Koronavirus: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Penyangkalan-medis}}
{{Infobox spesies
| item = Q57751738
| subdivision_ranks
| subdivision = ▼
| subdivision_ref = <ref name=ICTV2018b>{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=24 January 2020 |language=en |date=March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304035352/https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ |archive-date=4 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Betacoronavirus]]''<br />▼
* ''[[
* ''[[Deltacoronavirus]]''
| synonyms = *''Coronavirinae''
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="2017.012-015S">{{cite web |title=2017.012-015S |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/2017.012_015S.A.v1.Nidovirales.zip |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=24 January 2020 |language=en |format=xlsx |date=October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514162836/https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/2017.012_015S.A.v1.Nidovirales.zip |archive-date=14 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="OrthocoronavirinaeICTV">{{cite web |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: ''Orthocoronavirinae'' |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org//taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201851847 |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=24 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="FanZhao2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fan Y, Zhao K, Shi ZL, Zhou P | title = Bat Coronaviruses in China | journal = Viruses | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 210 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30832341 | pmc = 6466186 | doi = 10.3390/v11030210 }}</ref>
}}
'''Koronavirus'''<ref name="
Koronavirus merupakan [[amplop virus|virus beramplop]] dengan [[genom]] [[RNA]] utas tunggal plus dan [[kapsid|nukleokapsid]] berbentuk heliks simetris. [[Jumlah genom]] koronavirus berkisar antara 27–34 kilo [[pasangan basa]], terbesar di antara [[virus RNA]] yang diketahui.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sexton NR, Smith EC, Blanc H, Vignuzzi M, Peersen OB, Denison MR | title = Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 90 | issue = 16 | pages = 7415–7428 | date = Agustus 2016 | pmid = 27279608 | pmc = 4984655 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.00080-16 | quote = CoVs also have the largest known RNA virus genomes, ranging from 27 to 34 kb (31, 32), and increased fidelity in CoVs is likely required for the maintenance of these large genomes (14).}}</ref> Nama koronavirus berasal dari [[bahasa Latin]] ''corona'' yang artinya mahkota, yang mengacu pada tampilan partikel virus (virion): mereka memiliki pinggiran yang mengingatkan pada [[mahkota]] atau [[korona|korona matahari]].
== Penemuan ==
Koronavirus ditemukan pada 1960-an.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caringlyyours.com/coronavirus/|title=Coronavirus: Common Symptoms, Preventive Measures, & How to Diagnose It|date=2020-01-28|website=Caringly Yours|language=en-US|access-date=28 Januari 2020}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Virus yang paling awal ditemukan adalah virus [[bronkitis infeksius burung|bronkitis infeksius pada ayam]] dan dua virus dari [[rongga hidung]] manusia dengan flu biasa yang kemudian diberi nama ''[[human coronavirus 229E]]'' dan ''[[human coronavirus OC43]]''.<ref name="pmid23202515">{{cite journal | vauthors = Geller C, Varbanov M, Duval RE | title = Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies | journal = Viruses | volume = 4 | issue = 11 | pages = 3044–68 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23202515 | pmc = 3509683 | doi = 10.3390/v4113044 }}</ref> Sejak saat itu, anggota koronavirus yang lain mulai diidentifikasi, termasuk ''[[SARS-CoV]]'' pada 2003, ''[[Human coronavirus NL63|HCoV NL63]]'' pada 2004, ''[[Human coronavirus HKU1|HKU1]]'' pada 2005, ''[[MERS-CoV]]'' (sebelumnya dikenal sebagai 2012-nCoV) pada 2012, dan ''[[SARS-CoV-2]]'' (sebelumnya dikenal sebagai 2019-nCoV) pada 2019; sebagian besar dari virus-virus ini terkait dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan yang serius.
== Nama dan morfologi ==
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== Penularan ==
Penularan koronavirus dari manusia ke manusia diperkirakan terjadi melalui kontak langsung dalam jarak dekat via tetesan kecil atau [[Percikan pernapasan|percikan]] (''droplet'') dari saluran pernapasan yang dihasilkan penderita saat bersin dan batuk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html|title=Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) {{!}} CDC|date=2020-01-31|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=1 Februari 2020}}</ref>
== Taksonomi ==
Nama ilmiah untuk koronavirus adalah ''Orthocoronavirinae'' atau ''Coronavirinae''.
{| class="wikitable"
!Genus
Baris 31 ⟶ 36:
!Inang
|-
| rowspan="
|''[[Colacovirus]]''
|''[[Bat coronavirus CDPHE15]]''
|kelelawar
|-
Baris 45 ⟶ 50:
|''[[Duvinacovirus]]''
|''[[Human coronavirus 229E]]''
|manusia, kelelawar, unta
|-
|''[[Luchacovirus]]''
Baris 51 ⟶ 56:
|rodensia
|-
|''[[Ferret coronavirus]]''▼
|''[[ferret]]''▼
|-▼
|''[[Mink coronavirus 1]]''
|''[[mink]], [[ferret]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Minunacovirus]]''
Baris 69 ⟶ 71:
|kelelawar
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Nyctacovirus]]''
|''[[Nyctalus velutinus alphacoronavirus SC-2013]]''
|kelelawar
▲|-
|kelelawar
|-
Baris 90 ⟶ 95:
|''[[NL63-related bat coronavirus strain BtKYNL63-9b]]''
|kelelawar
|-▼
|''[[Sorex araneus coronavirus T14]]''
|celurut
|-
|''[[Suncus murinus coronavirus X74]]''
|celurut
|-
|''[[Tegacovirus]]''
Baris 95 ⟶ 108:
|anjing, kucing, babi
|-
| rowspan="
| rowspan="
|''[[Betacoronavirus 1]]''
|manusia, sapi, kuda, babi
Baris 108 ⟶ 121:
|''[[Murine coronavirus]]''
|rodensia
|-
|''[[Myodes coronavirus 2JL14]]''
|vole
|-
|''[[Hibecovirus]]''
Baris 126 ⟶ 142:
|kelelawar
|-
| rowspan="
|''[[Eidolon bat coronavirus C704]]''
|kelelawar
|-
|''[[Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1]]''
|kelelawar
Baris 135 ⟶ 154:
|''[[Sarbecovirus]]''
|''[[SARS-CoV|Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]]''
|manusia, kelelawar,
|-
| rowspan="5" |''[[Gammacoronavirus]]''
|''[[Brangacovirus]]''
|itik
|-
▲| rowspan="2" |''[[Gammacoronavirus]]''
|''[[Cegacovirus]]''
|''[[Beluga whale coronavirus SW1]]''
|[[paus (mamalia)|paus]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |''[[Igacovirus]]''
|''[[Avian coronavirus]]''
|burung
|-
|''[[Avian coronavirus 9203]]''
|burung▼
|-
|''[[Duck coronavirus 2714]]''
|itik
|-
| rowspan="7" |''[[Deltacoronavirus]]''
Baris 151 ⟶ 180:
|burung
|-
| rowspan="
|''[[Bulbul coronavirus HKU11]]''
|burung
|-
|''[[Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21]]''
|burung
|-
Baris 166 ⟶ 198:
|''[[Herdecovirus]]''
|''[[Night heron coronavirus HKU19]]''
▲|burung
▲|-
▲|''[[Moordecovirus]]''
▲|''[[Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21]]''
|burung
|}
== Koronavirus manusia ==
Koronavirus diyakini menyebabkan
Tujuh galur koronavirus manusia yang saat ini diketahui:
Baris 201 ⟶ 229:
| Wabah MERS 2015 di Korea Selatan
| [[MERS-CoV]]
| 36<ref name=who>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/25-october-2015-mers-korea/en/|title=Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
|-
| Wabah MERS 2018
Baris 210 ⟶ 238:
| [[SARS-CoV-2]]
| Paling tidak {{Kasus pada wabah koronavirus 2019–2020|deaths|editlink=|ref=}}
|}
== Referensi ==
Baris 220 ⟶ 248:
* {{commonscat-inline|Coronaviridae}}
{{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q57751738|from2=Q15233924|from3=Q290805}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Kategori:Virus]]
[[Kategori:Coronaviridae]]
[[Kategori:Genus virus]]
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