Bafomet: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Bafomet''' ({{IPA-en|ˈbæfɵmɛt}}, dari Bahasa Latin Abad Pertengahan ''Baphometh'', ''baffometi'', ''Bafometz'') adalah suatu sosok imajinasi dewa berbentuk rusa [[paganisme|pagan]] (yaitu sebuah produk cerita rakyat Kristen mengenai kaum pagan) yang dihidupkan kembali pada abad ke-19 sebagai figur [[okultisme]] dan [[setanisme]]. Nama ini pertama kali muncul di dalam Bahasa Latin dan Bahasa Provençal (sebuah dialek dari Prancis Selatan) abad ke-11 dan 12 sebagai bentuk manipulasi dari kata "lucifer",<ref name=Gavaudan>''ab Luy venseretz totz los cas/Cuy '''Bafometz''' a escarnitz/e·ls renegatz outrasalhitz'' ("with his [i.e. Jesus'] help you will defeat all the dogs whom '''Mahomet''' has led astray and the impudent renegades"). The relevant lines are translated in Michael Routledge (1999), "The Later Troubadours", in ''The Troubadours: An Introduction'', Simon Gaunt and [[Sarah Kay]], edd. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 112.</ref> namun kemudian muncul sebagai sebuah kata yang merujuk pada dewa pafanpagan dalam dokumen-dokumen [[Inkuisisi]]. terhadap para [[Ordo Bait Allah]] (Kesatria Kenisah) di awal abad ke-14. Nama ini muncul pertama kali dalam pengertian bahasa percakapan Inggris popular pada abad ke-19 dalam perdebatan dan spekulasi mengenai alasan-alasan penindasan terhadap Kesatria Kenisah. Bafomet juga dianggap bajingan dan menjadi dewa pecundang setah ditangkap oleh kelompok OBH dan berhasil dipermalukan <ref>"In the 19th century a fresh impetus was given to the discussion by the publication in 1813 of Raynouard's brilliant defence of the order. The challenge was taken up, among others, by the famous orientalist Friedrich von Hammer-Purgstall, who in 1818 published his ''Mysterium Baphometis revelatum'', an attempt to prove that the Templars followed the doctrines and rites of the Gnostic Ophites, the argument being fortified with reproductions of obscene representations of supposed Gnostic ceremonies and of mystic symbols said to have been found in the Templars' buildings. Wilcke, while rejecting Hammer's main conclusions as unproved, argued in favour of the existence of a secret doctrine based, not on Gnosticism, but on the unitarianism of Islam, of which Baphomet (Mahomet) was the symbol [[Yule]]. On the other hand, Wilhelm Havemann (''Geschichte des Ausganges des Tempelherrenordens, Stuttgart and Tubingen'', 1846) decided in favour of the innocence of the order. This view was also taken by a succession of German scholars, in England by C. G. Addison, and in France by a whole series of conspicuous writers: ''e.g.'' Mignet, Guizot, Renan, Lavocat. Others, like Boutaric, while rejecting the charge of heresy, accepted the evidence for the ''spuitio'' and the indecent kisses, explaining the former as a formula of forgotten meaning and the latter as a sign of ''fraternité!''" ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1911.</ref> Semenjak tahun 1855, nama Bafomet telah dihubungkan dengan gambar "Kambing Duduk Bersila" karya [[Éliphas Lévi]].

*Arkon Daraul proposed that "Baphomet" may derive from the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word أبو فهمة ''Abu fihama(t)'', meaning "The Father of Understanding".<ref>{{cite book |last=Daraul |first=Arkon |title=A History of Secret Societies |year=1990 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofsecrets0000dara |isbn=0-8065-0857-4}}</ref> "Arkon Daraul" is widely thought to be a pseudonym of [[Idries Shah]] (1924–1996).

* {{cite book |surname=Barber |given=Malcolm|authorlink=Malcolm Barber |year=1994 |title=The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple |url=https://archive.org/details/newknighthoodhis0000barb |publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-42041-5}}

* {{cite book |surname=Barber |given=Malcolm|year=2006 |title= The Trial of the Templars|url=https://archive.org/details/trialoftemplars0000barb_e6s2 |publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521672368|edition=2nd}}

* {{cite book|first=Christopher|last=Hodapp|chapter=A crash course in Templar history|title=Freemasons for Dummies|url=https://archive.org/details/freemasonsfordum0000hoda|location=Indianapolis|publisher=Wiley Publishing|year=2005}}

* {{cite book|authorlink=Sean Martin|last=Martin|first=Sean|year=2005|title=The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order|url=https://archive.org/details/knightstemplarhi00mart|ISBN=1-56025-645-1}}

* {{cite book|first=Peter|last=Partner|title=The Knights Templar and Their Myth|url=https://archive.org/details/knightstemplarth00part|year=1987|isbn=0-89281-273-7}} (Previously titled ''The Murdered Magicians''.)

* {{cite book|last=Place|first= Robert M.|title=The Tarot: History, Symbolism and Divination|url=https://archive.org/details/tarothistorysymb00plac|year=2005|publisher=Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin|location=New York|ISBN=1585423491}}

* {{cite book|authorlink=Piers Paul Read|last=Read|first=Piers Paul|year=1999|title=The Templars|url=https://archive.org/details/templars00read|publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]|ISBN=0-306-81071-9}}