Perang Salib Ketiga: Perbedaan antara revisi
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(30 revisi perantara oleh 13 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 3:
| conflict = Perang Salib Ketiga
| partof = [[Perang Salib]]
| image = [[Berkas:Siege of
| caption = [[Pengepungan Akko (1189–1191)|Pengepungan Akko]] merupakan konfrontasi besar yang pertama dalam Perang Salib Ketiga
| date = 1189–1192
Baris 16:
* [[Negara-negara Tentara Salib]] dari kaum Levantin dipulihkan dan diakui kedua belah pihak.
* Jaminan keselamatan para peziarah dari kaum Kristen maupun Muslim di seluruh Levant.
| combatant1 = '''[[Perang salib|Tentara salib]]:''' <br />
[[Berkas:Royal_Arms_of_England.svg|20px]] [[Kerajaan Inggris]]<br>([[Kekaisaran Angevin]]) * [[Kadipaten Normandia]]
{{Collapsible list|title=[[Berkas:France Ancient Arms.svg|20px]] [[Kerajaan Prancis]]|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;|
* [[Kadipaten Burgundia]]
* [[Kepangeranan Blois]]}}
{{Collapsible list|title=[[Berkas:Shield and Coat of Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (c.1300-c.1400).svg|20px]] [[Kekaisaran Romawi Suci]]|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;|
* [[Kadipaten Swabia]]
* [[Kadipaten Austria]]
*
* [[Markgraf Montferrat]]
* [[Markgra Brandenburg]]
}}{{Plainlist|
* [[Berkas:Rubenid Flag.svg|tepi|22px]] [[Kerajaan Armenia Kilikia|Kerajaan Kilikia]]
* [[Berkas:Hungary Arms.svg|20px]] [[Kerajaan Hungaria (1000–1301)|Kerajaan Hungaria]]
* [[Berkas:Armoiries_Gênes.svg|20px]] [[Republik Genoa]]
* [[Berkas:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Pisa.svg|20px]] [[Republik Pisa]]}}
'''Levantine [[Negara-negara Tentara Salib]]:'''<br />
* [[Berkas:Arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.svg|18px]] [[Kerajaan Jerusalem]]
* [[Berkas:Armoiries Tripoli.svg|18px]] [[Comitatus Tripolitanus]]
* [[Berkas:Armoiries Bohémond VI d'Antioche.svg|18px]] [[Kepangeranan Antiokhia]]
{{Collapsible list|title='''[[Ordo militer]]'''|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;|
* [[Knights Templar]]
* [[Knights Hospitaller]]
Baris 34 ⟶ 44:
* [[Order of Saint Lazarus]]
* [[Knights of Saint Thomas]]
}}
| combatant2 = {{plainlist|▼
'''Sekutu [[Kekristenan timur|Kristen timur]]:'''
* [[Kerajaan Armenia Kilikia|Kepangeranan Armenia Kilikia]]}}
| combatant2 = ''' Negara-negara [[Suni|Suni Muslim]]:'''
{{plainlist|
*[[Dinasti Ayyubiyyah|Kesultanan Ayyubiyyah]]
** [[Sultan Mesir|Kesultanan Mesir]]
** [[Daftar penguasa Ayyubiyyah#Sultan dan Amir Damaskus|Keamiran Damaskus]]
** [[Daftar penguasa Ayyubiyyah#Amir Hamah|Keamiran Hama]]
** [[Daftar penguasa Ayyubiyyah#Amir keamiran Mesopotamia|
*[[Kesultanan Rûm]]}}
----
Baris 49 ⟶ 64:
*[[Siprus pada Abad Pertengahan#Penaklukan kembali Bizantium|Kekaisaran Siprus]]
*[[Kerajaan Sisilia]]}}
| commander1 = '''Tentara Salib:'''
{{plainlist| *[[Richard I dari Inggris|Raja Richard sang Hati Singa]]{{KIA}}
*[[Philippe II dari Prancis|Raja Philippe Auguste]]
** [[Hugues III, Adipati Bourgogne|Adipati Hugues III dari Bourgogne]]
** [[Thibaut V dari Blois|Comte Thibaut V dari Blois]]{{KIA}}
** [[Henri II, Comte Champagne|Comte Henri II dari Champagne]]
** [[Guy dari Lusignan]]
Baris 72 ⟶ 88:
** [[Albrecht II, Markgraf Brandenburg|Albrecht II dari Brandenburg]]
*[[Levon I, Raja Armenia|Lord Levon dari Armenia]]
*[[Géza, putra Géza II dari
| commander2 = '''Pasukan Sunni Muslim:'''
* [[Salahuddin Ayyubi]]
** [[Al-Muzaffar Umar]]
** [[Al-Adil I]]
** [[Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din|Al-Afdal]]
** [[Gökböri]]
* [[Kilij Arslan II]]
<hr />
'''Lawan dari kaum Kristen Timur:'''
* [[Isaac II Angelos]]
|
| strength1 = {{plainlist|
*Inggris: 8.000 orang<ref name="Chisholm294">H. Chisholm, ''The Encyclopædia Britannica : A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information'', 294</ref>
*Prancis: 2.000 orang<ref name="Phillips66">J. Phillips, ''The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople'', 66</ref> (belum termasuk para Templar dan tentara lainnya dari Kerajaan Yerusalem)
*Jerman: 15.000-100.000
*
| strength2 = Tidak diketahui
| strength3 =
Baris 95 ⟶ 114:
{{Perang Salib}}
}}
'''Perang Salib Ketiga''' ([[1189]]–[[1192]]), juga dikenal sebagai '''Perang Salib Para Raja''', merupakan suatu upaya para pemimpin Eropa untuk merebut kembali [[Tanah Suci]] dari [[
Setelah kegagalan [[Perang Salib Kedua]], Dinasti [[Zengid]] mengendalikan [[Penaklukan Islam di Suriah|Suriah]] yang telah dipersatukan dan terlibat dalam konflik dengan para pemimpin [[Kekhalifahan Fatimiyah|Fatimiyah]] dari [[Mesir pada Abad Pertengahan|Mesir]]. Para pasukan Suriah dan Mesir akhirnya bersatu di bawah pimpinan
Setelah para tentara salib menghalau kaum Muslim dari Akko, Philippe bersama dengan penggantinya Friedrich, yaitu [[Luitpold V dari Austria|Luitpold V, Adipati Austria]] (dikenal sebagai Luitpold yang Budiman), meninggalkan
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Perang Salib 1197]]
{{reflist}}
== Referensi ==
▲;Catatan
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* Asbridge, T., ''The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land'' (London, 2010).
* {{cite book|last1=Bachrach|first1=Bernard S.|last2=Bachrach|first2=David S.|date=2017|title=Warfare in Medieval Europe c.400 – c.1453|location=Abingdon, Oxon|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1138887664|url-status=live}}
* ''De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum'', translated by James A. Brundage, in ''The Crusades: A Documentary Survey''. Marquette University Press, 1962.▼
* [[Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad|Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad]], ''The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin'', trans. D.S. Richards (Aldershot, 2001).
* {{cite book|title=The Crusader World|editor-first=Adrian|editor-last=Boas|chapter=The Fall of Jerusalem (1187) as viewed from Byzantium|url-status=live|first=Michael|last=Angold|publisher=Routledge|year=2016}}
▲* ''[[Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum|De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum]]'', translated by James A. Brundage, in ''The Crusades: A Documentary Survey''. Marquette University Press, 1962.
* ''La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184–1192)'', edited by Margaret Ruth Morgan. L'[[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]], 1982.
* [[Ambroise]], ''The History of the Holy War'', translated by Marianne Ailes. Boydell Press, 2003.
*{{cite book|first=Jim|last=Bradbury|title=Philip Augustus: King of France, 1180–1223|orig-year=1998|url-status=live|year=2013|publisher=Routledge}}
* Chronicle of the Third Crusade, a Translation of ''Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi'', translated by Helen J. Nicholson. Ashgate, 1997.
*{{cite book|title=A German Third Crusader's Chronicle of His Voyage and the Siege of Almohad Silves, 1189 AD / Muwahid Xelb, 585 AH: De Itinere Navali|year=2013|first=Dana|last=Cushing|publisher=Antinomy|url-status=live}}
*{{cite journal |title=Narratio de Itinere Navali Peregrinorum Hierosolymam Tendentium et Silviam Capientium, A.D. 1189 |first=Charles Wendell |last=David |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=81 |issue=5 |year=1939 |pages=591–676 |jstor=985010}}
* Francesco Gabrieli, (ed.) ''Arab Historians of the Crusades'', English translation 1969, ISBN 0-520-05224-2▼
* {{
* Edde, A-M., ''Saladin'', trans. J.M. Todd (London, 2011).
* Harris, Jonathan (2014), ''Byzantium and the Crusades'', Bloomsbury, 2nd ed. ISBN 978-1-78093-767-0.▼
*{{cite book|last=Freed|first=John|year=2016|title=Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth|url=https://archive.org/details/frederickbarbaro0000free|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, CT|isbn=978-0-300-122763|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|authorlink=David Nicolle|last=Nicolle|first=David|title=The Third Crusade 1191: Richard the Lionheart and the Battle for Jerusalem|series=Osprey Campaign|volume=161|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey|year=2005|isbn=1-84176-868-5 }}▼
* {{Cite book|last=Gillingham|first=John|title=Richard the Lionheart|url=https://archive.org/details/richardlionheart0000gill|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=1978|isbn=0-297-77453-0|url-status=live}}
* Oman, Charles William Chadwick. (1924) ''A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages'' Vol. I, 378–1278 AD. London: Greenhill Books; Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, reprinted in 1998.▼
▲* Harris, Jonathan (2014), ''Byzantium and the Crusades'', Bloomsbury, 2nd ed. {{ISBN
* {{cite book|last=Hosler|first=John|title=The Siege of Acre, 1189–1191: Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, and the Battle that Decided the Third Crusade|url=https://archive.org/details/siegeofacre118910000hosl|year=2018|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-30021-550-2|url-status=live}}
* Hurlock, Kathryn (2013), ''Britain, Ireland and the Crusades, c.1000–1300'', Basingstoke: Palgrave
* {{Cite book|last=Loud|first=G. A.|title=The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|location=[[Farnham, Surrey]]|year=2010|isbn=9780754665755|url-status=live}}
* Lyons, M.C. & D.E.P Jackson, ''Saladin: Politics of the Holy War'' (Cambridge, 2001).
* {{cite book|editor-last=Magoulias|editor-first=Harry J.|url-status=live|title=O City of Byzantium. Annals of Niketas Choniates|url=https://archive.org/details/ocityofbyzantium0000chon|location=Detroit|publisher=Wayne State University Press|year=1984|isbn=0-8143-1764-2}}
▲* {{Cite book|
▲* Oman,
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|author-link=Steven Runciman|url-status=live|title=A History of the Crusades, Volume Two: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187|year=1952|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QL88AAAAIAAJ|isbn=9780521347716}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=A History of the Crusades, Volume Three: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades|year=1954|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ|isbn=9780521347723|url-status=live}}
* {{Setton-A History of the Crusades | volume = 2}}
* Villegas-Aristizabal, L., [http://campus.usal.es/~revistas_trabajo/index.php/Studia_H_Historia_Medieval/article/viewFile/7639/7688 ''Revisión de las crónicas de Ralph de Diceto y de la Gesta regis Ricardi sobre la participación de la flota angevina durante la Tercera Cruzada en Portugal''], ''Studia Historica- Historia Medieval'' 27 (2009), pp. 153–70.
* Villegas-Aristizabal, Lucas, 2007, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171218/http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/283/2/Norman_and_AngloNorman.pdf ''The Norman and Anglo-Norman Participation in the Iberian Reconquista, c. 1018–1248''], Phd Thesis, Nottingham: University of Nottingham.
{{refend}}
=== Historiografi ===
* Lucas Villegas Aristizabal, [http://campus.usal.es/~revistas_trabajo/index.php/Studia_H_Historia_Medieval/article/viewFile/7639/7688 ''Revisión de las crónicas de Ralph de Diceto y de la Gesta regis Ricardi sobre la participación de la flota angevina durante la Tercera Cruzada en Portugal''], ''Studia Historica- Historia Medieval'' 27 (2009), pp. 153–170.
* Villegas-Aristizabal, Lucas, 2007, [http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/283/2/Norman_and_AngloNorman.pdf ''The Norman and Anglo-Norman Participation in the Iberian Reconquista, c1018-1248''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171218/http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/283/2/Norman_and_AngloNorman.pdf |date=2011-07-18 }}, Phd Thesis, Nottingham: University of Nottingham.
* Wolff, R L and Hazard, H W (Editor), 1969, [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.CrusTwo ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The later Crusades, 1189-1311''], University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 978-0299048440
▲*
* Spencer, Stephen J. "The Third Crusade in historiographical perspective" ''History Compass'' (June 2021) vol 19#7 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/hic3.12662?campaign=woletoc online]
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Third Crusade|position=Right}}* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00547ls Third Crusade], Diskusi BBC Radio 4 dengan Jonathan Riley-Smith, Carole Hillenbrand dan Tariq Ali (''In Our Time'', Nov. 29, 2001)
[[Kategori:Perang yang melibatkan Inggris]]
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