(''R'')-fluoksetin (kiri), (''S'')-fluoksetin (kanan)
| chirality = [[Racemic mixture]]
<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|f|l|u|ˈ|ɒ|k|s|ə|t|iː|n}}<br />{{respell|floo|OKS|ə|teen}}
| tradename = Elizac, Nopres, Prozac, Sarafem, dll
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|fluoxetine-hydrochloride}}
| MedlinePlus = a689006
| DailyMedID = Fluoxetine
| pregnancy_AU = C
| pregnancy_AU_comment =
| pregnancy_category =
| dependency_liability =
| addiction_liability = None<ref name=Hub2001>{{cite book | vauthors = Hubbard JR, Martin PR |title= Substance Abuse in the Mentally and Physically Disabled |date=2001 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8247-4497-7 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MY1kFYk98mQC&pg=PA26 }}</ref>
| routes_of_administration = Oral
| class = [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI)<ref name=AHFS2015/>
| ATC_prefix = N06
| ATC_suffix = AB03
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATCvet|N06|AB03}}
<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_AU_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017 | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | date=21 June 2022 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/publication/publications/prescription-medicines-registration-new-generic-medicines-and-biosimilar-medicines-2017 | access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref>
| legal_BR = C1
| legal_BR_comment = <ref>{{cite web |author=Anvisa |author-link=Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency |date=31 March 2023 |title=RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial |trans-title=Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control|url=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803143925/https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |publisher=[[Diário Oficial da União]] |language=pt-BR |publication-date=4 April 2023}}</ref>
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_CA_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Mental health | website=[[Health Canada]] | date=9 May 2018 | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/health/drug-health-products/drug-medical-device-highlights-2017/approved-drugs/mental-health.html | access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled -->
| legal_DE_comment =
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment =
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_UK_comment =
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US_comment = <ref name="Prozac FDA label" /><ref name="Sarafem FDA label" />
| legal_EU = Rx-only
| legal_EU_comment =
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV -->
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above -->
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability = 60–80%<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Fluoxetine Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/fluoxetine-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208193110/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/fluoxetine-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref>
| protein_bound = 94–95%<ref name="Prozac FDA label">{{cite web | title=Prozac- fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule | website=DailyMed | date=23 December 2021 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c88f33ed-6dfb-4c5e-bc01-d8e36dd97299 | access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
| metabolism = Hati (kebanyakan dimediasi oleh [[Sitokrom P450 2D6|CYP2D6]])<ref name=TGA/>
| metabolites = Norfluoxetine, desmethylfluoxetine
| onset =
| elimination_half-life = 1–3 hari (akut)<br />4–6 hari (kronis)<ref name=TGA/><ref name=PK/>
| duration_of_action =
| excretion = Urin (80%), feses (15%)<ref name=TGA>{{cite web|title=Prozac Fluoxetine Hydrochloride|work=TGA eBusiness Services|publisher=Eli Lilly Australia Pty. Limited|date=9 October 2013|access-date=23 November 2013|url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-04098-3|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425231029/https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-04098-3|archive-date=25 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=PK>{{cite journal | vauthors = Altamura AC, Moro AR, Percudani M | title = Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine | journal = Clinical Pharmacokinetics | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 201–14 | date = March 1994 | pmid = 8194283 | doi = 10.2165/00003088-199426030-00004 | s2cid = 1406955 }}</ref>
<!-- Identifiers -->
| index2_label = as HCl
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number = 54910-89-3
| CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number2 = 56296-78-7
| CAS_supplemental =
| PubChem = 3386
| PubChem2 = 62857
| IUPHAR_ligand = 203
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00472
| DrugBank2_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank2 = DBSALT000087
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 3269
| ChemSpiderID2_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID2 = 56589
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 01K63SUP8D
| UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII2 = I9W7N6B1KJ
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00326
| KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG2 = D00823
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 5118
| ChEBI2_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI2 = 5119
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 41
| ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL2 = 1201082
| NIAID_ChemDB =
| PDB_ligand =
| synonyms =
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name = ''N''-metil-3-fenil-3-[4-(trifluorometil)fenoksi]propan-1-amina
| C = 17| H = 18| F = 3| N = 1| O = 1
| SMILES = CNCCC(c1ccccc1)Oc2ccc(cc2)C(F)(F)F
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3
| StdInChI_comment =
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density =
| density_notes =
| melting_point = 179
| melting_high = 182
| melting_notes =
| boiling_point = 395
| boiling_notes =
| solubility = 14
| sol_units =
| specific_rotation =
}}
'''Fluoksetin''' adalah obat anti depresan yang dikonsumsi untuk mengatasi [[Depresi (psikologi)|depresi]], [[bulimia nervosa]], gangguan obsesif kompulsif (gangguan pikiran yang sulit hilang serta memerlukan tindakan berulang), gangguan pola makan, dan serangan kepanikan (kepanikan mendadak, ketakutan berlebih, kekhawatiran atau kecemasan terhadap suatu serangan)<ref name="medicinesforchildren.org.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk/fluoxetine-depression-obsessive-compulsive-disorder-and-bulimia-nervosa|title=Fluoxetine for depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and bulimia nervosa {{!}} Medicines for Children|website=www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk|access-date=2019-12-12|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022063920/https://www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk/fluoxetine-depression-obsessive-compulsive-disorder-and-bulimia-nervosa|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a689006.html|title=Fluoxetine: MedlinePlus Drug Information|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12|archive-date=2023-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608054044/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a689006.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Fluoksetin hanya boleh dikonsumsi dengan [[Resep dokter|resep]] dokter. Fluoksetin adalah jenis obat [[oral]] dalam bentuk [[tablet]] dan [[kapsul]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fluoxetine-prozac/|title=Fluoxetine (Prozac): an antidepressant|date=2019-01-08|website=nhs.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12|archive-date=2023-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521203152/https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fluoxetine-prozac/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Fluoksetin merupakan obat anti depresan yang bekerja di [[saraf]] otak dengan meningkatkan aktivitas zat kimia yang disebut [[serotonin]].<ref name="medicinesforchildren.org.uk"/> Fluoksetin dapat dikonsumsi oleh orang dewasa dan anak-anak berusia 8 tahun lebih untuk mengatasi depresi namun tidak boleh dikonsumsi oleh penderita [[Diabetes melitus|diabetes]] karena dapat mempersulit kestabilan [[gula darah]].<ref name=":0" />
== Sejarah ==
Baris 8 ⟶ 126:
Dua peneliti lain, Bryan Molloy dan Wong bergabung dengan Fuller dalam penelitian Eli Lilly. Pada tahun 1971 Bryan dan Wong mengikuti kuliah yang mempelajari neurotransmisi yang disampaikan oleh seorang peneliti dari [[Universitas Johns Hopkins]], Solomon Synder.<ref name=":1" />
Wong kemudian menggunakan teknik yang telah disampaikan Solomon Synder untuk menguji efek berbagai [[Senyawa kimia|senyawa]], yang salah satunya ia menemukan senyawa fluoksetin untuk mengatasi kerja serotonin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/history-antidepressant-prozac-4079788|title=Who Invented the Antidepressant Prozac and How Does It Work?|last=CalmX|first=some as|last2=Artist|first2=Was an Experimental|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14|last3=Director|first3=Film|last4=producer|last5=Creator|first5=Video Game Content|last6=inventors|first6=freelance writer for some 18 years She specialized in writing about|last7=inventions|last8=March 2015|first8=in particular Bellis died in|archive-date=2021-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420090416/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-antidepressant-prozac-4079788|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Eli Lilly menggunakan fluoksetin atau prozac untuk pengobatan [[Tekanan darah tinggi|darah tinggi]]. Ia dan ketiga rekannya melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Pada tahun 1986, perusahaan farmasi Eli Lilly mengenalkan fluoksetin sebagai obat untuk depresi klinis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Prozac|title=Prozac {{!}} drug|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14|archive-date=2023-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306022811/https://www.britannica.com/science/Prozac|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Efek Samping ==
Baris 17 ⟶ 135:
*
*
* Obat ini bisa menimbulkan efek samping umum atau ringan seperti mual, sakit kepala, susah tidur, diare, dan kelelahan.<ref name=":0" />
* Fluoksetin bisa menyebabkan gejala efek samping berat seperti kadar natrium dalam darah yang rendah sehingga bisa menimbulkan sakit kepala, kelelahan, kesulitan berkonsentrasi dan mengingat sesuatu. Selain itu, obat ini juga bisa menimbulkan kejang, ''bruxism,'' ganguan pada jantung, sindrom serotonin, serta [[Glaukoma|glaukoma kronik]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Fluoxetine-(Prozac)|title=Fluoksetin (Prozac)|last=|first=|date=|website=Fluoksetin (Prozac)|access-date=13 Desember 2019|archive-date=2020-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302093410/https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Fluoxetine-(Prozac)|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
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[[Kategori:Anorektik]]
[[Kategori:Antagonis 5-HT2C]]
[[Kategori:Antidepresan]]
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Antagonis 5-HT3]]
[[Kategori:Antikejang]]
[[Kategori:Penghambat CYP2D6]]
[[Kategori:Modulator alosterik positif reseptor GABAA]]
[[Kategori:Antagonis nikotinat]]
[[Kategori:Agonis sigma]]
[[Kategori:Eter fenol]]
[[Kategori:Amina sekunder]]
[[Kategori:Penghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin selektif]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa trifluorometil]]
[[Kategori:Obat yang dikembangkan oleh Eli Lilly and Company]]
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]]
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