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'''DistroDistribusi Linux''' (singkatan dariatau '''distribusidistro Linux''' singkatnya) adalah sebutan untuk [[sistem operasi]] komputeryang dibangun dari [[kernel Linux]] dan aplikasinya,koleksi merupakan[[perangkat keluargalunak]] dari [[UnixPackage manager|sistem manajemen paket]], yangciri menggunakankhususnya kerneladalah [[LinuxGNU|Utilitas GNU]]. DistribusiPada Linuxumumnya, bisaberbagai berupadistro [[perangkatLinux]] lunakmemiliki bebas[[Antarmuka pengguna grafis|GUI]] danyang bisaberbeda-beda juga berupaseperti [[Cinnamon (perangkat lunak)|Cinnamon]] ([[komersialLinux Mint]] seperti), [[Redelementary HatOS|Pantheon]] ([[elementary EnterpriseOS]]), dan [[SUSEUnity Linux(antarmuka pengguna)|SuSEUnity]], dan([[Daftar lain-lainrilis Ubuntu|Ubuntu 10.10 hingga 17.04]]).
AdaKini banyaklebih distribusidari atau100 distro Linux yang telah muncul. BeberapaKebanyakan bertahandistro danini besar,merupakan bahkan sampaiturunan menghasilkandari distro-distro turunanLinux terbesar, contohnyadan adalahbeberapa Distrodi [http://www.debian.org/antaranya menjadi terpopuler, seperti [[Debian|Debian] GNU/Linux.]] Distro([[Ubuntu]], ini[[Kali telahLinux]], menghasilkan[[Linux puluhanMint]]), distro[[Red anak,Hat antaraEnterprise lainLinux]] ([[UbuntuFedora]], Knoppix[[CentOS]], Xandros,[[Mandriva DSLLinux]]), danserta sebagainya[[Slackware|Slackware Linux]] ([[Suse linux|SUSE Linux]], [[Slax]]).
== Sejarah ==
Untuk mendapatkan distro linux, anda dapat mendownloadnya langsung dari situs distributor distro bersangkutan, atau membelinya dari penjual lokal.
[[Berkas:Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg|jmpl|Lini waktu distro Linux, yang memperlihatkan perkembangan dari variasi distribusi Linux.]]
[[Kernel Linux]] versi 0.01 dirilis [[Linus Torvalds]] pada tahun 1991 dan dirilis dalam bentuk [[kode sumber]], kemudian dirilislah kernel Linux dalam bentuk [[gambar cakram]] (''disk image'') yang membawa Utilitas GNU. Saat itu, belum ada bentuk distribusi Linux. Karena sulitnya pemasangan Linux pada saat itu, muncul distribusi-distribusi pertama yang dibangun dari kernel Linux.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Berlich |first=Ruediger |title=ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT... The early history of Linux, Part 2, Re: distribution |journal=LinuxUser |year=2001 |month=April |url=http://oldlinux.org/Linux.old/docs/lu9-All_you_need_to_know_about-The_early_history_of_Linux_part_2.pdf |accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref> Beberapa distribusi-distribusi pertama Linux meliputi:
* [[Boot-root]] oleh H.J. Lu (akhir 1991), adalah sebuah perangkat lunak yang dikemas dalam [[Cakram flopi|flopi]] berukuran 5.25". Berisikan kernel Linux dan peralatan minimal untuk memulai.
== CD Linux ==
* [[MCC Interim Linux]] oleh ''Manchester Computing Centre'' (Februari 1992), yang setelah dipasang, membawa dasar lingkungan [[Unix]] dengan [[Antarmuka baris perintah|antarmuka konsol]]. Dirilis umum dan dapat diunduh di peladen FTP [[University of Manchester]]. (Pranala asli: [ftp://ftp.mcc.ac.uk/pub/linux]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}).
CD Linux (maksudnya CD Distro Linux atau CD Sistem Operasi dan aplikasi Linux) adalah istilah yang sering digunakan untuk menyebut CD distribusi Linux secara umum.
* [[TAMU Linux]] oleh [[Texas A&M University]], pada waktu yang hampir bersamaan dengan rilisnya MCC Interim Linux.
* SLS ([[Softlanding Linux System]])
* [[Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X]], distribusi Linux pertama yang berbasis CD-ROM
SLS tidak terpelihara dengan baik, sehingga [[Patrick Volkerding]] merilis distribusi baru berdasarkan SLS yang ia namakan [[Slackware]], dirilis pada tahun 1993. [[Slackware]] merupakan distribusi tertua yang masih ada hingga saat ini.
CD Linux biasanya didapatkan dengan mem-burn/menulis sebuah [[berkas ISO]] distro Linux ke CD kosong. CD Linux dapat anda dapatkan [[gratis]] ataupun berbayar.
== Daftar distribusi LinuxRepositori ==
Sebuah repositori perangkat lunak adalah lokasi penyimpanan dari berbagai paket perangkat lunak yang mungkin diambil dan diinstal pada komputer. Banyak penerbit perangkat lunak dan organisasi lain memelihara server di Internet untuk tujuan ini, baik secara gratis atau untuk biaya berlangganan.
Repositori mungkin hanya untuk program-program tertentu, seperti CPAN untuk bahasa pemrograman [[Perl]], atau untuk seluruh sistem operasi. Operator repositori tersebut biasanya menyediakan sebuah sistem manajemen paket, alat-alat yang dimaksudkan untuk mencari, menginstal dan sebaliknya memanipulasi paket perangkat lunak dari repositori.
Distribusi-distribusi Linux dapat dikategorikan berdasarkan sistem manajemen paket, [[perangkat lunak bebas|bebas]] dan tidak, tujuan pembuatan, perangkat lunak dasar yang digunakan, dan lain sebagainya.
Sebagai contoh, banyak distribusi Linux menggunakan ''Advanced Packaging Tool'' yang umumnya ditemukan di distro berbasis Debian, atau [[yum]] yang biasa ditemukan di distro berbasis Red Hat. Ada juga beberapa sistem manajemen paket independen, seperti Pacman, digunakan dalam Arch Linux dan equo, ditemukan di Sabayon Linux.
=== Distribusi bebas berbasis [[Debian]] ===
Sebagian besar distribusi Linux mempunyai banyak repositori di seluruh dunia yang cermin repositori utama.
* [[64Studio]]
* [[Adamantix]]
* [[Amber Linux]]
* [[BeatrIX]]
* [[Bonzai Linux]]
* [[Debian]]
* [[Debian-BR-CDD]]
* [[DeveLinux]]
* [[Finnix]]
* [[GenieOS]]
* [[Gnoppix]]
* [[Guadalinex]]
* [[Hiweed]]
* [[Kalango Linux|Kalango]]
* [[Kanotix]]
* [[Knoppix]]
* [[Kuliax]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
* [[Kurumin]]
* [[LinEx]]
* [[Loco Linux]]
* [[MeNTOPPIX]]
* [[Morphix]]
* [[NepaLinux]]
* [[PingOO]]
* [[Skolelinux]]
* [[Sun Wah RAYS LX]]
* [[Symphony OS]]
* [[Ubuntu]]
** [[BlankOn 2]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
** [[Dewalinux]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
** [[Briker]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
** [[Edubuntu]]
** [[Kubuntu]]
** [[Xubuntu]]
** [[De2]]
* [[Xandros]]
* [[Zen Linux]]
=== DistribusiContoh berbasiskandistribusi [[RPM]]Linux ===
Distribusi-distribusi Linux dapat dikategorikan berdasarkan sistem manajemen paket, [[perangkat lunak bebas|bebas]] dan tidak, tujuan pembuatan, perangkat lunak dasar yang digunakan, dan lain sebagainya.
* [[aLinux]]
* [[ALT Linux]]
* [[Annvix]]
* [[Ark Linux]]
* [[ASPLinux]]
* [[Aurox]]
* [[Berry Linux]]
* [[BLAG Linux and GNU]]
* [[BlankOn]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
* [[Caixa Mágica]]
* [[cAos Linux]]
* [[CentOS]]
* [[Cobind]]
* [[Conectiva]]
* [[EduLinux]]
* [[Engarde Secure Linux]]
* [[Fedora Core]]
* [[Fox Linux]]
* [[IGOS]] (sebuah distro linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
* [[Linux Mobile System]]
* [[Magic Linux]]
* [[NOPPENLINUX]]
* [[PCLinuxOS]]
* [[PCQLinux2005]]
* [[PLD Linux Distribution]]
<!--
* [[QiLinux]]: made in Italy, completely from scratch. The QiLinux staff has developed a desktop and live version as well as a server and advanced server version.
* [[Red Flag Linux]]: A distribution developed in China and optimised for the Chinese market.
* [[Scientific Linux]]: A distribution, solely recompiled from the source distributed under GPL by a commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in [[#RPM-based distributions|RPM-based distributions]]).
* [[Sesco Linux]]: A secure Linux distribution, solely recompiled from the source distributed under GPL by Sesco information Systems Inc., (in [[#RPM-based distributions|RPM-based distributions]]).
* [[Tinfoil Hat Linux]]: A distribution for the security-conscious and paranoid.
* [[Trustix]]: A somewhat-hardened distribution focused on security. Contrast SELinux, from [[NSA]], which is a set of kernel modifications, not a distribution, and cannot be used alone, however.
* [[Ulteo]]: This distribution is not yet released, and that it will be RPM based, are just rumours. There are not yet any information about it being free or not.
* [[Vine Linux]]: A Japanese distribution based on Red Hat Linux.
* [[White Box Enterprise Linux]]: A distribution designed to be 100% binary-compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
* [[Yellow Dog Linux|Yellow Dog]]: A Red Hat Linux-based distribution for the [[PowerPC]] platform.
* [[YOPER]]: "Your Operating System", a desktop distribution from [[New Zealand]].
=== Distribusi populer ===
==[[Slackware]]-based free distributions ==
Berikut merupakan daftar distribusi linux yang populer:
* [[Austrumi]]: business card size (50MB) bootable live CD Linux distribution developed by Latvian programmers
* [[BackTrack (Slackware distribution)|<<Back|Track]]: a network security suite developed by [http://www.remote-exploit.org/ RemoteExploit.org]. It includes many [[penetration test|penetration testing]] utilities and [[software engineering|code development]] tools. <<Back|Track also features a [[hard disk]] installer in addition to being a [[live CD]].
* [[DARKSTAR Linux|DARKSTAR]]: a very configurable Linux based on Slack made in Romania. See [http://www.darkstarlinux.ro/ track record].
* [[Frugalware]]: general purpose Linux distribution, designed for intermediate users. See [http://www.distrowatch.com/frugalware track record].
* [[Kate OS]]: A Slackware based lightweight, [[Polish language|Polish]] language distribution. See [http://www.distrowatch.com/kate track record].
* [[Plamo Linux]]: A Slackware based Japanese distribution.
* [[Slackware]]: The oldest Linux distribution still maintained. Slackware packages are tar/gziped files with the extension .tgz.
* [[SLAX]]: A Slackware based small [[live CD]] which can also be installed on [[keydrive]]. No hard drive install. See [http://www.distrowatch.com/slax track record].
* [[Sauver]]: Sauver is a "Live CD", so no installation is required. The whole Operating System runs right off any removable media (USB or CD) , putting whatever system files it needs into RAM only. See [http://www.nwdco.com/sauver/index.htm Sauver Homepage]
* [[Topologi]]: Designed to run on top of Microsoft Windows. Does not need any partition changes. See [http://topologi-linux.sourceforge.net/ Topologi Homepage]
* [[Ultima Linux]]: Customized distro by Martin Ultima.
* [[Vector Linux]]
* [[Zenwalk Linux|Zenwalk Linux ''(formerly MiniSlack)'']]: A Slackware based optimized distribution featuring XFCE as the default desktop, Gnome libraries, the new reiserfs filesystem, and new kernel. See [http://www.distrowatch.com/zenwalk track record].
* [[Arch Linux]], merupakan distribusi jenis [[rilis bergulir]] yang ditargetkan pada pengguna Linux yang sudah berpengalaman, [[Arch Linux]] dikelola oleh komunitas.
==Binary distributions using other packaging systems==
** [[Manjaro Linux|Manjaro]], adalah distribusi turunan Arch Linux yang cepat, ramah pengguna dan berorientasi desktop
* [[Arch Linux]]: An [[i686]]-optimized Linux distribution targeted at competent Linux users. Uses [[Pacman (Arch Linux)|pacman]] utility to update packages.
* [[Debian]], distribusi ini dikelola oleh sukarelawan di komunitas. [[Debian]] merupakan distribusi tua yang masih ada hingga saat ini dan banyak menghasilkan turunan berupa distribusi baru. Berikut ini merupakan contoh distribusi populer yang diturunkan dari [[Debian]].
* [[CRUX]]: CRUX is a lightweight, [[i686]]-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. The primary focus of this distribution is "[[KISS principle|keep it simple]]", which is reflected in a simple [[tar.gz]]-based package system, [[BSD]]-style initscripts, and a relatively small collection of trimmed packages
** [[Canaima]], adalah sebuah proyek sosial-teknologi terbuka. [[Canaima]] dibangun dan dikembangkan di Venezuela berdasarkan [[Debian]].
* [[Foresight Linux]]: A distribution built around the quite new packaging system [[Conary]].
** [[Knoppix]], distribusi pertama yang menggunakan [[Live CD]] untuk menjalankan sistem dari ''removable media'' tanpa harus melakukan instalasi ke ''hard disk''.
* [[Generations linux|Generations Linux]] : A live CDROM distribution based on the 2.6 linux kernel with KDE and (default)Fvwm desktops.
** [[Linux Mint|Linux Mint Debian Edition]] (LMDE), Linux Mint yang didasarkan langsung dari distribusi Debian.
* [[GoboLinux]]: An alternative Linux distribution which redefines the entire [[file system]] hierarchy by installing everything belonging to one application in one subfolder under /Programs, and using symlinks from /System and its subfolders to point to the proper files.
** [[Ubuntu]], merupakan distribusi yang paling populer yang berasal dari Debian, dikembangkan oleh perusahaan [[Canonical Ltd]].
* [[IBLS]]: A modular mini Linux server distribution.
*** [[Backtrack]], distribusi yang dikembangkan oleh tim Offensive Security yang dibangun khusus untuk tujuan [[forensik digital]] dan uji keamanan.
* [[ImpiLinux]]: A [[South Africa]]n distribution that focuses on the needs of African users. See [http://impilinux.co.za/ homepage] (inactive as of 2005-10-15)
*** [[Linux Mint]], distribusi Linux yang ditujukan untuk pengguna awam Linux.
* [[Jedi Linux|Jedi GNU/Linux]]: A source-based GNU/Linux Metadistribution which is built around the [[force-get]] package manager. It is currently in a beta-state (as of June 2005) but is in constant development.
**** [[Xenta OS]], merupakan distribusi yang dikembangkan di Indonesia Basis Linux Mint yang menggunakan antarmuka desktop Cinnamon dan [[Xfce|XFCE]] (untuk komputer dengan spesifikasi rendah)
* [[MkLinux]]: A distribution for [[PowerPC]] systems that runs the Linux kernel as a server on top of the [[Mach microkernel]].
*** [[Lubuntu]], varian Ubuntu yang menggunakan antarmuka desktop [[LXDE]]/[[LXQt]] (untuk komputer dengan spesifikasi rendah)
* [[NimbleX]]: A modular distribution intended for nonexperienced users. It runs from the CD/USB.
*** [[Xubuntu]], varian Ubuntu yang menggunakan antarmuka desktop [[Xfce|XFCE]] (untuk komputer dengan spesifikasi rendah)
* [[Underground Desktop]]: a desktop distribution based on [[Arch Linux]], [[i686]]-optimized and with [[KDE]] desktop. See [http://www.ludos.org/ homepage]
*** [[Kubuntu]], varian Ubuntu yang menggunakan antarmuka desktop [[KDE]]
* [[Ututo]]: A [[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]]-based distribution, made in [[Argentina]].
*** [[Edubuntu]], varian Ubuntu khusus untuk edukasi atau pembelajaran.
* [[VidaLinux]]: A [[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]]-based [[Linux distribution|distribution]]. It is essentially Gentoo (it uses [[Portage (software)|Portage]] and [[ebuild]]s), but uses [[Anaconda installer|Anaconda]] to install.
*** [[BlackBuntu]], varian Ubuntu khusus untuk penetrasi jaringan, keamanan, forensik digital.
*** [[Sabily (sistem operasi)|Sabily]], varian Ubuntu cocok bagi muslim (lengkap dengan perangkat lunak yang islami)
*** [[elementary OS]], distribusi turunan [[Ubuntu]] yang dikembangkan oleh elementary, Inc. [[elementary OS]] menggunakan antarmuka desktop Pantheon
** [[BlankOn]], merupakan distribusi yang dikembangkan di Indonesia. [[BlankOn]] menggunakan antarmuka desktop yang disebut [http://manokwari.blankonlinux.or.id/ Manokwari] dan tersedia dalam beberapa bahasa daerah lokal di Indonesia.
* [[Fedora]], distribusi komunitas yang disponsori oleh perusahaan Amerika, RedHat.
** [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]], distribusi yang dikelola dan dikomersialkan oleh RedHat.
*** [[CentOS]], distribusi komunitas yang dibangun dari kode sumber yang sama oleh RedHat.
*** [[Oracle Enterprise Linux]], merupakan turunan dari Red Hat Enterprise Linux, dipelihara dan komersial didukung oleh [[Oracle]].
*** [[IGOS Nusantara]], dikembangkan oleh Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Dibangun berdasarkan [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]].
** [[Mandriva]], merupakan distribusi komersial turunan RedHat yang populer di beberapa negara Eropa dan [[Brasil]]. Distribusi [[Mandriva]] dikelola oleh perusahaan [[Prancis]] dengan nama yang sama, [[Mandriva]].
*** [[Mageia]], merupakan distribusi komunitas yang merupakan ''percabangan'' dari Mandriva pada tahun 2010.
*** [[PCLinuxOS]], turunan dari Mandriva yang mengkhususkan kepada penggunaan [[Komputer meja|komputer desktop]].
* [[Slackware]], merupakan distribusi pertama yang lahir pada tahun 1993 dan merupakan salah satu distribusi Linux tertua saat ini.
** [[SUSE Linux Enterprise]], dibangun berdasarkan OpenSUSE dan dikelola oleh perusahaan [[SUSE]].
*** [[OpenSUSE]], distribusi komunitas yang disponsori oleh perusahaan [[Jerman]], [[SUSE]].
== Referensi ==
==Source distributions with or without a packaging system==
<references/>
* [[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]]: A distribution intended for enthusiasts and professionals with its own package management system called [[Portage (software)|Portage]]. Gentoo focuses on the compilation of [[source code]] rather than the distribution of binary packages, which is expected to make applications to run faster.
* [[Heretix]]: The successor of RubyX, management of this distribution is done via the [[Ruby programming language]]. Packagement is handled via Ruby as well, with packages being installed in one folder under /pkg. (Currently, June 2005, in very very early beta stage)
* [[Linux From Scratch]]: A document specifying the process of compiling an entire Linux system from scratch, adjusted by whoever creates "his/her own personal Linux system". (not a distribution).
* [[Lunar Linux]]: A source code-based distribution descended from [[Sorcerer GNU/Linux]].
* [[Murix]]: A [[Linux From Scratch]]-based distribution created with the goal to function on all hardware platforms.
* [[Onebase Linux]]: A distribution intended for a broad range of users.
* [[Rock Linux]]: A distribution build kit, or in other words, a software development toolkit for building OS solutions.
* [[Sorcerer GNU/Linux]]: A source code-based distribution.
* [[Source Mage GNU/Linux]]: A source code-based distribution, descended from [[Sorcerer GNU/Linux]].
* [[T2 Linux|T2]]: An open source system development environment (distribution build kit). T2 allows the creation of custom distributions. Currently, the Linux kernel is normally used, but Hurd, OpenDarwin and OpenBSD kernels are being ported to T2.
* [[TA-Linux]]: A distribution with a small base installation that the end-users can expand to include the software they need. Plans to support different architectures, such as Alpha, Sparc, PPC and PA-RISC, but at this time only x86 is fully supported.
== Pranala luar ==
==Small or lightweight distributions for use with older machines==
* {{en}} [https://lwn.net/Distributions Daftar distribusi Linux oleh LWN.net]
See also: [[MiniLinux]]
* {{en}} [https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html Daftar distribusi GNU/Linux yang dinilai bebas oleh Free Software Foundation]
* {{en}} [https://distrowatch.com DistroWatch], situs web yang menyediakan berita dan informasi umum mengenai distro-distro Linux
{{Distro-Linux}}
Most of the mini-distributions offer both hard disk and [[keydrive]] installation choices.
{{Linux|state=autocollapse}}
* [[Austrumi]]: A Latvian Live-CD mini-distribution that supports English. Based on Slackware and is similar to [[Puppy Linux]], but includes a richer set of features.
* [[Basic Linux (BL)]]: Aimed at very low end and limited hardware, such as the 386/486 with 4Mb memory. Comes on 2 floppies instead of the more normal CD. Slackware based and extendable with programs directly from the Slackware repository. Most likely the "smallest" Linux distribution capable of running graphical desktop.
* [[cAos Linux]]: Diversely managed by the community, general purpose, lightweight (fast and can be suitable for running on older hardware) and easily customizable
* [[Damn Small Linux]] (DSL): Grandfather of mini distributions. A [[live CD]] designed for [[MiniCD]] with a hard drive install option. Started as a personal project to see how many usable desktop applications could fit inside a business card size 50MB MiniCD. Over time it has grown into a considerably active community project. Refinements include a fully automated remote and local application installation system and a very versatile backup and restore system which may be used with any writable media including a hard drive, a floppy drive or a USB device. Uses Knoppix hardware detection which - although detecting most hardware selection - takes a relatively long time to boot. Includes own *.dsl packaging system, but offers options to use [[deb (file format)|deb]] package from Debian repositories to extend the system (use with caution). Uses [[Fluxbox]] window manager. See [http://distrowatch.com/damnsmall track record].
* [[Feather Linux]]: Sharing similar goals as [[Damn Small Linux]], but not based on it (Feather is more closely related to [[Knoppix]]). Includes more software packages than [[Damn Small Linux|DSL]] raising the "small" limit to about 115MB. Uses [[Knoppix]]-based hardware detection and the [[Fluxbox]] window manager. Compatible with [[Debian]] packages (.deb).See [http://distrowatch.com/feather track record].
* [[Flonix USB Edition]]: a light distro for nomad desktop that runs from USB [[Keydrive]]. This is a pure commercial distribution that can only be purchased pre-installed on USB sticks.
* [[Knopperdisk]]: New kid in the block. Aimed purely at USB sticks. (Gentoo based). See [http://distrowatch.com/knopperdisk track record].
* [[pocketlinux]]: A [[Slackware]]-based distribution developed by former developers of the now-discontinued [[Bonzai Linux]]. Includes a simplified Slackware installer & [[KDE Light]] desktop.
* [[Puppy Linux]]: A unique mini distribution which boots 2-3 times faster than other mini distributions due to being based on [[Slackware]] and not [[Knoppix]]. Runs well under low-end PCs - even under 32MB RAM - with its ultra-minimalistic approach, where [[Damn Small Linux]] or [[Feather Linux]] would crawl. Contains very minimal set of utilities* e.g. earlier versions used [[BusyBox]] instead of bash to provide command line support. Managing the system to install new software requires more experience from average user. Uses Jwm windows-a-like window manager. See [http://distrowatch.com/puppy track record]
* [[Stem Desktop]]: A hybrid, which uses lightest packages from Debian repository together with few home grown [[deb (file format)|deb]] packages to build desktop (Fvwm95) which would consume very little memory. Designed for low-end hardware (266 MHz/64 MB/install on disk ~800 MB). Unlike other mini-distributions, this one does not have its own install CD. User needs to install stock Debian (aka "Debian proper") CD first without selecting any packages and then run a custom text based install script which builds the rest through open network connection. See [http://www.freshmeat.net/projects/stem-desktop project page].
* [[SPBLinux]]: Mini-distribution for floppies and USB [[keydrive]]s. See [http://sourceforge.net/projects/spblinux/ project page].
* [[Vector Linux]]: Medium-lightweight distro with a text based installer. Applications included function well on older computers. Available in both standard (minimalistic) and SOHO (Small Office/Home OFfice - with Open office, KDE etc* size 2GB) form. Deluxe (pay) version also available. The 'Dynamite' (800 MB) is the testing version. Advanced package management with [[slapt-get]] and [[gslapt]]. Pros: includes java, flash, Open Office and is quite fast. Cons: not cutting edge (Slackware based). See [http://distrowatch.com/vector track record]
==Entirely- or partially-commercial distributions==
* [[ASLinux Desktop]]: A Debian-based distribution with [[KDE]] desktop tailored for Spanish speaking persons. Includes office, gaming, science and software development programs. See [http://distrowatch.com/aslinux track record].
* [[BlueCat Linux]]: An implementation of the Linux model enhanced for use in embedded systems ranging from small consumer-type devices to large-scale, multi-CPU systems.
* [[Haansoft Linux]]: A Red Hat based distribution with [[KDE]] desktop, and with [[GNOME]] desktop at 2006 Workstation, which has introduced many features of [[Asianux]]. 2005 Workstation and Server versions were previous release.
* [[Libranet]]: A [[Debian]]-based desktop distribution based upon and mostly compatible with Debian. The installation has hardware detection and the desktop has an 'adminmenu' (in both text and gui mode) to ease hardware and software configuration. The founder Jon Danzig [http://www.libranet.com/newsletter20050930 passed away 2005].
* [[Linspire]]: Another desktop-oriented distribution, previously called Lindows, based on Debian. Additional software is available from Linspire or via Debian's [[Advanced Packaging Tool|apt]] command, although compatibility with Debian is not guaranteed. Has significant [[proprietary software]].
* [[Linux XP]]: An easy-to-use distribution without the hassle of re-partitioning the hard drive and going through complicated processes of hardware configuration. Last release December 19 2005.
* [[Mandriva Linux]]: Formerly known as [[Mandrakelinux]]. There are various products for servers, workstations, small businesses as well as individuals. Originally a [[Red Hat Linux]] variant optimized for [[Pentium]]-class CPUs, [[Mandriva Linux]] has since diverged to form its own distribution. While remaining entirely [[free software]], Mandriva's business model adds further enterprise-class support and services, mainly through a subscription basis, as well as different release dates for individual members and non-members of their [http://www.mandrivaclub.com club]. See [http://www.mandriva.com homepage]
* [[MEPIS]]: An easy-to-use [[Debian]]-based distribution which also runs as a [[LiveCD]], allowing you to try out MEPIS before you decide to install it on your hard drive. There are several flavors to choose from. See [http://www.mepis.org homepage].
::*[[MEPIS Lite]] - An entry level version of desktop MEPIS designed for home users with smaller hardware requirements (Pentium II/128MB/2G install).
::*[[SimplyMEPIS]] - The official name for the "MEPIS" distribution.
::*[[MEPIS SoHoServer]] - A general purpose server based on the recent release of Debian. Includes preconfigured Apache, PHP, Perl, MySql, Proftpd, Bind, DHCPd, Postfix, Dovecot, Shorewall, Squid, DansGuardian, Webmin, Usermin etc.
*[[Mobilinux]]: By [[Montavista]] for smartphones.
* [[Nitix]]: Developed by Net Integration Technologies Inc., Nitix claims to be the first [[autonomic]] Linux-based server operating system.
* [[Novell Linux Desktop]]: A [[Desktop computer|desktop]]-oriented Linux distribution supplied by [[Novell, Inc.]] ([http://www.novell.com/linux/ homepage]) and targeted at the business market. In 2004 [http://www.novell.com/news/press/archive/2003/11/pr03069.html Novell acquired] [[SUSE]] which is based in Nürnberg, Germany. SUSE is one of the most popular distributions in Europe. Like Red Hat Linux, it is a large distribution on several CDs/DVDs. Free ''Eval'' version are available that are virtually identical to commercial versions. Custom configuration tool [[YaST]].
::* [[OpenSUSE]] - A branch which consists entirely of [[open-source software]] and is community-based (2005).
::* [[SUSE Linux Enterprise Server]] - A server-oriented Linux distribution supplied by [[Novell, Inc.]] and targeted at the business market.
* [[Open CoLinux]]: Commercial version of virtualisation engine of Linux for Windows called [[colinux]]. Runs Debian based Linux inside Windows with KDE desktop.
*[[Progeny Componentized Linux]]: A Linux distribution developed by [[Progeny]], based on Debian, using Anaconda installer ported from Red Hat Linux.
* [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] (RHEL): The solely-commercial distribution for server market. The inventor of the RPM-packaging system for [[#RPM-based distributions|RPM-based distributions]]. See [http://www.redhat.com/ homepage]
* [[Sun Wah RAYS LX]]: A [[Debian]]-based desktop distribution, developed in [[China]].
* [[Turbolinux]]: A popular distribution in Asia, based on Red Hat Linux.
* [[Xandros]]: Canadian based Xandros (based on the defunct Corel Linux) focuses on the desktop market and Windows compatibility. The Xandros distribution, unlike most others, may not be freely copied, as it contains [[proprietary software]] like the file manager, which allows direct copy-to-CD etc. Based on [[Debian]],Xandros is compatible with Debian's [[dpkg]] package management system. Professional, like Lindows and SUSE. See [http://www.xandros.com homepage].
* [[YES Linux]]: A turnkey distribution that is specifically targeted to the Small office and Home office (SOHO). See [http://www.yeslinux.org homepage].
==Special-purpose distributions==
Some groups compile special purpose Linux distributions as turnkey [[firewall (networking)|firewalls]], for [[embedded system]]s, and for other special purposes.
* [[Asterisk@Home]] : Basically enables to quickly set up a VOIP server based on Asterisk Open Source PBX.
* [[Bootable business card]] : distros
* [[ClarkConnect]] : Router/firewall distribution
* [[Cooperative Linux]] : CoLinux is a virtualisation effort to run Linux simultaneously along with Windows. CoLinux is similar to other virtualisation projects like Open source [[Xen (virtual machine monitor)]] project and commercial [[VMware]].
* [[Coyote Linux]] : Router/firewall distribution
* [[DeMuDi]] : Multimedia distribution
* [[DeveLinux]] : A [[live CD]] distro for developers. It contains any kind of software which is useful to program and develop project. See [http://katolaz.homeunix.net/DeveLinux/ homepage].
* [[Devil-Linux]] : firewall/router/server distribution running from CD
* [[DSLinux]] : Version of Linux designed for the [[Nintendo DS.]]
* [[dyne:bolic]] : [[LiveCD]] Multimedia distribution
* [[ELKS Linux]] : The <u>E</u>mbeddable <u>L</u>inux <u>K</u>ernel <u>S</u>ubset
* [[Eisfair]] : small easy to install Internet-server[http://www.eisfair.org/english/eisfair.htm]
* [[Embedded Debian]] :
* [[Embedix]] :
* [[Familiar Linux]] : Distribution for iPAQ handhelds
* [[Fli4l]] : a single floppy ISDN, DSL and Ethernet-Router
* [[FlightLinux]] : A distribution for spacecraft
* [[FREESCO]] : a free replacement for commercial routers supporting up to 10 network cards and up to 10 modems.
* [[GC-Linux]] : Linux made for [[Nintendo]] [[GameCube]] [[videogame]] console.
* [[GeeXboX]] : Multimedia distribution
* [[Gibraltar (Linux distribution)|Gibraltar]] : Router/firewall distribution. See [http://distrowatch.com/gibraltar track record].
* [[Hard Hat Linux]] : see MontaVista Linux
* [[Hikarunix]] : A distro solely for studying and playing the game of [[Go (board game)|Go]]
* [[IPCop]] : Router/firewall distribution
* [[iPodLinux]] : Embedded Linux firmware for the Apple iPod based on the [[microcontroller|µC]]Linux kernel
* [[KnoppMyth]] : Specialized Knoppix distribution for easy setup of the [[MythTV]] PVR software
* [http://www.mediainlinux.org/index.php/mediainlinux mediainLinux] : [[LiveCD]] Multimedia distribution
* [[MiniLinux]] :
* [[MontaVista Linux]] : embedded systems distro by [[MontaVista|MontaVista Software]]
* [[NASLite]] : a floppy-based Linux designed to turn an old computer into a simple Network Attached Storage device
* [[Nethack Linux]] : floppy-based Linux for playing [[NetHack]][http://www.crash-override.net/nethacklinux.html]
* [[nUbuntu]] : CD-based Linux with tools needed for penetrating testing servers and networks with a Fluxbox GUI.
* [[openMosix]] : a Linux kernel extension that links several single systems and forms one supercomputer
* [[OpenZaurus]] : Debian packages and ROM image for the [[Sharp Zaurus]] [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]]. See [http://www.openzaurus.org/ homepage].
* [[PS2 Linux]] : [[Sony Computer Entertainment]] distribution released officially for the [[PlayStation 2]] [[video game]] console.
* [[Rocks Cluster Distribution]] : A distribution for building a [[High-performance computing]] [[computer cluster]].
* [[SELinux]] : <u>S</u>ecurity-<u>E</u>nhanced version of the Linux kernel (i.e., no distro as such) created by the [[National Security Agency|NSA]]
* [[Sentry Firewall]] : A firewall, server or [[intrusion detection system]] distribution
* [[SmoothWall]] : Router/firewall distribution
* [[The Linux Router Project]] : Router distribution
* [[TimeSys Linux]] : embedded systems distro by [[TimeSys]]. See [http://www.timesys.com homepage].
* [[Tinfoil Hat Linux]] : Bootable floppy distribution focusing on extreme security
* [[tomsrtbt]] : Root boot disk
* [[Trinux]] : Security tools distribution
* [http://www.vigyaancd.org/ VigyaanCD] : A Knoppix customization for bioinformatics, computational biology and computational chemistry.
* [[Yellow Hat Linux]] : A linux distro for [[Buddism|Buddists]]. [http://www.newsforge.com/business/03/03/23/213251.shtml?tid=16 Launch announcement]
* [[Xebian]] : a distribution for the Xbox home gaming console, Fluxbox. See [http://www.xbox-linux.org/ homepage]
==Alternate platforms==
Linux started life as an operating system for [[X86]]-compatible systems but has expanded to include numerous other computer processors. Various distributions cater to those other computer architectures.
*[[Linux on zSeries]]: IBM mainframes
*[[penguinppc.org]] [http://www.penguinppc.org]: Linux/ppc (POWER-based systems, e.g. IBM [[pSeries]], [[iSeries]], and newer [[Apple Macintosh]])
*[[Linux/m68k]] [http://www.linux-m68k.org/]: Motorola 680x0 series (older [[Apple Macintosh]], [[NeXT]], etc.)
*[[UltraLinux]] [http://www.ultralinux.org/]: SPARC and UltraSPARC based systems, e.g. Sun Fire servers.
==Inactive or discontinued distributions==
* [[Beehive (software)|Beehive]]: Last release 2002.
* [[College Linux]]: A Slackware-based distro from Robert Kennedy College, Delemont, Switzerland. Last release 2003.
* [[EvilEntity]]: A Slackware-based alternative to [[Microsoft Windows]]. Last release 2003.
* [[Icepack Linux]]: A [[user-friendliness|user-friendly]], full-featured operating system, pre-configured, well structured and easy to work with (RPM-based). Last release 2003.
* [[Lycoris]] Desktop/LX: Fell down to one employee and then acquired by Mandriva.
* [[Mastodon Linux]]: The last a.out Linux distribution.[http://www.pell.portland.or.us/~orc/Mastodon/]
* [[Randlix]]: A distribution fully compliant with the GPL but closed-source. Its whereabouts are unknown* the one English reference regarding it (according to Google) is located [http://librenix.com/?inode=2973 here]
* [[Red Hat Linux]]: Split into [[Fedora Core]] and [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]. The last official release was Red Hat Linux 9 in March 2003.
* [[Softlanding Linux System]]: One of the earliest distributions, developed from [[1992]]-[[1994]]* [[Slackware]] was originally based on it.
* [[Stampede]]: One of the Stampede developers left and formed [[Gentoo]].
* [[ThizLinux]]: A HongKong based distribution provide services to Great China. Last release 2003. [http://www.thizlinux.com]
* [[United Linux]]: A group of distributors who banded together to build a common base distribution, based on SuSE. United Linux has now ceased.
* [[UserLinux]]: commercial, GNOME. Never produced a release after conceptual agenda. Was superseded by Ubuntu.
* [[Yggdrasil Linux|Yggdrasil]]: One of the oldest Linux distributions, not updated since 1995.
* [[Open Wall Linux]]: hardened linux distribution.
-->
* [[Mandrake]] / [[Mandriva]]
=== Distribusi bebas berbasis [[Slackware]] ===
* [[Slackware]]
* [[AliXe]]
* [[Austrumi]]
* [[BackTrack]]
* [[Bluewhite64 Linux]]
* [[CD Forum Linux]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
* [[College Linux]]
* [[Cytrun Linux]]
* [[DARKSTAR]]
* [[DeepStyle]]
* [[easys GNU/Linux]]
* [[Frugalware]]
* [[Hardened Linux]]
* [[Kate OS]]
* [[MooLux]]
* [[Plamo Linux]]
* [[SLAX]]
* [[Sauver]]
* [[Singkong Linux]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
* [[Slackintosh]]
* [[Slamd64]]
* [[Splack Linux]]
* [[targeT Linux]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
* [[TopologiLinux]]
* [[Truva Linux]]
* [[Ultima Linux]]
* [[Vector Linux]]
* [[Wolvix]]
* [[0x7F GNU/Linux]]
* [[ZenCafe Linux]] (sebuah distro Linux yang dikembangkan Indonesia)
* [[Zenwalk Linux|Zenwalk Linux ''(dulu MiniSlack)'']]
<!--
* [[]]-->
== Pranala luar ==
*{{en}} [http://www.debian.org/misc/children-distros Daftar perangkat lunak turunan Debian]
*{{en}} [http://distrowatch.org/stats.php?section=independence Statistik distribusi Linux di DistroWatch]
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