Islam di Tiongkok: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Not Indonesian|1=Inggris|listed=yes|date=Mei 2020}}
{{Islam menurut negara}}{{Infobox religious group|group=Islam di Tiongkok<br>
[[Berkas:Islam in China, with 0.2 (Yang Zongde 2010).png|jmpl|300x300px|Pemetaan Islam oleh provinsi di Tiongkok menurut sebuah survei yang dilaporkan pada tahun 2010, ada sekitar 23 juta Muslim atau 1,7% dari total penduduk.<ref name="2010-Islam">Min Junqing. ''The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China''. JISMOR, 8. [https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf 2010 Islam by province, page 29]. Data from: Yang Zongde, ''Study on Current Muslim Population in China'', Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</ref>]]
(伊斯蘭教在中國)|population=23.308.000 (2010)<br>
'''1.8%''' dari total penduduk<ref>https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/</ref>|regions=[[Xinjiang]] (58%), [[Ningxia]] (34%), [[Qinghai]] (17.5%) dan [[Gansu]] (3.4%)|religions=Islam [[Sunni]]|languages=Bahasa utama: [[Bahasa Uighur|Uighur]], [[Bahasa Turki|Turki]], [[Bahasa Tionghoa|Tionghoa]] dan [[Bahasa Mandarin|Mandarin]]}}[[Berkas:Islam in China, with 0.2 (Yang Zongde 2010).png|jmpl|300x300px|Pemetaan Islam oleh provinsi di Tiongkok menurut sebuah survei yang dilaporkan pada tahun 2010, ada sekitar 23 juta Muslim atau 1,7% dari total penduduk.<ref name="2010-Islam">Min Junqing. ''The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China''. JISMOR, 8. [https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf 2010 Islam by province, page 29] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427140204/https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf |date=2017-04-27 }}. Data from: Yang Zongde, ''Study on Current Muslim Population in China'', Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</ref>]]
[[Berkas:5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg|jmpl|347x347px|Para [[Sufisme|Sufi]] mausoleum (''gongbei'') dari Ma Laichi di [[Linxia|Linxia Kota]], Cina.]]
 
'''Islam di Tiongkok''' telah ada melalui 1.400 tahun dari interaksi terus-menerus dengan masyarakat [[Bangsa Tionghoa|Tiongkok]].<ref name="journals.cambridge.org">{{cite web|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=164869|title=The China Quarterly - Islam in China: Accommodation or Separatism? - Cambridge Journals Online|work=cambridge.org}}</ref> Saat ini, [[Muslim|umat Islam]] adalah signifikan kelompok minoritas di [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]]. [[Suku Hui|Muslim Hui]] yang mayoritas kelompok Muslim di Tiongkok. Konsentrasi terbesar di [[Xinjiang]], dengan signifikan penduduk [[Suku Uighur|Uyghur]]. Kecil tapi signifikan populasi tinggal di daerah [[Ningxia]], [[Gansu]], dan [[Qinghai]].<ref name="Armijo1986"/> Berbagai sumber estimasi nomor yang berbeda dari penganut dengan beberapa sumber menunjukkan bahwa 1.5-4% dari total penduduk di Tiongkok adalah Muslim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html|title=The World Factbook|work=cia.gov}}</ref> Dari [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]] 55 resmi diakui masyarakat minoritas, sepuluh kelompok yang didominasi [[Sunni|Muslim Sunni]].<ref name="Armijo1986"/>
'''Islam di Tiongkok''' telah ada melalui 1.400 tahun dari interaksi terus-menerus dengan [[orang Tionghoa]].<ref name="journals.cambridge.org">{{cite web|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=164869|title=The China Quarterly - Islam in China: Accommodation or Separatism? - Cambridge Journals Online|work=cambridge.org}}</ref> Saat ini, [[Muslim|umat Islam]] adalah signifikan kelompok minoritas di [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]]. [[Suku Hui|Muslim Hui]] yang mayoritas kelompok Muslim di Tiongkok. Konsentrasi terbesar di [[Xinjiang]], dengan signifikan penduduk [[Suku Uighur|Uyghur]]. Kecil tapi signifikan populasi tinggal di daerah [[Ningxia]], [[Gansu]], dan [[Qinghai]].<ref name="Armijo1986" /> Berbagai sumber estimasi nomor yang berbeda dari penganut dengan beberapa sumber menunjukkan bahwa 1,5–4% dari total penduduk di Tiongkok adalah Muslim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html|title=The World Factbook|work=cia.gov|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-date=2016-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013030611/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dari Tiongkok 55 resmi diakui masyarakat minoritas, sepuluh kelompok yang didominasi [[Sunni|Muslim Sunni]].<ref name="Armijo1986" />
 
== Sejarah ==
 
=== Dinasti Yuan ===
Selama [[Suku Mongol|Mongol]] mendirikan [[dinasti Yuan]] (1271-13681271–1368), sejumlah besar umat Islam menetap di Tiongkok. Bangsa Mongol memberikan status kepada imigran asing, seperti Muslim, Kristen, dan Yahudi dari Asia barat lebih tinggi dari pribumi [[Suku Han|Han Tionghoa]] sebagai bagian dari mereka mengatur strategi, sehingga memberikan umat Islam pengaruh berat. Mongol merekrut dan merelokasi paksa ratusan ribu imigran Muslim dari [[Asia Barat|Barat]] dan [[Asia Tengah]] untuk membantu mereka mengelola kekaisaran mereka yang berkembang pesat. Mongol menggunakan Persia, Arab dan Buddha [[Yugur|Uyghur]] administrator, umum dikenal sebagai ''semu'' [色目]("berbagai warna mata") untuk bertindak sebagai petugas [[Pajak|perpajakan]] dan [[keuangan]]. Umat Islam yang dipimpin banyak perusahaan-perusahaan di Tiongkok pada awal periode Yuan.{{Page needed|date=September 2010}} cendekiawan Muslim dibawa untuk bekerja membuat [[kalender]] dan [[Astronomi di dunia Islam pada Abad Pertengahan|astronomi]]. Arsitek Yeheidie'erding (Amir al-Din) belajar dari arsitektur Han dan membantu untuk merancang pembangunan ibu kota Dinasti Yuan, [[Khanbaliq|Dadu]], atau dikenal sebagai Khanbaliq atau Khanbaligh, pendahulu dari hari ini [[Beijing|di Beijing]]. istilah [[Suku Hui|Hui]] berasal dari [[bahasa Mandarin]] "Huihui," sebuah istilah yang pertama kali digunakan dalam [[Dinasti Yuan]] untuk menggambarkan [[Asia Tengah]], persia dan Arab penduduk di Tiongkok.
 
=== Dinasti Ming ===
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[[Berkas:Chen_Zhang's_painting_of_a_giraffe_and_its_attendant.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Jerapah dibawa ke [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]] oleh [[Cheng Ho|Zheng He]] sebagai ''Harta karun Armada''.]]
[[Berkas:Zheng-He-7th-expedition-map.svg|jmpl|Prestasi [[Cheng Ho|Zheng He]]'s 7th pelayaran.]]
Anti babi pembantaian dekrit menimbulkan spekulasi bahwa [[Kaisar Zhengde|Zhengde Kaisar]] mengadopsi Islam karena penggunaan nya Muslim kasim yang ditugaskan produksi porselen dengan persia dan arab prasasti dalam warna putih dan biru. Muslim kasim memberikan kontribusi uang di 1496 untuk memperbaiki [[Masjid Niujie]]. Central wanita Asia yang disediakan untuk Zhengde Kaisar oleh seorang Muslim menjaga dan Sayyid Hussein dari [[Hami]]. penjaga itu [[Yu Yang|Yu Yung]] dan wanita [[Uighur]]. tidak diketahui siapa yang benar-benar berada di balik anti-babi pembantaian dekrit. spekulasi dia menjadi seorang Muslim dikenang bersama-nya berlebihan dan bermoral perilaku bersama dengan selir asal luar negeri. Muslim Central Asia gadis-gadis yang disukai oleh Zhengde seperti bagaimana gadis-gadis korea yang disukai oleh Xuande. Uighur selir itu disimpan oleh Zhengde. Asing asal Uighur dan Mongol wanita yang disukai oleh Zhengde kaisar. [[Tatar]] (Mongol) dan Central Asia wanita bersetubuh dengan Zhengde. Zhengde menerima Central Asia Muslim Semu perempuan dari Muslim penjaga Yu Yong: 錦衣衛都指揮同知於永致仕。特許其子承襲。指揮同知永色目人,善陰道秘戲得幸於豹房,左右皆畏避之。又言回回女晢潤瑳粲大勝中國,上悅之。時都督昌佐亦色目人,永矯旨索佐家回女善西域舞者十二人以進,又諷請召侯伯故色目籍家婦人入內教之,內外切齒。後上欲召永女入,永以鄰人白回子女充名以入,懼事覺,乃求致仕 你兒干 你兒幹 Ni'ergan adalah nama dari salah seorang Muslim selir.
 
==== Makam Imam Asim dan Mazaar Zafar Sadiq ====
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=== Dinasti Qing ===
[[Berkas:Huijiangzhi_(Gazetteer_of_the_Muslim_Regions),_1772..jpg|jmpl|Lukisan yang menggambarkan seorang Muslim Turki dari Altishahr, selama pemerintahan [[dinasti Qing]].]]
Ketika dinasti Qing menggantikan [[dinasti Ming]] mulai tahun 1644, Muslim Ming loyalis di [[Gansu]] yang dipimpin oleh para pemimpin Muslim Milayin dan Ding Guodong memimpin pemberontakan di 1646 terhadap Qing selama Milayin pemberontakan dalam rangka mendorong Qing dan mengembalikan Ming Pangeran Yanchang Zhu tempat [[Sichuan|shichuan]] ke tahta sebagai kaisar. Muslim Ming loyalis didukung oleh Hami Sultan Sa'id Baba dan putranya Pangeran Turumtay. Muslim Ming loyalis bergabung dengan orang-orang Tibet dan Han Cina dalam pemberontakan. Setelah pertempuran sengit, dan negosiasi, perjanjian perdamaian yang disepakati di dalam 1649, dan Milayan dan Ding nominal berjanji alleigance ke Qing dan diberi peringkat sebagai anggota militer Qing. Ketika Ming loyalis di Cina selatan membuat kebangkitan dan Qing dipaksa untuk menarik pasukan mereka dari Gansu untuk melawan mereka, Milayan dan Ding sekali lagi mengangkat senjata dan memberontak terhadap dinasti Qing. Muslim Ming loyalis yang kemudian dihancurkan oleh Qing dengan 100.000 dari mereka, termasuk Milayin, Ding Guodong, dan Turumtay tewas dalam pertempuran.
 
=== Sekte Islam ===
Sudah banyak kejadian kekerasan pertempuran sektarian antara berbagai [[Hui]] sekte. Pertempuran sektarian antara Hui sekte menyebabkan [[Jahriyya]] pemberontakan pada tahun 1780-an dan tahun 1895 pemberontakan. Setelah hiatus setelah Republik Rakyat Cina berkuasa, sektarian dalam pertempuran dilanjutkan pada tahun 1990-an di Ningxia antara sekte-sekte yang berbeda. Beberapa sekte yang menolak untuk kawin dengan satu sama lain. Salah satu sekte [[Sufi]] yang beredar anti-[[Salaf|Salafi]] pamflet dalam bahasa arab.
 
== Orang ==
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[[Muslim|Umat islam]] hidup di setiap wilayah di [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|China]]. konsentrasi tertinggi ditemukan di barat laut provinsi [[Xinjiang]], [[Gansu]], [[Ningxia]], dengan populasi yang signifikan juga ditemukan di seluruh [[Yunnan]] provinsi di barat daya [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Cina]] dan [[Henan]] provinsi di central [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|China]]. Dari [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Cina]]'s 55 resmi diakui masyarakat minoritas, sepuluh kelompok yang mayoritas penduduknya [[Muslim]]. Kelompok terbesar dalam urutan yang [[Suku Hui|Hui]] (9.8 juta pada tahun 2000 sensus, atau 48% dari resmi tabulasi jumlah Muslim), [[Suku Uighur|Uyghur]] (8.4 juta, 41%), kazakhstan (1.25 juta, 6.1%), Dongxiang (514,000, 2.5%), Kyrgyz (144,000), [[Uzbek]] (125,000), [[Suku Salar|Salar]] (105,000), [[Bangsa Tajik|tajikistan]] (41,000), Bonan (17,000), dan Tatar (5,000). Namun, masing-masing anggota secara tradisional kelompok-kelompok Muslim yang mungkin memeluk agama-agama lain atau tidak sama sekali. Selain itu, [[Muslim Tibet]] yang secara resmi diklasifikasikan bersama dengan [[Bangsa Tibet|orang-orang Tibet]]. Umat Islam umumnya tinggal di daerah-daerah yang berbatasan dengan Asia Tengah, Tibet dan Mongolia, yaitu [[Xinjiang]], [[Ningxia]], [[Gansu]] dan [[Qinghai]], yang dikenal sebagai "Sabuk Quran".
 
Menurut [[China Family Panel Studios]] ( CFPS ) pada tahun 2014, ada sekitar 6.255.000 jiwa warga [[Tiongkok]] yang beragama [[Islam]] ( 0.45% dari populasi Tiongkok ). Namun, menurut [[Pew Research Center]] ( PRC ) pada tahun yang sama, populasinya mencapai 23.300.000 ( 1.7% dari populasi Tiongkok.
=== Jumlah Muslim di Cina ===
[[Berkas:Allah_Names_in_Chinese_Arabic_Script.jpg|ka|jmpl|99 nama-nama [[Allah]], di [[Rumpun bahasa Tionghoa|Cina]] Sini.]]
 
== Culture and heritage ==
[[Berkas:Niujie_Mosques02.jpg|ka|jmpl|The [[Masjid Niujie|Niujie Mosque]] in Beijing]]
Taking the Mongol Eurasian empire as a point of departure, the ethnogenesis of the Hui, or Sinophone Muslims, can also be charted through the emergence of distinctly Chinese Muslim traditions in architecture, food, epigraphy and Islamic written culture. This multifaceted cultural heritage continues to the present day.
 
=== Military ===
Muslims have often filled Remarkable military positions, and many Muslims have joined the Chinese army. Muslims served extensively in the Chinese military, as both officials and soldiers. It was said that the Muslim Dongxiang and [[Suku Salar|Salar]] were given to "eating rations", a reference to military service.
 
=== Islamic architecture in China ===
[[Berkas:Kashgar-mezquita-id-kah-d01.jpg|kiri|jmpl|[[Masjid Id Kah|Id Kah Mosque]]]]
In Chinese, a mosque is called ''qīngzhēn sì'' (清真寺) or "pure truth temple." The [[Masjid Raya Xi'an|Great Mosque of Xi'an]] (first established during the Tang era) and the Great Southern Mosque in Jinan, whose current buildings date from the [[Dinasti Ming|Ming Dynasty]], do not replicate many of the features often associated with traditional mosques. Instead, they follow traditional Chinese architecture. Mosques in western China incorporate more of the elements seen in mosques in other parts of the world. Western Chinese mosques were more likely to incorporate minarets and domes while eastern Chinese mosques were more likely to look like [[pagoda]]s.
 
As in all regions the Chinese Islamic architecture reflects the local architecture in its style. China is renowned for its beautiful mosques, which resemble temples. However, in western China the mosques resemble those of the middle east, with tall, slender minarets, curvy arches and dome shaped roofs. In northwest China where the Chinese [[Suku Hui|Hui]] have built their mosques, there is a combination of east and west. The mosques have flared Chinese-style roofs set in walled courtyards entered through archways with miniature domes and minarets. The first mosque was the Great Mosque of Xian, or the Xian Mosque, which was created in the [[Dinasti Tang|Tang Dynasty]] in the 7th century.
 
=== Makanan Halal di Cina ===
[[Berkas:5726-Linxia-City-a-mosque-and-Huihui-Xiang-Su-Pen-restaurant-at-the-corner-of-Hongyuan-Xin-Cun-Lu-and-Huancheng-Xi-Lu.jpg|jmpl|Seorang Muslim yang khas restoran di [[Linxia|Linxia Kota]].]]
[[Berkas:Huxi Mosque - Butcher Shop.jpg|jmpl|Toko daging halal di [[Shanghai]].]]
Halal food has a long history in [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|China]]. The arrival of Arabian and Persian merchants during the [[Dinasti Tang|Tang]] and [[Dinasti Song|Song dynasties]] saw the introduction of the [[Muslim]] diet. Chinese Muslim cuisine adheres strictly to the [[Islam]]ic dietary rules with mutton and lamb being the predominant ingredient. The advantage of Muslim cuisine in China is that it has inherited the diverse cooking methods of Chinese cuisine for example, braising, roasting, steaming, stewing and many more. Due to China's multicultural background Muslim cuisine retains its own style and characteristics according to regions.
 
Due to the large [[Muslim]] population in western [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|China]], many Chinese restaurants cater to Muslims or cater to the general public but are run by Muslims. In most major cities in China, there are small Islamic restaurants or food stalls typically run by migrants from Western China (e.g., [[Suku Uighur|Uyghurs]]), which offer inexpensive noodle soup. [[Daging domba|Lamb and mutton]] dishes are more commonly available than in other Chinese restaurants, due to the greater prevalence of these meats in the cuisine of western Chinese regions. Commercially prepared food can be certified [[Halal]] by approved agencies. In Chinese, [[halal]] is called ''qīngzhēncài'' (清真菜) or "pure truth food."
Beef and lamb slaughtered according to Islamic rituals is also commonly available in public markets, especially in North China. Such meat is sold by Muslim butchers, who operate independent stalls next to non-Muslim butchers.
 
=== Keuangan Islam di Cina ===
Cina dan Muslim ekonom yang memiliki tradisi panjang dengan keuangan Islam. Resmi terbaru usaha Bank Ningxia, sedangkan Hong Kong sebagai pusat keuangan sedang membahas secara intensif perannya.
 
=== Calligraphy ===
 
==== Sini ====
Sini is a [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Chinese]] [[Islam]]ic [[Kaligrafi|calligraphic form]] for the Arabic script. It can refer to any type of Chinese Islamic calligraphy, but is commonly used to refer to one with thick and tapered effects, much like [[Kaligrafi Tionghoa|Chinese calligraphy]]. It is used extensively in [[Masjid|mosques]] in eastern China, and to a lesser extent in [[Gansu]], [[Ningxia]], and [[Shaanxi]]. A famous Sini calligrapher is [[Haji (gelar)|Hajji]] Noor Deen Mi Guangjiang.
 
==== Xiao'erjingTokoh ternama ====
===Penjelajah===
[[Berkas:Xiao-Er-Jin.jpg|jmpl|A [[Rumpun bahasa Tionghoa|Chinese]]-[[Bahasa Arab|Arabic]]-'''Xiaoerjing''' dictionary from the early days of the [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|People's Republic of China]].]]
[[Berkas:Stamps_of_Indonesia,_026-05.jpg|jmpl|Perangko dengan tokoh [[Cheng Ho]].]]
Xiao'erjing (also Xiao'erjin or Xiaojing) is the practice of writing Sinitic languages such as [[Bahasa Mandarin|Mandarin]] (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan, and Northeastern dialects) or the Dungan language in the Arabic script. It is used on occasion by many [[Etnis minoritas di Tiongkok|ethnic minorities]] who adhere to the Islamic faith in [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|China]] (mostly the [[Suku Hui|Hui]], but also the Dongxiang, and the [[Suku Salar|Salar]]), and formerly by their [[Dungan]] descendants in Central Asia.
*[[Zheng He]], pelaut dan penjelajah.
*[[Fei Xin]], penerjemah Zheng He
*[[Ma Huan]], rekan Zheng He.
* Jenderal pada Era Qing:
*: {{hlist |[[Dong Fuxiang]] |[[Ma Rulong (jenderal Era Qing)|Ma Julung]] |[[Ma Xinyi]]&nbsp;{{smaller|(late Qing dynasty)}}}}
* Jenderal di Republik Tiongkok:
*: {{hlist |[[Ma Zhancang]] |[[Ma Fuyuan]] |[[Ma Ju-lung (Nationalist general)|Ma Ju-lung]] |[[Ma Zhanhai]] |[[Bai Chongxi]] |[[Ma Ching-chiang]]&nbsp;{{smaller|(Lt. General)}}}}
* Panglima perang [[Ma clique]] selama era Republik Tiongkok:
*: {{hlist |[[Ma Bufang]] |[[Ma Chung-ying]] |[[Ma Fuxiang]] |[[Ma Hongkui]] |[[Ma Dunjing (1910-2003)]] |[[Ma Hongbin]] |[[Ma Dunjing (1906-1972)]] |[[Ma Lin (warlord)|Ma Lin]] |[[Ma Qi]] |[[Ma Hu-shan]] |[[Ma Zhan'ao]] |[[Ma Qianling]] |[[Ma Fushou]] |[[Ma Fulu]] |[[Ma Anliang]] |[[Ma Guoliang]] |[[Ma Buqing]] |[[Ma Bukang]] |[[Ma Jiyuan]] |[[Ma Chengxiang]] |[[Ma Haiyan]]}}
* Jenderal dari Divisi ke-36:
*: {{hlist |[[Ma Sheng-kuei]] |[[Su Chin-shou]] |[[Pai Tzu-li]]}}
* [[Du Wenxiu]], [[Ma Hualong]], dan [[Ma Zhan'ao]], pemimpin [[Pemberontakan Panthay]] di Yunnan
* [[Ma Shenglin]], paman buyut [[Ma Shaowu]] dan memberontak selama Pemberontakan Panthay.
* [[Ma Zhanshan]], gerilya selama [[Perang Sino-Jepang Kedua]].
* [[Ma Xiao]], Jenderal ([[Liu Wenhui]]).
* [[Zuo Baogui]] (1837–1894), jenderal Muslim Qing dari [[Shandong]]<ref>A memorial to him was built.{{where|date=January 2014}} {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Lp8tgr3esC&dq=ma+wanfu+exile+xinjiang&q=ma+fuxiang#v=onepage |title=Muslims in China |author=Aliya Ma Lynn |year=2007 |publisher=University Press |location= |page=44 |isbn=978-0-88093-861-7 |accessdate=2010-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213031251/http://books.google.com/books?id=s4Lp8tgr3esC&dq=ma+wanfu+exile+xinjiang&q=ma+fuxiang#v=onepage&q=zuo%20baogui%20killed%20sino-japanese%20war&f=false |archive-date=2011-12-13 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muslem.net.cn/bbs/article-14126-1.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-03-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406024009/http://www.muslem.net.cn/bbs/article-14126-1.html |archivedate=2016-04-06 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muslem.net.cn/bbs/article-12642-1.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-03-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406005534/http://www.muslem.net.cn/bbs/article-12642-1.html |archivedate=2016-04-06 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muslem.net.cn/bbs/article-14357-1.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-03-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404151132/http://muslem.net.cn/bbs/article-14357-1.html |archivedate=2016-04-04 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muslem.net.cn/bbs/portal.php?mod%3Dview%26aid%3D14126 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-03-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406010922/http://www.muslem.net.cn/bbs/portal.php?mod=view&aid=14126 |archivedate=2016-04-06 |df= }}</ref>
 
===Tokoh Martial arts agama===
* [[Liu Zhi (scholar)|Liu Zhi]] ({{nowrap|{{circa}} 1660 –}} {{circa}}&nbsp;1739)
There is a long history of Muslim development and participation at the highest level of Chinese ''wushu''. The [[Suku Hui|Hui]] started and adapted many of the styles of ''wushu'' such as ''bajiquan'', ''piguazhang'', and ''[[Xingyiquan|liuhequan]]''. There were specific areas that were known to be centers of [[Muslim]] ''wushu'', such as Cang County in [[Hebei|Hebei Province]]. These traditional Hui martial arts were very distinct from the Turkic styles practiced in [[Xinjiang]].
* [[Qi Jingyi]] (1656–1719)
* [[Ma Laichi]] (1681?-1766?)
* [[Ma Mingxin]] (1719–1781)
* [[Ma Wanfu]]
* [[Ma Qixi]] (1857–1914)
* [[Ma Yuanzhang]]
* [[Wang Jingzhai]]
* [[Hu Songshan]] (1880–1956)
 
===Sarjana Literaturedan penulis===
*[[Bai Shouyi]]
The Han Kitab was a collection of Chinese Islamic texts written by [[Suku Hui|Chinese Muslim]] which synthesized [[Islam]] and [[Agama Khonghucu|Confucianism]]. It was written in the early 18th century during the [[Dinasti Qing|Qing dynasty]]. Han is Chinese for Chinese, and kitab (ketabu in Chinese) is Arabic for book. Liu Zhi wrote his Han Kitab in [[Nanjing]] in the early 18th century. The works of Wu Sunqie, Zhang Zhong, and Wang Daiyu were also included in the Han Kitab.
*[[Tohti Tunyaz]]
*[[Ma Zhu]]
*[[Yusuf Ma Dexin]]
*[[Muhammad Ma Jian]]
*[[Wang Daiyu]]
*[[Zhang Chengzhi]]
*[[Pai Hsien-yung]]
*[[Yusuf Liu Baojun]]
 
===Pejabat===
The Han Kitab was widely read and approved of by later Chinese Muslims such as Ma Qixi, [[Ma Fuxiang]], and Hu Songshan. They believed that Islam could be understood through Confucianism.
*[[Ma Xinyi]]
*[[Ma Linyi]]
*[[Tang Kesan]]
 
===Bela Education diri===
*[[Ma Xianda]]
A lot of Chinese students including male and females join [[Universitas Islam Internasional Islamabad|International Islamic University, Islamabad]] to gain Islamic knowledge. For some Muslim groups in China, such as [[Suku Hui|Hui]] and [[Suku Salar|Salars]] minorities, coeducation is frowned upon; for some groups such as [[Suku Uighur|Uyghurs]], it is not.
*[[Wang Zi-Ping]]
*[[Chang Dongsheng]]
 
=== Women Imams Seni===
*Noor Deen Mi Guangjiang
With the exception of China, the world has very few Mosques directed by women. China is alone with having the position of Imam held by women.
 
== Famous Muslims in ChinaDemografi ==
 
=== ExplorersDistribusi geografi ===
Berikut 10 provinsi di Tiongkok dengan muslim terbesar dan jumlah tempat ibadah per provinsi.
[[Berkas:Stamps_of_Indonesia,_026-05.jpg|jmpl|[[Cheng Ho|Zheng He]]'s voyages to secure the maritime routes, usher urbanization and assist in creating a common identity for trade in an ever increasing globalized world.]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Cheng Ho|Zheng He]], mariner and explorer.
|+Provinsi Muslim menurut penduduk Muslim dan jumlah masjid<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muslim in China, Muslim Population & Distribution & Minority in China|url=https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-china.htm|website=www.topchinatravel.com|access-date=2021-07-24}}</ref>
* Fei Xin, Zheng He's translator.
!Peringkat
* [[Ma Huan]], a companion of Zheng He.
!Provinsi
*
!Muslim
* Generals from the Qing era:
!Masjid
*
|-
* Generals in the Republic of China:
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''1'''
*
|[[Xinjiang]]
* Warlords of the [[Kelompok Ma|Ma clique]] during the Republic of China era:
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|13.400.000
*
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|24.000
* Generals from the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army):
|-
*
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''2'''
* Du Wenxiu, Ma Hualong and Ma Zhan'ao, leaders of the [[Pemberontakan Panthay|Panthay Rebellion]] in Yunnan and the [[Pemberontakan Dungan|Muslim rebellion in northwestern China]].
|[[Ningxia]]
* Ma Shenglin, great-uncle of Ma Shaowu and rebel during the Panthay Rebellion.
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|2.500.000
* Liu Bin Di, Hui [[Kuomintang]] officer who died while fighting against Uyghur rebels during the Ili Rebellion.
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|4.000
* Ma Zhanshan, guerilla during the [[Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua|Second Sino-Japanese War]].
|-
* Ma Xiao, General (Liu Wenhui).
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''3'''
* Zuo Baogui (左寶貴; 1837–1894), Qing Muslim general from [[Shandong]] who died while defending [[Pyongyang|Pingyang]], Korea, from the Japanese.
|[[Gansu]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|1.370.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|2.500
|-
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''4'''
|[[Qinghai]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|1.150.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|930
|-
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''5'''
|[[Yunnan]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|1.090.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|820
|-
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''6'''
|[[Henan]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|1.020.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|620
|-
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''7'''
|[[Hebei]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|600.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|578
|-
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''8'''
|[[Shandong]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|540.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|506
|-
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''9'''
|[[Anhui]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|330.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|121
|-
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|'''10'''
|[[Liaoning]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|310.000
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|119
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Provinsi lainnya menurut penduduk Muslim
!Provinsi
!Muslim
|-
|[[Beijing]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|249.223
|-
|[[Shanghai]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|78.163
|-
|[[Shaanxi]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|138.716
|-
|[[Fujian]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|115.978
|-
|[[Jilin]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|118.799
|-
|[[Zhejiang]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|117.000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zhejiang Muslim Population, Restaurant, Mosque in Hangzhou, Ningbo|url=https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-zhejiang.htm|website=www.topchinatravel.com|access-date=2021-07-27}}</ref>
|-
|[[Shanxi]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|59.709
|-
|[[Chongqing]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|9.056
|-
|[[Tianjin]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|177.734
|-
|[[Mongolia Dalam]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|270.000
|-
|[[Jiangsu]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|130.757
|-
|[[Hunan]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|118.799
|-
|[[Heilongjiang]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|101.749
|-
|[[Hainan]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; text-align:center;"|10.670
|}
 
===Muslim Agamaberdasarkan Etnis===
Berikut daftar etnis Muslim Tiongkok menurut Statista.com
* Liu Zhi ({{Nowrap|{{circa}} 1660 –}} {{Circa}} 1739), Islam penulis (dinasti Qing).
{| class="wikitable"
* Qi Jingyi (1656-1719), guru Sufi yang memperkenalkan [[Tarekat Qodiriyah|Qadiriyyah]] sekolah ke China.
|+
* Ma Laichi (1681?-1766?), Guru Sufi yang membawa Khufiyya [[Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah|Naqshbandi]] gerakan ke China.
!Etnis
* Ma Mingxin (1719-1781), pendiri Jahriyya [[Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah|Naqshbandi]] gerakan.
!Muslim (1.000)<ref>{{Cite web|title=China: Muslim population by ethnicity 2010|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/619931/china-number-of-muslims-by-ethnicity/|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=2021-08-11}}</ref>
* Ma Wanfu, pendiri [[Yihewani]].
|-
* Ma Qixi(1857-1914), pendiri Xidaotang.
|[[Suku Hui|Hui]]
* Ma Yuanzhang, Jahriyya [[Sufisme|Sufi]] pemimpin.
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|10.586
* Wang Jingzhai, salah satu dari empat terkenal Imam dari periode Republik
|-
* Hu Songshan (1880-1956), [[Yihewani]] pembaharu dan Cina nasionalis.
|[[Suku Uighur|Uighur]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|10.069
|-
|[[Bangsa Kazakh|Kazakh]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|1.462.6
|-
|[[Dongxiang]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|621.5
|-
|[[Bangsa Kirgiz|Kirgiz]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|186.7
|-
|[[Suku Salar|Salar]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|130.6
|-
|[[Bangsa Tajik|Tadzhik]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|51.1
|-
|Bao'an/[[Suku Bonan|Bonan]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|20
|-
|[[Uzbek]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|10.6
|-
|[[Bangsa Tatar|Tatar]]
|style="style=background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;"|3.56
|}
 
== Lihat juga ==
* Asosiasi Islam China
* [[Islam di Hong Kong]]
* [[Islam di MacauMakau]]
* [[Islam di Taiwan]]
* [[Pujian Seratus kata|Seratus-kata Madah]]
Baris 129 ⟶ 252:
* [[Demografi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Demografi Republik Rakyat Cina]]
* [[Kekristenan di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Kekristenan di Cina]]
* [[Masjid wanita]]
 
== Catatan kaki ==