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[[Berkas:MonmouthRKM Park6796a.jpg|thumbjmpl|300px|Pacuan kuda di [[MonmouthBukittinggi]], Park[[Sumatera Barat]]. Pacuan kuda menjadi ritual wajib yang dihelat setiap tahun di beberapa daerah Indonesia.]]
'''Pacuan kuda''' adalah [[olah raga]] berkuda yang sudah ada sejak berabad-abad yang lalu. [[Kuda]] dilatih untuk berpacu menuju garis akhir (''finish'') melawan peserta lain. Contohnya adalah balap kereta kuda yang populer di masa [[Kekaisaran Romawi|Romawi]] kuno. Di kalangan masyarakat [[Nordik]] juga dikenal pacuan kuda milik dewa [[Odin]] dengan raksasa [[Hrungnir]] dalam [[mitologi]] mereka. Pacuan kuda seringkali tidak dapat dipisahkan dari [[judi]]. Olah raga ini sering disebut sebagai '''Olah raga raja-raja'''.
'''Pacuan kuda''' adalah salah satu jenis [[olahraga]] yang mengutamakan keterampilan seseorang dalam menunggang, mengendarai, berlari atau melompat menggunakan [[kuda]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nugroho|first=Faozan Tri|date=2021-12-17|title=12 Manfaat Olahraga Berkuda untuk Kesehatan yang Perlu Diketahui|url=https://www.bola.com/ragam/read/4768123/12-manfaat-olahraga-berkuda-untuk-kesehatan-yang-perlu-diketahui|website=bola.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref> Berkuda atau sering juga disebut Equestrian bisa dilakukan tidak sekadar melatih kekuatan [[fisik]] seperti keseimbangan dan koordinasi [[tubuh]] saja, tapi olahraga ''horseback riding'' ini juga bisa berguna untuk terapi [[kesehatan]] [[mental]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trifiana|first=Azelia|date=2021-04-17|title=6 Manfaat Olahraga Equestrian, Bisa Jadi Terapi Kesehatan Mental|url=https://www.sehatq.com/artikel/manfaat-olahraga-equestrian-bisa-jadi-terapi-kesehatan-mental|website=SehatQ|language=id|access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref> Selain dibutuhkan kuda yang terampil, penunggang kuda atau [[joki]] juga harus mampu mengarahkan kuda melalui rintangan yang harus dilalui. Joki tidak boleh menjadi beban bagi kuda yang ditunggangi. Menunggangi kuda, posisi duduk harus tegak dengan cara memegang [[tali]] kendali. Tubuh penunggang kuda harus terus bergerak aktif mengikuti pola [[gerak]] kuda yang akan membuat [[otot]]-otot [[sendi]] dan [[tulang]] turut merespons secara otomatis. Hal ini yang membuat otot-otot sendi dan tulang menjadi kuat.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sulaeman|first=Suherni|date=2017-06-04|title=Manfaat Olahraga Berkuda: Menguatkan Otot Hingga Cegah Nyeri Pinggang|url=https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-3519512/manfaat-olahraga-berkuda-menguatkan-otot-hingga-cegah-nyeri-pinggang|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|language=id|access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref>
== Bentuk-bentuk pacuan kuda ==
<!-- :''Untuk informasi lebih terinci dalam topik ini, lihat [[Harness racing]] dan [[pacuan kuda Thoroughbred]].'' -->
Salah satu bentuk utama dari pacuan kuda yang populer di banyak bagian dunia sekarang adalah [[pacuan kuda Thoroughbred]]. [[Harness racing]] juga populer di daerah sebelah timur [[Amerika Serikat]] dan lebih populer dibandingkan dengan pacuan thoroughbred di Kanada dan beberapa bagian Eropa. <!--[[American quarter horse|Quarter horse]] and Arabian racing are also popular in the western United States and [[Florida]].-->
Tali pada kuda bisa digunakan untuk beberapa kepentingan.
'''Tali Kekang atau Horse Riding'''
Pembiakan, latihan dan pacuan kuda di banyak negara kini menjadi aktivitas ekonomi yang penting sehingga, dalam banyak hal ia menjadi pendukung kegiatan perjudian. Kuda-kuda yang luar biasa dapat memenangkan jutaan dolar dan menghasilkan berjuta-juta dolar lagi dengan menjadi pejantan lewat [[pembiakan kuda]].
[[Berkas:Maen jaran pacuan kuda dilakukan oleh anak-anak sebagai joki-joki cilik - DSC 0385.jpg|jmpl|Pacuan kuda di NTB]]
<!--== Horse racing in North America ==
Alat ini berbentuk tali panjang yang terbuat dari [[nilon]], [[logam]], [[kulit]] dan melekat pada tali kekang di hidungnya yang digunakan untuk mengarahkan kuda. Tali kekang digunakan memberikan perintah atau isyarat yang halus seperti memberi sinyal belokan, memperlambat [[kecepatan]], meminta berhenti atau mempercepat laju kuda.
[[Image:Monmouth Park.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Monmouth Racetrack in [[New Jersey]] in May 2005.]]
The style of racing, the distances and the type of events varies very much by the country in which the race is occurring, and many countries offer different types of horse races.
'''Kekang Kuda atau Riding Bridle'''
In the [[United States]], races can occur on flat surfaces of either dirt or grass, generally thoroughbred racing; other tracks offer [[quarter horse]] racing and [[harness racing]], or combinations of these three types of racing. Racing with other breeds, such as [[Arabian horse]] racing, is found on a limited basis. American thoroughbred races are run at a wide variety of distances, most commonly from 4.5 [[furlong]]s (905 m) to 1½ miles (2414 m); with this in mind, breeders of thoroughbred race horses are able to breed horses to excel at a particular distance (see [[Dosage Index]]).
Kekang kuda yang diletakan di bagian kepala dipergunakan di bagian [[wajah]] kuda. Desain alat ini dirancang untuk mendukung fungsinya memberikan tekanan pada area [[sensitif]] wajah kuda sebagai cara joki memberikan arahan atau kontrol saat berlari.
Just as Americans differ from the British on which side of the road they drive, so too do they differ on which way a horse race is run around a track. This difference began with Colonel William Whitley, a hero of the [[American Revolution]] who died leading the charge against [[Tecumseh]] in the [[War of 1812]]. Col. Whitley had such an aversion to all things British, that when he laid out his own track on his land in [[Kentucky]], he devised it so the horses ran counter to English tracks. He also used clay rather than [[turf]] for the same reason.
'''Tali Perut atau Girth'''
The high point of US horse racing has traditionally been the [[Kentucky Derby]] which, together with the [[Preakness Stakes]] and the [[Belmont Stakes]], form the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing]] for three-year-olds. However, in recent years the [[Breeders' Cup]] races, held at the end of the year, have been challenging the Triple Crown events, held early in the year, as determiners of the three-year-old champion. They also have an important effect on the selection of other annual champions. The corresponding standard-bred event is the Breeders' Crown. There are also a [[Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Pacers]] and a [[Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Trotters]].
Girth adalah tali lebar yang terbuat dari bahan seperti [[anyaman]], [[kulit]] atau [[kapas]] yang diletakan mengelilingi [[perut]] kuda untuk melindungi pelana ke punggung kuda. Bentuknya seperti gesper atau [[sabuk]] agar mencegah pelana tergelincir ke samping.
American betting on horse racing is sanctioned and regulated by state governments, almost always through legalized [[parimutuel gambling]]. Thoroughbred horse racing in the United States has its own [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] for horses, jockeys, and trainers.
===Pelana===
The most famous horse from [[Canada]] is generally considered to be [[Northern Dancer]], who after winning the Kentucky Derby and Preakness went on to become the most successful Thoroughbred sire of the 20th Century. The only challenger to his title of greatest Canadian horse would be his son [[Nijinsky II]], who is the last horse to win the English [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing|Triple Crown]], and was a better racehorse. [[Woodbine Racetrack]] in Toronto, home of the [[Queen's Plate]], Canada's premier thoroughbred stakes race, and the [[North America Cup]], Canada's premier standard-bred stakes race, is the only race track in North America which stages Thoroughbred and Standard-bred (harness) meetings on the same day. The Pattison Canadian International has the largest purse of any Canadian horse race.
'''Pelana Kuda atau Saddle'''
== Horse racing in Australia ==
[[Image:Tambo vallery races 2006 edit.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Tambo Valley Picnic Races, Victoria, Australia 2006]]
{{details|Horseracing in Australia}}
Pelana digunakan untuk menyokong ikatan pada punggung kuda. Meski sangat simpel, memilih [[pelana]] kuda bukan suatu hal yang ''enteng''. Kesalahan memilih pelana dapat melukai punggung kuda atau membuat pengalaman berkuda seorang joki menjadi tidak menyenangkan.
Racing in [[Australia]] has enjoyed great success with races such as the world famous [[Melbourne Cup]], the so-called ''race that stops a nation'', which has recently attracted many international entries. In [[Australia]], the most famous horse was [[Phar Lap]], who raced from 1928-1932 (though originally bred in New Zealand). In 2003-2005 [[Makybe Diva]] became the first and only horse to ever win the [[Melbourne Cup]] three times. In [[harness racing]], [[Paleface Adios]] became a household name during the 1970s, while [[Cardigan Bay (horse)|Cardigan Bay]], a pacing horse from [[New Zealand]], enjoyed great success at the highest levels of American harness racing in the 1960s.
'''Alas Pelana atau Saddle Pad'''
== Pacuan kuda di Eropa ==
[[Irlandia]] mempunyai sejarah yang kaya dalam pacuan kuda; Pertandingan dari suatu titik ke titik yang lain berasal dari negara ini, dan bahkan pertandingan sambil berburu di daerah yang tidak rata sedikit lebih populer daripada balap kuda di landasan yang rata. Akibatnya, setiap tahun banyak sekali para penggemar pacuan kuda Irlandia yang mengunjungi tempat penting dalam kalender Perburuan Nasional, yaitu [[Festival Cheltenham]]. Dalam tahun-tahun belakangan ini, kuda-kuda yang dimiliki oleh Irlandia atau yang dikembangbiakkan di sana telah mendominasi pertandingan ini. Irlandia mempunyai industri pembiakan thoroughbred yang maju, yang didorong oleh sistem pajak yang menguntungkan. Pejantan thoroughbred terbesar dunia, [[Coolmore Stud]], tinggal di sini. Para pelatih Irlandia terkenal termasuk [[Demot Weld]], [[John Oxx]] dan [[Aidan O'Brien]]. Joki-joki pentingnya antara lain adalah [[Kieren Fallon]], [[Michael Kinane]], [[Johnny Murtagh]], [[Ruby Walsh]] dan [[Paul Carberry]]. Pemenang beberapa kali [[Piala Emas Cheltenham|Piala Emas]], [[Best Mate]] juga berasal dari Irlandia, sementara [[Red Rum]] yang hebat dibiakkan di negara ini, dan kemudian pindah menyeberangi [[Laut Irlandia]] untuk dilatih.
''Saddle pad'' adalah lapisan tipis antara punggung kuda dan pelana yang digunakan untuk melindungi gesekan sadel dengan kuda. ''Saddle pad'' dapat melindungi sadel dengan menyerap keringat kuda. Bagian luar saddle pad terbuat dari campuran [[kain]] yang tahan lama dan bisa dicuci.
===United Kingdom===
{{details|Horseracing in the United Kingdom}}
===Sanggurdi atau Stirrup===
In the [[United Kingdom]], there are races which involve obstacles (either hurdles or fences) called [[National Hunt racing]] and those which are unobstructed races over a given distance ([[flat racing]]). The UK has provided many of the sport's greatest ever jockeys, most notably [[Gordon Richards]]. See also [[United Kingdom horse-racing]].
Sanggurdi merupakan perlengkapan berkuda yang berupa pijakan [[kaki]] saat menunggangi kuda tergantung di pinggiran pelana. Selain membantu menaiki menaiki [[hewan]] tunggangannya, sanggurdi juga membantu penunggang kuda dalam mempertahankan kedudukannya.
== Pedigree ==
{{details|Horse breeding}}
===Cambuk atau ''Horse Whip''===
While the attention of horse racing fans and the media is focused almost exclusively on the horse's performance on the racetrack, or for male horses possibly its success as a sire, little publicity is given to brood mares. Such is the case of [[La Troienne]], one of the most important mares of the 20th century to whom many of the greatest thoroughbred champions, and dams of champions, can be traced.
Penggunaan cambuk ini masih menyebabkan kontroversi karena berpotensi menimbulkan rasa [[sakit]] [[fisik]] dan [[psikologis]] serta meningkatkan kemungkinan [[cedera]] pada kuda. Untuk itu, dibuatlah aturan bahwa cambuk hanya untuk keselamatan dan dorongan semangat agar tidak membahayakan kuda.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Maruf|date=2021-04-13|title=Mau Belajar Berkuda? Ini Perlengkapan yang Wajib Diketahui - Sportstars.Id|url=https://www.sportstars.id/read/mau-belajar-berkuda-ini-perlengkapan-yang-wajib-diketahui-q9W77s|website=www.sportstars.id|language=id|access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref>
In most horse races, not including steeplechases, the pedigree of the horse is one of the things that allow it to race. In a normal flat race, the horse must have a sire (father) who is a pure thoroughbred and a dam (mother) who is also a pure thoroughbred. In a normal harness race, the horses sire and dam must both be pure standardbreds.
A stallion who has won many races will usually be put up to stud when he is retired. This means that the owner of a mare can pay to breed his mare to that stallion. The more successful a stallion has been, the more expensive it is to breed the mare. An owner who is serious about racing will strive for the best, and will usually pay the expensive amount, so an owner who has had a successful colt will probably make more money than an owner with a filly.
Olahraga berkuda memberikan berbagai manfaat kesehatan seperti melatih keseimbangan dan koordinasi tubuh, melatih kekuatan inti dan kaki, membentuk [[postur]] yang baik, melatih refleks tubuh, membakar [[kalori]], menciptakan perasaa bahagia, keseimbangan mental dan mengatasi [[stress]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kurniawan|first=Andre|date=2021-03-08|title=7 Manfaat Olahraga Berkuda bagi Kesehatan, Bantu Melatih Otot hingga Bakar Kalori|url=https://www.merdeka.com/jabar/7-manfaat-olahraga-berkuda-bagi-kesehatan-bantu-melatih-otot-hingga-bakar-kalori-kln.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2022-02-28|editor-last=Kurniawan|editor-first=Andre}}</ref> menguatkan otot [[paha]] dan meningkatkan [[fleksibilitas]] tubuh.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fajriah|first=Wilda|date=2021-04-06|title=5 Manfaat Berkuda untuk Kesehatan Seperti Nia Ramadhani|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/387642/155/5-manfaat-berkuda-untuk-kesehatan-seperti-nia-ramadhani-1617635069|work=[[Sindonews.com]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref>
== Rujukan ==
Pedigrees of stallions can be seen at [http://www.stallionbook.co.uk/ Weatherbys Stallion Book] and pedigrees of recent Stakes race winners can be found on sites such as [http://www.the-racehorse.com/bloodstock/stakes_analysis/ the-racehorse.com].-->
<references responsive="" />
[[Kategori: BerkudaPacuan kuda| ]] ▼Di Asia beberapa pusat pacuan kuda yang penting adalah di [[Hong Kong]], [[Makau]], dan [[Malaysia]]. Di [[Jakarta]] pada tahun 1970-an dibuka gelanggang pacuan kuda di daerah [[Pulo Mas]], [[Jakarta Timur]], namun pada tahun 1980-an ditutup seiring dengan dilarangnya kegiatan perjudian di Indonesia.
<!--== Betting ==
{{details|Gambling}}
At many horse races, there is a gambling station, where gamblers can stake money on a horse. (Gambling on horses is prohibited at some tracks; the nationally renowened Colonial Cup Steeplechase in Camden, South Carolina, is known as one of the races which betting is illegal, because of a 1951 law in the state where betting on horse racing is illegal.) Where gambling is allowed, most tracks offer [[Parimutuel betting]] where gamblers' money is pooled and shared proportionally among the winners once a deduction is made from the pool. In some countries, such as UK, Ireland and Australia, an alternative and more popular facility is provided by [[Bookmaker]]s who effectively [[Market maker|make a market]] in odds. This allows the gambler to lock in odds on a horse at a particular time.
===Types of bets===
The three most common ways to bet money are: bet to win, bet to place, and bet to show. Bet to win means that you stake money on the horse, and if it comes in first place, the bet is a winner. In bet to place, you are betting on your horse to finish either first or second and 'show' is first, second or third. Since it is much easier to select a horse to finish first, second or third than it is to select a horse just for first, the 'show' payoffs will be much lower on average than win payoffs. Betting 'show' is really playing it safe while win betting is a bit more risky, yet the rewards are better.
In Europe, betting to show is less commonplace since the number of "payout places" varies depending on the size of the field that takes part in the race. For example, in a race with seven or less runners in the UK, only the first two finishers would be considered winning bets with most bookmakers. Three places are paid for eight or more runners, whilst 16 runners or more will see the first four places being classed as "placed". Betting to place takes on a different meaning in Europe for this reason. In the US a place bet would only pay out if the horse in question finished first or second, whilst in the UK, a place bet would be deemed a winner based on the aforementioned criteria.
The term "Each Way" bet is used across the globe, but again has a different meaning depending on your location. An each way (or E/W) bet sees your total bet being split in two, with half being placed on the win, and half on the place. US bettors would only see a payout for a first or second place finish with this type of bet, whilst European and British bettors (or "punters") would receive a payout if the horse either wins, or is placed based on the place criteria as stated above. Most UK bookmakers cut the odds considerably for an each bet, offering the full odds if the horse wins but only a third, a quarter or a fifth of the odds if only the place section of the bet is successful.-->
== Bahaya pacuan kuda ==
Banyak bahaya dari pacuan kuda baik bagi kuda maupun penunggangnya (joki): kuda dapat tersandung dan jatuh, kemudian terinjak dan mungkin akan terbunuh.
dan juga bila kuda masih mengantuk akibatnnya adalah kuda ambruk tak mampu berjalan.
dan menimbulkan rasa malu yang luar biasa pada sang joki
{{olahraga-stub}}
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[[en:Horse racing]]
[[eo:Ĉevalvetkuro]]
[[es:Hípica]]
[[fr:Sport hippique]]
[[he:מירוץ סוסים]]
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[[hu:Lóverseny]]
[[it:Ippica]]
[[ja:競馬]]
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[[nl:Renpaard]]
[[pt:Turfe]]
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[[simple:Horse racing]]
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[[uk:Кінні перегони]]
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