Agama di Uni Emirat Arab: Perbedaan antara revisi

|caption = Agama di Uni Emirat Arab (20052021 sensus)<ref name=religiousfreedom>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148850.htm|title=United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report |publisher=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |accessdate=2011-01-12}}</ref>

|value1 = 7670

|value2 = 1533.35

|color2 = GoldDodgerBlue

|label3 = Agama lainHindu

|value3 = 915.10

|color3 = DodgerBlueOrange

[[Islam]] adalahialah agama mayoritas di '''[[Uni Emirat Arab]]'''. Semua [[Emirat]] berpenduduk mayoritas [[Islam]], sekitar 85% [[Sunni|Islam Sunni]] dan 15% lainnya [[Syi'ah|Islam Syi'ah]]. Terdapat juga sebagian kecil dari Muslim [[Syi'ah]] [[Ismaili]] dan [[Ibadi]].<ref name="The World Factbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk| publisher=CIA | title=The World Factbook|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2010-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528170605/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Garis keturunan keluarga [[An Nahayan]] dan [[Al Maktoum]] berpegang kepada hukum fikih Islam Sunni beraliran [[Mazhab]] [[Maliki]]. Beberapa pengikut dari [[Hambali]] dari [[Islam Sunni]] dapat ditemukan di [[Emirat Sharjah|Sharjah]], [[Umm al-Quwain]], [[Ras al-Khaimah]] dan [[Ajman]].<ref>Barry Rubin (2009), Guide to Islamist Movements, Volume 2, ME Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-1747-7, p. 310</ref> Pengikut tersebut termasuk keluarga [[Al Qasimi]]. Agama lain yang ada di Uni Emirat Arab yaitu [[Kekristenan]] (Mayoritas Kedua), dan juga agama Minoritas lainnya seperti [[Buddhisme]], [[Hinduisme]], [[Yudaisme]] dan [[Sikhisme]] dianut oleh masyarakat imigran.<ref name="irf127360">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127360.htm |title=United Arab Emirates |publisher=State.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-11-24}}</ref>

Syari'ah di Uni Emirat Arab menjadi suatu hukum utama. [[Cambuk]] hukuman bagi para pelaku kriminal berupa perzinahan, minuman keras, dan pelecehan seksual.<ref name=bergner>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqIkQz68_fgC&pg=PA2203|title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2008|work=Jeffrey T. Bergner|page=2203}}</ref><ref name="flog">{{cite web|url=http://fanack.com/en/countries/uae/administration-politics/torture-and-flogging/ |title=Torture and flogging|work=Fanack|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131138/http://fanack.com/en/countries/uae/administration-politics/torture-and-flogging/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.humanrightsvoices.org/EYEontheUN/un_101/figures/?p=2484|title=U.N. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: United Arab Emirates|work=Human Rights Voices|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111230016/http://www.humanrightsvoices.org/EYEontheUN/un_101/figures/?p=2484|dead-url=yes}}</ref> agama islam. Karena negara ini mempraktekan hukum syari’ah, mencambuk adalah diperbolehkan dengan peraturan jumlah cambukan antara 80 hingga 200 cambukan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com.kw/books?id=O5rs8UkMj64C&pg=PA2092|title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007|page=2092}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corpun.com/counaej.htm|title=UAE: Judicial corporal punishment by flogging|work=World Corporal Punishment Research}}</ref> Antara tahun 2007 dan 2013, beberapa penduduk mendapat hingga 100 cambukan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://7daysindubai.com/news-14918/|title=Pregnant maid to get 100 lashes after being found guilty of illegal affair|date=9 October 2013|publisher=7daysindubai.com|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006151535/http://7daysindubai.com/news-14918/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=281982|work=Gulf Daily News|title=Teenager to be lashed for adultery}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/crime/illicit-lovers-sentenced-to-100-lashes-each-1.712261|title=Illicit lovers sentenced to 100 lashes each|date=15 November 2010|work=Gulf News}}</ref><ref name="khaleejtimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/inside.asp?xfile=/data/courtroundup/2013/September/courtroundup_September33.xml&section=courtroundup|title=Two women sentenced to death for adultery|date=25 September 2013|work=Khaleej Times|access-date=2022-01-09|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082800/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/inside.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fcourtroundup%2F2013%2FSeptember%2Fcourtroundup_September33.xml&section=courtroundup|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/courts/prison-for-couple-who-conceived-outside-of-wedlock|title=Prison for couple who conceived outside of wedlock|quote=KA, 19, Emirati, was sentenced to six months in prison. Her would-be husband, AM, Omani, was sentenced to 100 lashes and one year in prison.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/crime/adulterer-to-be-lashed-jailed-in-sharjah-1.624274|title=Adulterer to be lashed, jailed in Sharjah|date=9 May 2010|work=Gulf News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/uae/report-2007|title=UAE – Amnesty International 2007|quote=In June, in the Emirate of Fujairah, a Shari'a (Islamic) court imposed a sentence of death by stoning on Shahin 'Abdul Rahman, a Bangladeshi national, after convicting him of adultery with Asma Bikham Bijam, a migrant domestic worker, who was sentenced to receive a flogging of 100 lashes and to be imprisoned for one year.|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2014-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129012625/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/uae/report-2007|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2010/06/the-court-in-abu-dhabi-ruled-today-that-the-18-year-old-emirati-woman-who-accused-six-men-of-gang-rape-will-serve-a-one-year.html|title=DUBAI: Alleged victim of gang rape sentenced to one year in prison|quote= At that point, she was facing a penalty for extramarital sex, which is 100 lashes and a minimum of three years in prison.}}</ref> Di Abu Dhabi, penduduk yang ketahuan berciuman di depan umum akan dihukum sebanyak 80 kali cambukan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/courts/couple-deny-kissing-on-abu-dhabi-corniche?fb_action_ids=|title=Couple deny kissing on Abu Dhabi Corniche|quote=A man jailed and sentenced to 80 lashes for drunkenly kissing his girlfriend on the Corniche.}}</ref> Hukum Islam juga berlaku untuk kejahatan berupa minuman keras. Di Abu Dhabi dan Ajman hukuman bagi orang yang menenggak minuman keras adalah 80 cambukan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/crime/man-to-get-80-lashes-for-drinking-alcohol-1.585233|title=Man to get 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Ajman|date=19 February 2010|work=Gulf News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/courts/man-appeals-80-lashes-for-drinking-alcohol-in-abu-dhabi|title=Man appeals 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Abu Dhabi|date=9 August 2012|work=The National}}</ref> Seorang tentara Estonia dicambuk sebanyak 40 kali pada tahun 2006 karena hal ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/crime/estonian-soldier-to-be-lashed-1.233170|title=Estonian soldier to be lashed|last=Al Jandaly|first=Bassma|date=16 April 2006|work=Gulf News}}</ref> Hukuman 60 cambukan juga berlaku bagi para pelaku seks gelap.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/crime/girl-to-receive-60-lashes-for-illicit-sex-1.185126|title=Girl to receive 60 lashes for illicit sex|date=20 June 2007|work=Gulf News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2006/July/theuae_July99.xml&section=theuae&col=|title=Two sex workers are sentenced to lashes|date=3 July 2006|work=Khaleej Times|access-date=2022-01-09|archive-date=2010-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922114523/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data%2Ftheuae%2F2006%2FJuly%2Ftheuae_July99.xml&section=theuae&col=|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=11353|title=Indian lover in UAE sentenced to 60 lashes}}</ref><!-- Sharia courts have penalized domestic workers with floggings. --><ref name="drm">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/node/129797/section/10|title=VI. Charges and Penalties against Domestic Workers|publisher=Human Rights Watch|year=2014|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2015-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203095636/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/node/129797/section/10|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dibawah hukum Uni Emirat Arab, pelaku seks sebelum menikah dikenakan hukuman 100 cambukan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/woman-denies-affair-after-hearing-she-faces-stoning|title=Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning|quote=Under the same law, premarital sex is punishable by 100 lashes.}}</ref>

Hukuman melempar batu adalah hukuman yang legal di Uni Emirat Arab bagi para pelaku zina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE25/005/2006/en|title=UAE: Death by stoning/ flogging|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Antara tahun 2009 dan 2013, beberapa pelaku meninggal dunia akibat hukuman ini.<ref name="khaleejtimes.com" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-man-faces-stoning-in-uae-for-incest-1090813|title=Man faces stoning in UAE for incest}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/woman-denies-affair-after-hearing-she-faces-stoning|title=Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning|date=29 July 2009|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]}}</ref> Pada Mei 2014 seorang pembantu rumah tangga dikenai hukuman ini di Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://7daysindubai.com/expat-faces-death-stoning-admitting-court-cheating-husband/|title=Expat faces death by stoning after admitting in court to cheating on husband|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154624/http://7daysindubai.com/expat-faces-death-stoning-admitting-court-cheating-husband/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://emirateswoman.com/2014/05/05/woman-sentenced-death-stoning-abu-dhabi/|title=Woman Sentenced to Death by Stoning in UAE|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2015-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930135248/http://emirateswoman.com/2014/05/05/woman-sentenced-death-stoning-abu-dhabi/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qatarliving.com/news/posts/asian-housemaid-gets-death-adultery-abu-dhabi|title=Asian housemaid gets death for adultery in Abu Dhabi}}</ref><ref name="lia">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-28638553|title=Britons 'liable to Sharia divorces' in UAE|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

[[Kemurtadan]] adalah suatu kejahatan yang dapat dijatuhi [[hukuman mati]] di UEA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/10/us-religion-atheists-idUSBRE9B900G20131210|title=Atheists face death in 13 countries, global discrimination: study|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2015-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613195856/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/10/us-religion-atheists-idUSBRE9B900G20131210|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://beaveronline.co.uk/the-international-briefing-persecution-of-atheists-and-apostates/|title=The International Briefing: Persecution of Atheists and Apostates|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2015-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428131415/http://beaveronline.co.uk/the-international-briefing-persecution-of-atheists-and-apostates/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Uni Emirat Arab menganggap kemurtadan adalah suatu tindakan pidana<ref name="shar">{{cite journal|author=Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-Muhairi |year=1996|jstor=3381546 |title=The Islamisation of Laws in the UAE: The Case of the Penal Code|journal=Arab Law Quarterly|volume=11|issue=4 |pages=350–371}}</ref><ref name="shar" /><ref>Al-Muhairi (1997), Conclusion to the Series of Articles on the UAE Penal Law. Arab Law Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 4</ref> Bercumbu di depan umum dapat dihukum dengan [[deportasi]].<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/public-kissing-can-lead-to-deportation |title=Public kissing can lead to deportation|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]}}</ref> Orang asing yang berciuman di tempat umum di Dubai akan dikenakan hukuman deportasi.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8602449.stm|title=Jailed Dubai kissing pair lose appeal over conviction}}</ref><ref name="gulfnews">{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/crime/women-get-jail-and-deportation-for-kissing-on-dubai-public-beach-1.106824 |title=Women get jail and deportation for kissing on Dubai public beach |work=Gulf News |date=25 May 2008 }}</ref><ref name="bbc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/10507147|title=London man tells of 'shock' jailing in Dubai over kiss}}</ref> Di Abu Dhabi, penduduk yang berciuman di depan umum akan mendapatkan 80 cambukan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/courts/couple-deny-kissing-on-abu-dhabi-corniche?fb_action_ids=|title=Couple deny kissing on Abu Dhabi Corniche|quote=A man jailed and sentenced to 80 lashes for drunkenly kissing his girlfriend on the Corniche}}</ref>

Homoseksual di Uni Emirat Arab adalah homoseksualitas dianggap sebagai salah satu penghinaan bagi negara UEA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arc-international.net/global-advocacy/universal-periodic-review/u/united-arab-emirates|title=United Arab Emirates|quote=Facts as drug trafficking, homosexual behaviour, and apostasy are liable to capital punishment.}}</ref><ref name="arc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.care2.com/causes/man-accused-of-gay-handshake-stands-trial-in-dubai.html|title=Man Accused of 'Gay Handshake' Stands Trial in Dubai|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2015-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030104723/http://www.care2.com/causes/man-accused-of-gay-handshake-stands-trial-in-dubai.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Hukuman yang berlaku di Abu Dhabi adalah 14 tahun penjara, sedangkan hukuman bagi para pelaku homoseksual adalah 10 tahun penjara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/uae/united_arab_emirates.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614053249/http://sodomylaws.org/world/uae/united_arab_emirates.htm |archivedate=14 June 2006 |title=Federal criminal statute In UAE |work=Sodomylaws.Org }}</ref>

[[Amputasi]] adalah hukuman yang diperbolehkan di Uni Emirat Arab karena sesuai dengan hukum syari'ah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amnesty International Report 1999 – United Arab Emirates|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aa123b.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Arab Emirates: Briefing for the Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review |url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session15/AE/GIEACPCP_UPR_ARE_S15_2012_GloblaInitiativetoEndAllCorporalPunishmentofChildren_E.pdf|page=3|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113649/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session15/AE/GIEACPCP_UPR_ARE_S15_2012_GloblaInitiativetoEndAllCorporalPunishmentofChildren_E.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Arab Emirates – Global Progress|url=http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/pages/progress/reports/uae.html|quote=Punishments include flogging, – as retaliation – injury similar to that for which the offender has been convicted of inflicting on the victim.|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2013-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330081057/http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/pages/progress/reports/uae.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Arab Emirates – Country Reports on Human Rights Practices |url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/nea/824.htm|quote=In February an Indonesian woman convicted of adultery by the Shari'a court in the Emirate of Fujairah, was sentenced to death by stoning after she purportedly insisted on such punishment. The sentence was commuted on appeal to 1 year in prison, followed by deportation. In June 1998, the Shari'a court in Fujairah sentenced three Omani nationals convicted of robbery to have their right hands amputated. The Fujairah prosecutor's office instead commuted the sentence to a term of imprisonment.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Defining Sharia's role in the UAE's legal foundation|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/defining-sharias-role-in-the-uaes-legal-foundation|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]}}</ref><!-- [[Crucifixion]] is a legal punishment in the UAE. --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/crucifixion-for-uae-murderers-1238085.html|title=Crucifixion for UAE murderers |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE25/011/1997/en|title=UAE: Further information on fear of imminent crucifixion and execution|publisher=Amnesty International|date=September 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE25/010/1997/en|title=UAE: Fear of imminent crucifixion and execution |publisher=Amnesty International|date=September 1997}}</ref> <!-- Article 1 of the Federal Penal Code states that "provisions of the [[Islamic Law]] shall apply to the crimes of doctrinal punishment, punitive punishment and blood money. --><ref>{{cite web|title=Federal Law No (3) of 1987 on Issuance of the Penal Code|url=https://www.unodc.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6385&country=UAE|work=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2013-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525044622/https://www.unodc.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6385&country=UAE|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Measures Against Corruptibility, Gifts and Gratification – Bribery in the Middle East|url=http://www.mafhoum.com/press2/brib76.pdf|work=Arab Law Quarterly}}</ref>

Saat bulan [[Ramadan]], makan, minum dan merokok di tempat umum adalah ilegal sejak matahari tetbit hingga terbenam.<ref name=ramadan>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs98Nv0Pe5E|title=Sharia law and Westerners in Dubai: should non-Muslims in UAE be made to face Islamic justice?}}</ref> Terkecuali bagi wanita hamil dan anak-anak, hal ini berlaku bagi Muslim dan Non-Muslim,<ref name="ramadan" /><!-- and failure to comply may result in arrest. --><ref name="Riazat Butt">{{cite news |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/jul/31/dubai-tourists-must-respect-ramadan |title=Britons warned to respect Ramadan while holidaying in Dubai |author=Riazat Butt |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 July 2011 |location=London, UK|oclc=60623878 }}</ref> Menari di depan umum juga ilegal di Uni Emirat Arab.<ref>{{cite web|title=Criminal Law of Dubai|url=http://www.lawyersuae.com/court-cases/criminal-law-of-dubai|publisher=lawyersuae.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dubai bans shisha tobacco smoking, dancing and holding hands|url=http://al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/meii/features/2009/03/20/feature-03|work=Al-Shorfa|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2014-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219073733/http://al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/meii/features/2009/03/20/feature-03|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=No dancing in public: Dubai|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/322024|work=Arab News}}</ref>

{{Expand section|date=November 2016}}Penganut Buddha mencapai lebih dari 0,3% dari total populasi Timur Tengah. Banyak dari umat Buddha ini adalah pekerja yang telah bermigrasi dari Asia ke Timur Tengah sejak akhir 1990-an, banyak dari negara-negara yang memiliki populasi Buddha yang besar, seperti Cina, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, dan Nepal. Sejumlah kecil insinyur, direktur perusahaan, dan manajer dari Jepang, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapura, dan Korea Selatan juga telah pindah ke Timur Tengah.[[https://en.m.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East]]

{{Expand section|date=November 2016}} Hingga 4% orang melaporkan keyakinan tidak beragama menurut jajak pendapat Gallup. Dan hal itu ilegal bagi umat Islam, dan jika murtad dari Islam menghadapi hukuman maksimum hukuman mati di bawah undang-undang anti-penistaan ​​agamaagama negara. Karena hal ini, banyak yang mempertanyakan tentang kebebasan beragama di Uni Emirat Arab.