Academy Awards: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{short description|Penghargaan tahunan untuk pencapaian sinematik}}
{{Redirect2|Oscars|The Oscar|other uses|Oscar (disambiguasi){{!}}Oscar}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=Maret 2020}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Academy Awards
| current_awards = Academy Awards ke-
| image =
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| caption = Patung Academy Award ("Oscar")
| awarded_for = ''Prestasi dalam industri film Amerika dan Internasional''
| presenter = [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]▼
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| network = [[Daftar penyiar Academy Awards|Daftar penyiar]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.oscars.org/oscars}}
}}
'''Academy Award''' atau disebut juga piala '''Oscar''' adalah penghargaan film [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] untuk menghargai karya dalam [[industri film]]. Berbagai kategori pemenang diberikan penghargaan berupa sebuah salinan patung oleh ''Academy Award of Merit'', yang lebih dikenal dengan julukan Oscar. Penghargaan ini pertama kali diselenggarakan pada tahun 1929 di [[Hotel Hollywood Roosevelt]], dan diawasi oleh [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] (AMPAS).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/index.html |title = About the Academy Awards |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |accessdate = 13 April 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070407234926/http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/index.html |archivedate = 7 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,273341,00.html|title=The Birth of Oscar|first=Andrew|last=Essex|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=14 May 1999|accessdate=2 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111215005/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,273341,00.html|archivedate=2013-11-11 }}</ref>
Upacara penghargaan ini pertama kali ditayangkan di televisi pada tahun 1953, dan hingga sekarang disiarkan secara langsung lebih dari 200 negara.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Academy Awards|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/about/history.html|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|accessdate=13 Januari 2014|archiveurl=
Acara penghargaan [[Academy Awards ke-92]] diadakan pada 9 Februari 2020. Seperti halnya [[Academy Awards ke-91|perayaan tahun sebelumnya]], tidak ada pembawa acara dalam perayaan ini. Acara ini disiarkan oleh [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] dan berlangsung di [[Dolby Theatre]] di Los Angeles, California, untuk yang ke-18 kalinya berturut-turut. Perayaan ini menandai pertama kalinya dalam sejarah Oscar di mana lebih dari tiga film telah menerima sepuluh atau lebih nominasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discoverlosangeles.com/things-to-do/historic-academy-awards-venues|title=Historic Academy Awards Venues|website=Discover Los Angeles|access-date=November 5, 2019|archive-date=April 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404053846/https://www.discoverlosangeles.com/things-to-do/historic-academy-awards-venues|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebanyak 3.140 piala Oscar telah dianugerahkan sejak penghargaan ini pertama kali diadakan pada tahun 1929.<ref name="statuette">{{cite web |title=Oscar Statuette |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/statuette |access-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182257/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/statuette |archive-date=March 1, 2017}}</ref>
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== Sejarah ==
[[Berkas:1stOscars 1929.jpg|jmpl|ka|Perayaan [[Academy Awards ke-1|Academy Awards pertama]] yang diadakan di [[Hotel Hollywood Roosevelt]].]]
Upacara penganugerahan [[Academy Awards ke-1|Academy Awards pertama]] diadakan pada 16 Mei 1929, dalam suatu acara makan malam pribadi di [[Hotel Hollywood Roosevelt]] yang dihadiri oleh sekitar 270 orang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1929|title=The 1st Academy Awards {{!}} 1929|website=Oscars.org {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|access-date=October 29, 2019|archive-date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001234905/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1929|url-status=live}}</ref>
Perayaan pasca-penganugerahan diadakan di Mayfair Hotel.<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/about/history.html |title=History of the Academy Awards |work=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706040444/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/about/history.html |archive-date=July 6, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Biaya tiket tamu untuk acara malam itu adalah $5 (${{Inflation|US|5|1929}} pada 2020). Lima belas piala dianugerahkan, untuk menghormati seniman, sutradara dan para pekerja industri perfilman pada saat itu, atas karya mereka selama periode 1927–28. Perayaan ini berlangsung selama 15 menit.
Pemenang diumumkan ke media tiga bulan sebelumnya. Hal tersebut diubah pada upacara penghargaan kedua pada tahun 1930. Sejak saat itu, selama sisa dekade pertama, hasilnya diberikan kepada surat kabar untuk diterbitkan pada pukul 11:00 malam pada malam penghargaan.<ref name="history" /> Metode ini digunakan sampai tahun 1940, ketika ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' mengumumkan para pemenang sebelum upacara dimulai; Akibatnya, Akademi, sejak 1941, menggunakan amplop tertutup untuk mengumumkan nama-nama pemenangnya.<ref name="history" />
== Perayaan Penghargaan ==
Berikut ini adalah daftar seluruh perayaan Academy Awards sejak 1929.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Scott Bowles|title=Low Oscar Ratings Cue Soul-Searching|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2008-02-26-oscar-ratings_N.htm|work=USAToday|date=
{| class="
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! rowspan=2 style="width:180px;"|Perayaan
! rowspan=2 style="width:150px;"|Tanggal
! rowspan=2 style="width:280px;"|Pemenang Film Terbaik
! rowspan=2 style="width:180px;"|Lama Penyiaran
! rowspan=2 style="width:150px;"|Jumlah Pemirsa
! rowspan=2 style="width:080px;"|Peringkat
! colspan=2 style="width:200px;"|Pembawa Acara
! rowspan=2 style="width:300px;"|Tempat Penyelenggaraan
! rowspan=2|Jaringan TV
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! Utama
! Pra Acara
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| [[Academy Awards ke-18]] || 7 Maret 1946 || ''{{sort|lost w|[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]}}'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope]], {{nowrap|[[James Stewart (aktor)|James Stewart]]}}
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| [[Academy Awards ke-19]] || 13 Maret 1947 || ''{{sort|best years|[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]}}'' || — || — || — || [[Jack Benny]] || [[Shrine Auditorium]]
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| [[Academy Awards ke-20]] || 20 Maret 1948 || ''[[Gentleman's Agreement]]'' || — || — || — || [[Agnes Moorehead]], Dick Powell || [[Shrine Auditorium]]
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-21]] || 24 Maret 1949 || ''[[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]'' || — || — || — || [[Robert Montgomery (actor)|Robert Montgomery]] || [[Teater Pantages
|-
| {{nowrap|[[Academy Awards ke-22]]}} || 23 Maret 1950 ||''[[All the King's Men (1949 film)|All the King's Men]]'' || — || — || — || [[Paul Douglas (actor)|Paul Douglas]] || rowspan="3" |[[Teater Pantages
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| [[Academy Awards ke-23]] || 29 Maret 1951 || ''[[All About Eve]]'' || — || — || — || [[Fred Astaire
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| [[Academy Awards ke-24]] || 20 Maret 1952 || ''{{sort|american in p|[[An American in Paris (film)|An American in Paris]]}}'' || — || — || — || [[Danny Kaye
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| [[Academy Awards ke-25]] || 19 Maret 1953 || ''{{sort|greatest show|[[The Greatest Show on Earth]]}}'' || — || 40 juta || — || [[Bob Hope]], {{nowrap|[[Conrad Nagel]]}} || [[New York Coliseum|NBC International Theatre]]
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-26]] || 25 Maret 1954 || ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || — || 43 juta || — || [[Donald O'Connor]], [[Fredric Maret]] || rowspan="4" |[[Teater Pantages (Hollywood)|Teater Pantages]]/<br>[[New Century Theatre|NBC Century Theatre]]
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-27]] || 30 Maret 1955 || ''[[On the Waterfront]]'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope]], {{nowrap|[[Thelma Ritter]]}}
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| [[Academy Awards ke-28]] || 21 Maret 1956 || ''[[Marty (film)|Marty]]'' || — || — || — || [[Jerry Lewis]], {{nowrap|[[Claudette Colbert]],}} {{nowrap|[[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]}}
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| [[Academy Awards ke-29]] || 27 Maret 1957 || ''[[Around the World in 80 Days (film)|Around the World in {{nowrap|80 Days}}]]'' || — || — || — || [[Jerry Lewis]], {{nowrap|[[Celeste Holm]]}}
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-30]] || 26 Maret 1958 || ''{{sort|bridge|[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]}}'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope]], {{nowrap|[[David Niven]],}} {{nowrap|[[James Stewart (
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-31]] || 6 April 1959 || ''[[Gigi (film)|Gigi]]'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope]], [[David Niven]], [[Tony Randall]], [[Mort Sahl]], [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Jerry Lewis
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-32]] || 4 April 1960 || ''[[Ben-Hur (film)|Ben-Hur]]'' || 1 jam, 40 menit || — || — || [[Bob Hope
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-33]] || 17 April 1961 || ''{{sort|apartment|[[The Apartment]]}}'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope]] || rowspan="8" |[[Santa Monica Civic Auditorium]]
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-34]] || 9 April 1962 || ''[[West Side Story (film)|West Side Story]]'' || {{nowrap|2 jam, 10 menit}} || — || — || [[Bob Hope
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-35]] || 8 April 1963 || ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' || — || — || — || [[Frank Sinatra
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| [[Academy Awards ke-36]] || 13 April 1964 || ''[[Tom Jones (film)|Tom Jones]]'' || — || — || — || [[Jack Lemmon
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| [[Academy Awards ke-37]] || 5 April 1965 || ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-38]] || 18 April 1966 || ''{{sort|sound of m|[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]}}'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope
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| [[Academy Awards ke-39]] || 10 April 1967 || ''{{sort|man for all|[[A Man for All Seasons (film)|A Man for All Seasons]]}}'' || 2 jam, 31 menit || — || — || [[Bob Hope
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-40]] || 10 April 1968 || ''[[In the Heat of the Night (film)|In the Heat of the Night]]'' || — || — || — || [[Bob Hope
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-41]] || 14 April 1969 || ''[[Oliver! (film)|Oliver!]]'' || — || — || — || Tidak Ada || rowspan="19" |[[Dorothy Chandler Pavilion]]
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-42]] || 7 April 1970 || ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]'' || 2 jam, 25 menit || — || 43,40 || Tidak Ada
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-43]] || 15 April 1971 || ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]'' || — || — || — || Tidak Ada
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-44]] || 10 April 1972 || ''{{sort|french|[[The French Connection (film)|The French Connection]]}}'' || — || — || — || [[Helen Hayes]], [[Alan King (comedian)|Alan King]], [[Sammy Davis, Jr.]], [[Jack Lemmon
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-45]] || 27 Maret 1973 || ''{{sort|godfather1|[[The Godfather]]}}'' || 2 jam, 38 menit || — || — || [[Carol Burnett]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Charlton Heston]], [[Rock Hudson
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-46]] || 2 April 1974 || ''{{sort|sting|[[The Sting]]}}'' || 3 jam, 23 menit || — || — || [[John Huston]], [[Burt Reynolds]], [[David Niven]], [[Diana Ross
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-47]] || 8 April 1975 || ''{{sort|godfather2|[[The Godfather Part II]]}}'' || 3 jam, 20 menit || — || — || [[Sammy Davis, Jr.]], {{nowrap|[[Bob Hope]],}} {{nowrap|[[Shirley MacLaine]],}} {{nowrap|[[Frank Sinatra]]}}
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-48]] || 29 Maret 1976 || ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the {{nowrap|Cuckoo's Nest}}]]'' || 3 jam, 12 menit || — || — || [[Goldie Hawn]], [[Gene Kelly]], [[Walter Matthau]], [[George Segal]], {{nowrap|[[Robert Shaw (
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-49]] || Maret 28, 1977 || ''[[Rocky]]'' || 3 jam, 38 menit || — || — || [[Warren Beatty]], [[Ellen Burstyn]], [[Jane Fonda]], [[Richard Pryor
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-50]] || 3 April 1978 || ''[[Annie Hall]]'' || 3 jam, 30 menit || {{nowrap|39,73 juta}} || 31,10 || [[Bob Hope
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| [[Academy Awards ke-51]] || 9 April 1979 || ''{{sort|deer hunter|[[The Deer Hunter]]}}'' || 3 jam, 25 menit || — || — || [[Johnny Carson
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-52]] || 14 April 1980 || ''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'' || 3 jam, 12 menit || — || — || [[Johnny Carson
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-53]] || 31 Maret 1981 || ''[[Ordinary People]]'' || 3 jam, 13 menit || — || — || [[Johnny Carson
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-54]] || 29 Maret 1982 || ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' || 3 jam, 24 menit || — || — || [[Johnny Carson
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-55]] || 11 April 1983 || ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' || 3 jam, 15 menit || — || — || [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Dudley Moore]], {{nowrap|[[Richard Pryor]],}} {{nowrap|[[Walter Matthau]]}}
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-56]] || 9 April 1984 || ''[[Terms of Endearment]]'' || 3 jam, 42 menit || — || 38,00 || [[Johnny Carson
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-57]] || 25 Maret 1985 || ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]'' || 3 jam, 10 menit || — || — || [[Jack Lemmon
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-58]] || 24 Maret 1986 || ''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]'' || 3 jam, 02 menit || 38,65 juta || 25,71 || [[Alan Alda]], {{nowrap|[[Jane Fonda]],}} {{nowrap|[[Robin Williams]]}}
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-59]] || 30 Maret 1987 || ''[[Platoon (film)|Platoon]]'' || 3 jam, 19 menit || 39,72 juta || 25,94 || [[Chevy Chase]], [[Goldie Hawn]], {{nowrap|[[Paul Hogan]]}}
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| [[Academy Awards ke-60]] || 11 April 1988 || ''{{sort|last emperor|[[The Last Emperor]]}}'' || 3 jam, 33 menit || 42,04 juta || 27,80 || [[Chevy Chase]] || [[Shrine Auditorium]]
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| [[Academy Awards ke-73]] || 25 Maret 2001 || ''[[Gladiator (film)|Gladiator]]'' || 3 jam, 23 menit || 42,93 juta || 25,86 || [[Steve Martin]] || [[Shrine Auditorium]]
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-74]] || 24 Maret 2002 || ''{{sort|beautiful mind|[[A Beautiful Mind (film)|A Beautiful Mind]]}}'' || 4 jam, 23 menit || 40,54 juta || 25,13 || [[Whoopi Goldberg]] || rowspan="10"|[[Kodak Theatre]]<br>(nama sebelumnya dari [[Dolby Theatre]])
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-75]] || 23 Maret 2003 || ''[[Chicago (film)|Chicago]]'' || 3 jam, 30 menit || 33,04 juta || 20,58 || [[Steve Martin
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| [[Academy Awards ke-76]] || 29 Februari 2004 || ''{{sort|lord of|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Lord of the Rings:<br />The Return of the King]]}}'' || 3 jam, 44 menit || 43,56 juta || 26,68 || [[Billy Crystal
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| [[Academy Awards ke-77]] || 27 Februari 2005 || ''[[Million Dollar Baby]]'' || 3 jam, 14 menit || 42,16 juta || 25,29 || [[Chris Rock
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-78]] || 5 Maret 2006 || ''[[Crash (film)|Crash]]'' || 3 jam, 33 menit || 38,64 juta || 22,91 || [[Jon Stewart
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-79]] || 25 Februari 2007 || ''{{sort|departed|[[The Departed]]}}'' || 3 jam, 51 menit || 39,92 juta || 23,65 || [[Ellen DeGeneres
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| [[Academy Awards ke-80]] || 24 Februari 2008 || ''[[No Country for Old Men (film)|No Country for Old Men]]'' || 3 jam, 21 menit || 31,76 juta || 18,66 || [[Jon Stewart
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-81]] || 22 Februari 2009 || ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' || 3 jam, 30 menit || 36,94 juta || 21,68 || [[Hugh Jackman
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-82]] || 7 Maret 2010 || ''{{sort|hurt locker|[[The Hurt Locker]]}}'' || 3 jam, 37 menit || 41,62 juta || 24,75 || [[Steve Martin]], {{nowrap|[[Alec Baldwin]]}}
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-83]] || 27 Februari 2011 || ''{{sort|kings|[[The King's Speech]]}}'' || 3 jam, 15 menit || 37,63 juta || 21,97 ||[[James Franco]], [[Anne Hathaway (aktris)|Anne Hathaway
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-84]] || 26 Februari 2012 || ''[[The Artist (film)|The Artist]]'' || 3 jam, 14 menit || 39,30 juta || 25,50 || [[Billy Crystal]] || [[
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-85]] || 24 Februari 2013<ref>
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-86]] || 3 Maret 2014 || ''[[12 Years a Slave (film)|12 Years a Slave]]'' || 3 jam, 34 menit || 43,74 juta || 24,70 || [[Ellen DeGeneres
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| [[Academy Awards ke-87]] || 22 Februari 2015 || ''[[Birdman]]'' || 3 jam, 43 menit || 37,26 juta || 20,60 || [[Neil Patrick Harris
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| [[Academy Awards ke-88]] || 28 Februari 2016 || ''[[Spotlight (film)|Spotlight]]'' || 3 jam, 37 menit || 34,42 juta || 19,40 || [[Chris Rock
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| [[Academy Awards ke-89]] || 26 Februari 2017 || ''[[Moonlight (film 2016)|Moonlight]]'' || 3 jam, 49 menit || 32,90 juta || 22,40 || [[Jimmy Kimmel
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| [[Academy Awards ke-90]] || 4 Maret 2018 || ''[[The Shape of Water]]'' || 3 jam, 53 menit || 26,50 juta || 18,90 || [[Jimmy Kimmel
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| [[Academy Awards ke-91]] || 24 Februari 2019 || ''[[Green Book (film)|Green Book]]'' || 3 jam, 21 menit || 29,60 juta || 20,60 || rowspan="2" {{N/A|''Tidak ada''}}
|-
| [[Academy Awards ke-92]] || 9 Februari 2020 || ''[[Parasite (film 2019)|Parasite]]'' || 3 jam, 36 menit || 23,60 juta || 13,60<ref>{{cite news |last=Ferguson |first=LaToya |date=February 10, 2020 |title=The 92nd Academy Awards Set a New All-Time Ratings Low |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/02/92nd-academy-awards-ratings-all-time-low-1202210426/ |work=IndieWire |access-date=March 2, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|}
Baris 273 ⟶ 272:
;Dokumenter
* [[Film Dokumenter Terbaik (Oscar)|Film Dokumenter Terbaik]]: 1943 sampai sekarang
* [[Film Dokumenter Pendek Terbaik (Oscar)|Film Dokumenter Pendek Terbaik]]:
== Lihat pula ==
* [[
* [[
== Referensi ==
{{
== Bacaan
* Brokaw, Lauren (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100307140008/http://thedailytruffle.com/2010/03/oscar-week-parties-the-weekly-juice-oscar-edition/ "Wanna see an Academy Awards invite? We got it along with all the major annual events surrounding the Oscars"]. Los Angeles: ''The Daily Truffle''.
* {{
*
* {{cite book |last=Levy
* Wright, Jon (2007). ''The Lunacy of Oscar: The Problems with Hollywood's Biggest Night''. Thomas Publishing, Inc.
== Pranala luar ==
<!-- Please do not list any more fan sites here as per [[WP:NOT]] -->▼
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* {{IMDb event|0000003|Academy Awards}}
* [http://www.oscars.org/oscars/awards-databases-0 Basis data resmi Academy Awards] (pencarian)
▲<!-- Please do not list any more fan sites here as per [[WP:NOT]] -->
{{Academy Awards Chron}}
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