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Revisi per 22 Juni 2020 05.28 sunting NFarras (bicara \| kontrib) Pengurus 26.749 suntingan Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan halaman "Electron (rocket)" Tag: Terjemahan Konten Terjemahan Konten v2		Revisi terkini sejak 7 Desember 2024 01.07 sunting balikkan Fatolosa Hulu (bicara \| kontrib) 67 suntingan Fitur saranan suntingan: 2 pranala ditambahkan. Tag: VisualEditor Tugas pengguna baru Disarankan: tambahkan pranala
(11 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: ~~{{Under construction}}~~{{Infobox rocket\|name=Electron\|comparable=[[Shavit]], [[Kaituozhe-1]], [[Unha]], [[Orbex#Prime launcher\|Prime]], [[PLD Space#Miura 5\|Miura 5]]\|capacities={{Infobox rocket/payload▼ \|location = 500 km [[~~Sun-synchronous~~Orbit ~~orbit~~sinkron Matahari\|SSO]]<ref name=rocketlab-electron />▼ ▲{{Under construction}}{{Infobox rocket\|name=Electron\|comparable=[[Shavit]], [[Kaituozhe-1]], [[Unha]], [[Orbex#Prime launcher\|Prime]], [[PLD Space#Miura 5\|Miura 5]]\|capacities={{Infobox rocket/payload \|kilos = {{convert\|150\|-\|225\|kg\|abbr=on\|round=5}}~~<ref name=rocketlab-electron />~~▼ ▲ \|location = 500 km [[Sun-synchronous orbit\|SSO]]<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> }}\|only=<!--launch date if only one was launched, optional-->\|last=13 ~~June~~Juni 2020 <!---updated for ~~Flight~~5 12Juni 2020 --->\|first=25 ~~May~~Mei 2017\|other_outcome=<!--number of launches with unknown outcomes (or in progress), optional-->\|partial=<!--total partially failed launches, optional-->\|fail=12<!--total failed launches, optional-->\|success=11<!--total successful launches, optional-->\|launches=1213<!--total launches to date: Latest was #1213 "~~Don't~~Pics ~~stop~~or meit didn"t ~~now~~happen"-->\|sites={{plainlist\|▼ ▲ \|kilos = {{convert\|150\|-\|225\|kg\|abbr=on\|round=5}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> * [[Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1\|Mahia LC-1]] (~~active~~aktif)▼ ▲ }}\|only=<!--launch date if only one was launched, optional-->\|last=13 June 2020 <!---updated for Flight 12 --->\|first=25 May 2017\|other_outcome=<!--number of launches with unknown outcomes (or in progress), optional-->\|partial=<!--total partially failed launches, optional-->\|fail=1<!--total failed launches, optional-->\|success=11<!--total successful launches, optional-->\|launches=12<!--total launches to date: Latest was #12 "Don't stop me now"-->\|sites={{plainlist\| * [[Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport\|MARS]] (~~planned~~rencana)▼ ▲* [[Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1\|Mahia LC-1]] (active) * [[Sutherland spaceport\|Sutherland]] (~~proposed~~usulan)<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/07/16/scotland-site-selected-as-launch-base-for-lockheed-martin-orbex/ \|title=Scotland site selected as launch base for Lockheed Martin, Orbex \|work=Spaceflight Now \|first=Stephen \|last=Clark \|date=16 July 2018}}</ref>▼ ▲* [[Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport\|MARS]] (planned) }}\|status=~~Active~~Aktif\|derivatives=~~\|logo=[[File:Electron rocket logo.svg\|center\|200px]]~~\|family=\|stages=2–3<ref name=rocketlab-electron /><ref name=pm-stage3>{{cite news \|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a15854376/rocket-lab-engine-kick-stage-electron-rocket/ \|title=Rocket Lab Reveals Secret Engine and "Kick Stage" for the Electron Rocket \|work=Popular Mechanics \|last1=Bennett \|first1=Jay \|date=23 January 2018 \|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref>\|mass={{convert\|12500\|kg\|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite ~~name~~web \|url=http://www.spacelaunchreport-.com/electron.html \|title=Rocket Lab Electron Data Sheet \|publisher=Space Launch Report \|date=November 2018 \|access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref>\|diameter={{convert\|1.2\|m\|abbr=on}}<ref name=~~rocketlab-electron~~massaelektron />\|height={{convert\|17\|m\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron>{{cite web \|url=https://rocketlabusa.com/electron/ \|title=Electron \|publisher=Rocket Lab \|accessdate=24 July 2017 \|archive-date=2018-01-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122001120/http://www.rocketlabusa.com/electron/ \|dead-url=yes }}</ref>\|cpl=~~About~~Sekitar {{US$\|6 ~~million~~juta}}<ref name="science20171206" />\|pcost=<!--project cost, optional-->\|country-origin=~~New~~[[Selandia ~~Zealand~~Baru]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-celebrates-rich-ten-year-history/ \|title=Rocket Lab Celebrates Rich Ten-Year History \|date=30 June 2016 \|publisher=Rocket Lab USA}}</ref><br />~~United~~[[Amerika ~~States~~Serikat]]<ref name="ars20181017">{{cite news \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/10/rocket-lab-gets-second-launch-site-gears-up-for-rapid-flight-cadence/ \|title=Rocket Lab Gets Second Launch Site Gears Up for Rapid Flight Cadence \|work=Ars Technica \|first=Eric \|last=Berger \|date=17 October 2018 \|accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="sfi20150502">{{cite news \|url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/rocket-lab-electron-rutherford-peter-beck-started-first-place/ \|title=Rocket Lab: the Electron, the Rutherford, and why Peter Beck started it in the first place \|work=Spaceflight Insider \|first=Rae \|last=Botsford End \|date=2 May 2015 \|accessdate=20 October 2018}}</ref>▼ ▲* [[Sutherland spaceport\|Sutherland]] (proposed)<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/07/16/scotland-site-selected-as-launch-base-for-lockheed-martin-orbex/ \|title=Scotland site selected as launch base for Lockheed Martin, Orbex \|work=Spaceflight Now \|first=Stephen \|last=Clark \|date=16 July 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-successfully-makes-it-to-space-2/ \|title=Rocket Lab Electron 'Its a Test' flight successfully makes it to space \|date=25 May 2017 \|publisher=Rocket Lab}}</ref>\|manufacturer=[[Rocket Lab]]\|function=[[~~Small-lift~~Kendaraan ~~launch~~peluncur ~~vehicle\|Small-lift~~orbital]] ~~[[Orbital~~kelas ~~launch vehicle]]~~rendah\|image=~~[[File:~~Electron Orthographic.png~~\|center\|319x319px]]~~\|stagedata={{Infobox rocket/stage▼ ▲}}\|status=Active\|derivatives=\|logo=[[File:Electron rocket logo.svg\|center\|200px]]\|family=\|stages=2–3<ref name=rocketlab-electron /><ref name=pm-stage3>{{cite news \|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a15854376/rocket-lab-engine-kick-stage-electron-rocket/ \|title=Rocket Lab Reveals Secret Engine and "Kick Stage" for the Electron Rocket \|work=Popular Mechanics \|last1=Bennett \|first1=Jay \|date=23 January 2018 \|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref>\|mass={{convert\|12500\|kg\|abbr=on}}<ref name=spacelaunchreport-electron />\|diameter={{convert\|1.2\|m\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />\|height={{convert\|17\|m\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron>{{cite web \|url=https://rocketlabusa.com/electron/ \|title=Electron \|publisher=Rocket Lab \|accessdate=24 July 2017}}</ref>\|cpl=About {{US$\|6 million}}<ref name="science20171206" />\|pcost=<!--project cost, optional-->\|country-origin=New Zealand<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-celebrates-rich-ten-year-history/ \|title=Rocket Lab Celebrates Rich Ten-Year History \|date=30 June 2016 \|publisher=Rocket Lab USA}}</ref><br />United States<ref name="ars20181017">{{cite news \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/10/rocket-lab-gets-second-launch-site-gears-up-for-rapid-flight-cadence/ \|title=Rocket Lab Gets Second Launch Site Gears Up for Rapid Flight Cadence \|work=Ars Technica \|first=Eric \|last=Berger \|date=17 October 2018 \|accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="sfi20150502">{{cite news \|url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/rocket-lab-electron-rutherford-peter-beck-started-first-place/ \|title=Rocket Lab: the Electron, the Rutherford, and why Peter Beck started it in the first place \|work=Spaceflight Insider \|first=Rae \|last=Botsford End \|date=2 May 2015 \|accessdate=20 October 2018}}</ref> ▲<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-successfully-makes-it-to-space-2/ \|title=Rocket Lab Electron 'Its a Test' flight successfully makes it to space \|date=25 May 2017 \|publisher=Rocket Lab}}</ref>\|manufacturer=[[Rocket Lab]]\|function=[[Small-lift launch vehicle\|Small-lift]] [[Orbital launch vehicle]]\|image=[[File:Electron Orthographic.png\|center\|319x319px]]\|stagedata={{Infobox rocket/stage \|type = stage \|stageno = ~~First~~pertama \|length = {{convert\|12.1\|m\|abbr=on}} \|diameter = {{convert\|1.2\|m\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> Baris 17 ⟶ 16: \|propmass = <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, optional--> \|engines = 9 × [[Rutherford (rocket engine)\|Rutherford]]<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> \|thrust = {{nowrap\|'''Sea level:''' {{convert\|162\|kN\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />}} <br/> '''~~Vacuum~~Vakum:''' {{convert\|192\|kN\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> \|SI = {{convert\|303\|isp}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> \|burntime = <!--burn time, required--> Baris 24 ⟶ 23: {{Infobox rocket/stage \|type = stage \|stageno = ~~Second~~kedua \|length = {{convert\|2.4\|m\|abbr=on}} \|diameter = {{convert\|1.2\|m\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> Baris 30 ⟶ 29: \|gross = <!--gross (fuelled) mass of a single booster/stage, optional--> \|propmass = <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, optional--> \|engines = 1 × [[Rutherford (~~rocket~~mesin ~~engine~~roket)\|Rutherford]]<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> \|thrust = '''~~Vacuum~~Vakum:''' {{convert\|22\|kN\|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> \|SI = {{convert\|333\|isp}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron /> \|burntime = <!--burn time, required--> Baris 38 ⟶ 37: {{Infobox rocket/stage \|type = stage \|stageno = ~~Third~~ketiga \|diff = ~~optional~~opsional \|length = \|diameter = Baris 45 ⟶ 44: \|gross = <!--gross (fuelled) mass of a single booster/stage, optional--> \|propmass = <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, optional--> \|engines = 1 × [[Curie (~~rocket~~mesin ~~engine~~roket)\|Curie]]<ref name=pm-stage3 /> \|thrust = '''~~Vacuum~~Vakum:''' {{convert\|0.12\|kN\|abbr=on}}<ref name=pm-stage3 /> \|SI = \|burntime = <!--burn time, required--> \|fuel = ''~~unspecified~~ "''green" monopropellant'' yang tidak diketahui'' }}\|imsize=20px}}<nowiki> </nowiki>'''Electron''' adalah kendaraan peluncur orbital [[Dua-tahap-ke-orbit\|dua-tahap]] (dengan tahap ketiga opsional) yang dikembangkan dan dioperasikan oleh perusahaan dirgantara Amerika [[Rocket Lab]] dengan tujuan melayani segmen peluncuran [[Miniaturisasi satelit\|satelit kecil]] menuju orbit. [[ Rutherford (mesin roket) \|Mesin Rutherford]] yang digunakannya adalah mesin roket orbital pertama yang menggunakan pompa bertenaga listrik.<ref name="popsci_rutherford">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.popsci.com/rocket-labs-got-3d-printed-battery-powered-rocket-engine\|title=A 3D-Printed, Battery-Powered Rocket Engine\|work=Popular Science\|last=Grush\|first=Loren\|date=14 April 2015\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Pada Desember 2016, Electron menyelesaikan kualifikasi penerbangan. Peluncuran pertama Electron dilakukan pada 25 Mei 2017, namun roket gagal mencapai orbit karena kegagalan pada peralatan komunikasi di darat. Pada 21 Januari 2018, Electron meluncur untuk kedua kalinya dan berhasil mencapai orbit. Peluncuran tersebut meluncurkan tiga CubeSat menuju orbit.<ref name="nzh20180121">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11979201\|title=Blast off! Rocket Lab successfully reaches orbit\|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]\|last=Ryan\|first=Holly\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> Peluncuran ketiga sekaligus peluncuran komersil pertamanya dilakukan pada 11 November 2018.<ref>{{Citation\|last=Rocket Lab\|title=It's Business Time Launch - 11/11/2018\|date=10 November 2018\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=26&v=sPwMuUxSrcA\|access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref> == Desain == Electron menggunakan dua tahap roket yang menggunakan propelan [[RP-1]]/[[Oksigen cair\|LOX]] dengan diameter yang sama (1,2 meter). Bagian utama roket dibuat menggunakan material [[Plastik diperkuat-grafit\|komposit karbon]] ringan.<ref name="ft_launch">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.ft.com/content/41572f8a-fe4d-11e7-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5\|title=Private group in 'world first' cheap rocket launch\|work=[[Financial Times]]\|last=Smyth\|first=Jamie\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Kedua tahap roket menggunakan [[ Rutherford (mesin roket)\|mesin ~~\|mesinRutherford~~Rutherford]], mesin roket dengan pompa bertenaga listrik pertama yang mencapai orbit.<ref name="popsci_rutherford"~~>{{Cite news\|url=https:~~//www.popsci.com/rocket-labs-got-3d-printed-battery-powered-rocket-engine\|title=A 3D-Printed, Battery-Powered Rocket Engine\|work=Popular Science\|last=Grush\|first=Loren\|date=14 April 2015\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Tenaga listrik untuk sistem pompa ini dipasok oleh baterai [[ Baterai polimer lithium \|Li-Polymer]] yang dibawa oleh roket selama peluncuran. Tahap kedua menggunakan tiga baterai, dua baterai akan dilepas dari roket ketika daya listrik sudah habis untuk mengurangi massa roket.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://spaceflight101.com/launch-week-arrives-for-rocket-labs-electron/\|title=Launch Week Arrives for Rocket Lab's Electron – Spaceflight101\|language=en-US\|access-date=13 June 2019}}</ref> Tahap pertama Electron menggunakan sembilan mesin Rutherford, sementara satu versi mesin yang dioptimalkan untuk kondisi vakum ditugaskan pada tahap kedua roket. Mesin dari tahap pertama menghasilkan [[gaya dorong]] total sebesar {{Convert\|162\|kN\|abbr=on}} dan tahap kedua menghasilkan gaya dorong sebesar {{Convert\|22\|kN\|abbr=on}}. Hampir semua bagian mesin Rutherford dicetak menggunakan [[Percetakan 3D\|pencetak 3D]] untuk menghemat waktu dan biaya proses pembuatan.<ref name="ft_launch"~~>{{Cite news\|url=https:~~//www.ft.com/content/41572f8a-fe4d-11e7-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5\|title=Private group in 'world first' cheap rocket launch\|work=[[Financial Times]]\|last=Smyth\|first=Jamie\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Rocket Lab juga telah mengembangkan tahap ketiga opsional yang dirancang untuk menyempurnakan orbit dari muatan satelitnya. Tahap ketiga ini juga menempatkan satelit ke orbit yang lebih akurat dalam waktu yang lebih singkat. Tahapan roket yang juga disebut sebagai tahapan "kick" ini menggunakan mesin bernama Curie yang dicetak 3D dan mampu melakukan beberapa manuver pembakaran menggunakan [[ ~~Monopropellant \|~~monopropellant]] yang tidak diketahui oleh publik. Tahap ketiga ini pertama kali digunakan dalam penerbangan kedua Electron.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-launch-also-tested-new-kick-stage/\|title=Rocket Lab launch also tested new kick stage\|work=[[SpaceNews]]\|first=Jeff\|last=Foust\|date=23 January 2018\|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> Tahap "kick" dapat ~~menngangkut~~mengangkut muatan yang memiliki massa hingga {{Convert\|150\|kg\|lb\|abbr=on}}.<ref name="~~:11~~massaelektron">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-successfully-circularizes-orbit-with-new-electron-kick-stage/\|title=Rocket Lab successfully circularizes orbit with new Electron kick stage\|~~last~~website=Rocket Lab\|~~date~~language=~~23 January 2018~~en\|access-date=~~9 May 2019~~2020-06-22}}</ref> Varian tahap ketiga lainnya yang bernama 'Photon' saat ini sedang dikembangkan untuk dapat meluncurkan muatan kecil dengan massa hingga {{Cvt\|30\|kg}} menuju orbit bulan.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/10/rocket-lab-yep-rocket-lab-has-a-plan-to-deliver-satellites-to-the-moon/\|title=Rocket Lab—yep, Rocket Lab—has a plan to deliver satellites to the Moon\|work=Ars Technica\|first=Eric\|last=Berger\|date=21 October 2019}}</ref> === Produksi === Pembuatan komponen komposit karbon untuk struktur utama membutuhkan waktu 400 jam apabila dilakukan dengan cara konvensional. Pada akhir 2019, Rocket Lab mengadopsi proses produksi baru menggunakan robot untuk menghasilkan semua bagian komposit Electron hanya dalam 12 jam. Robot itu dinamai "Rosie 'the Robot", terinspirasi oleh karakter dalam serial animasi komedi [[The Jetsons]]. Proses robotik ini dapat membuat semua struktur serat karbon, menangani proses pemotongan, pengeboran, dan pengamplasan hingga semua bagian-bagiannya siap untuk perakitan akhir. Tujuan perusahaan pada November 2019 adalah meningkatkan efisiensi alur produksi Electron hingga mencapai laju produksi hanya tujuh hari untuk satu roket.<ref name="sn20191113">{{Cite news\|url=https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-introduces-robotic-manufacturing-system-to-increase-electron-production/\|title=Rocket Lab introduces robotic manufacturing system to increase Electron production\|work=[[SpaceNews]]\|last=Foust\|first=Jeff\|date=13 November 2019\|access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="Forbes-20191121"> {{Cite magazine\|magazine=Forbes}} </ref> Produksi mesin Rutherford menggunakan metode [[Percetakan 3D\|manufaktur aditif]] yang telah dilakukan secara ekstensif sejak penerbangan awal Electron. Metode ini memungkinkan kemampuan untuk meningkatkan skala produksi dengan cara yang relatif mudah dengan meningkatkan jumlah dan kemampuan printer 3D.<ref name="sn20191113">{{Cite news\|url=https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-introduces-robotic-manufacturing-system-to-increase-electron-production/\|title=Rocket Lab introduces robotic manufacturing system to increase Electron production\|work=[[SpaceNews]]\|last=Foust\|first=Jeff\|date=13 November 2019\|access-date=14 November 2019}}</~~ref~~> == Penggunaan == Electron dirancang untuk dapat meluncurkan muatan dengan massa {{Convert\|150\|to\|225\|kg\|round=5\|abbr=on}} menuju [[ Orbit sinkron matahari \|orbit sinkron Matahari]] setinggi {{Convert\|500\|km\|abbr=on}}, cocok untuk [[CubeSat]] dan [[Miniaturisasi satelit\|muatan kecil]] lainnya.<ref name="mahia_opens">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.space.com/34195-rocket-lab-opens-private-launch-site-new-zealand.html\|title=Rocket Lab Opens Private Orbital Launch Site in New Zealand\|work=Space.com\|last=Cofield\|first=Calla\|date=26 September 2016\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Pada Oktober 2018, Rocket Lab membuka pabrik yang cukup besar agar dapat memroduksi lebih dari 50 roket per tahun.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://everydayastronaut.com/inside-rocketlab/\|title=Exclusive inside look at Rocket Lab's secret new mega factory!\|last=Dodd\|first=Tim\|date=11 October 2018\|website=Everyday Astronaut\|access-date=12 October 2018}}{{Pranala mati\|date=Februari 2021 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Peluncuran muatan 150  kg menuju orbit 500  km dipatok dengan harga sekitar $ 6 juta per peluncuran.<ref name="science20171206">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/12/rocket-lab-poised-provide-dedicated-launcher-cubesat-science\|title=Rocket Lab poised to provide dedicated launcher for CubeSat science\|work=Science\|first=Adam\|last=Mann\|date=6 December 2017\|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="arstec20180412">{{Cite news\|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/04/for-rocket-lab-ready-to-begin-commercial-launches-life-is-good/\|title=Rocket Lab is about to win the small satellite launch space race\|work=Ars Technica\|first=Eric\|last=Berger\|date=12 April 2018\|access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> [[Moon Express]] menandatangani kontrak dengan Rocket Lab untuk meluncurkan beberapa pendarat bulan dengan menggunakan Electron untuk kompetisi [[Google Lunar X Prize]] (GLXP).<ref name="verge_launch">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/21/16915996/rocket-lab-electron-orbit-still-testing-small-satellites-success\|title=Spaceflight startup Rocket Lab sends its Electron rocket to orbit for the first time\|work=[[The Verge]]\|last=Grush\|first=Loren\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Kompetisi tersebut ditutup tanpa pemenang karena tidak ada pesaing yang memenuhi tenggat waktu yang ditentukan.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.space.com/39467-google-lunar-xprize-moon-race-ends.html\|title=Ex-Prize: Google's $30 Million Moon Race Ends with No Winner\|work=[[Space.com]]\|first=Mike\|last=Wall\|date=23 January 2018\|access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> Sejak Februari 2020, semua peluncuran Moon Express menggunakan Electron dibatalkan.<ref name="MoonEx-Feb2020"><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREFMoon_Express_[@MoonEx]2020">Moon Express [@MoonEx] (9 February 2020). [https://twitter.com/MoonEx/status/1226582161735553025 "There is no upcoming launch with RocketLab. We contracted with RocketLab back in 2015 for a GLXP attempt. We are currently focused on efforts supporting NASA under our Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) contract"] (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2020</span> ~~–~~– via [[Twitter]].</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Rocket Lab juga telah mengumumkan rencana untuk mengembangkan sistem penggunaan kembali pendorong Elektron. Pendorong rencananya akan turun kembali ke atmosfer Bumi dan mengembangkan parasutnya. Sebuah helikopter lalu menangkap pendorong tersebut di udara.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-announces-reusability-plans-for-electron-rocket/\|title=Rocket Lab Announces Reusability Plans For Electron Rocket\|date=6 August 2019\|publisher=Rocket Lab\|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> Upaya ini mulai terealisasi saat peluncuran kesepuluh, ketika pendorong Electron selamat saat melakukan [[proses penetrasi atmosfer]] terkontrol dan jatuh ke laut.<ref name="flight10booster">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.aerospacetestinginternational.com/news/space/rocket-lab-successfully-flight-tests-re-entry-of-rocket-booster.html\|title=Rocket Lab successfully flight tests re-entry of rocket booster\|last=Sampson\|first=Ben\|date=9 December 2019\|website=Aerospace Testing International\|access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> == Lokasi peluncuran == [[Berkas:Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1_(Sept_2016).jpg\|kiri\|jmpl\| Situs [[Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1\|peluncuran]] Mahia saat sedang dibangun pada tahun 2016 ]] Electron diluncurkan dari [[Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1]] di Semenanjung Mahia, [[Selandia Baru]].<ref name="ft_launch"~~>{{Cite news\|url=https:~~//www.ft.com/content/41572f8a-fe4d-11e7-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5\|title=Private group in 'world first' cheap rocket launch\|work=[[Financial Times]]\|last=Smyth\|first=Jamie\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Lokasi landasan peluncuran yang terletak di lokasi terpencil dimaksudkan untuk mendukun padatnya jadwal peluncuran. Roket dan landasan peluncuran keduanya didanai oleh pihak swasta, menjadikannya operasi [[Penerbangan ruang angkasa orbital\|peluncuran orbital]] pertama yang semua bagiannya dijalankan oleh [[Swasta\|sektor swasta]] ([[Penerbangan luar angkasa swasta\|perusahaan antariksa swasta]] lainnya menyewa fasilitas peluncuran dari lembaga pemerintah atau hanya meluncurkan [[Kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa\|roket suborbital]]).<ref name="mahia_opens"~~>{{Cite news\|url=https:~~//www.space.com/34195-rocket-lab-opens-private-launch-site-new-zealand.html\|title=Rocket Lab Opens Private Orbital Launch Site in New Zealand\|work=Space.com\|last=Cofield\|first=Calla\|date=26 September 2016\|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Pada Oktober 2018, Rocket Lab memilih Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) di [[Fasilitas Penerbangan Wallops\|Wallops Flight Facility]], [[Virginia]], sebagai tempat peluncuran sekunder di Amerika Serikat, yang selanjutnya disebut Rocket Lab Launch Complex 2. Peluncuran pertama dari Wallops direncanakan pada kuartal ketiga 2020.<ref name="sn-20181018">{{Cite news\|url=https://spacenews.com/breaking-rocket-lab-chooses-wallops-as-its-u-s-launch-site/\|title=Rocket Lab selects Wallops for U.S. launch site\|work=[[SpaceNews]]\|first=Jeff\|last=Foust\|date=17 October 2018\|access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-tests-electron-on-new-virginia-launch-pad/\|title=Rocket Lab tests Electron on new Virginia launch pad\|date=2020-04-30\|website=SpaceNews.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref> Launch Complex 2 nantinya akan melayani kontrak peluncuran dari pemerintah A.S.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/29/rocket-lab-flies-again-from-new-zealand-as-construction-advances-at-virginia-launch-pad/\|title=Rocket Lab flies again from New Zealand as work progresses at Virginia launch pad\|work=Spaceflight Now\|last=Clark\|first=Stephen\|date=29 June 2019\|access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref> Selain itu, Badan Antariksa Inggris memberi kesempatan pada Highlands and Islands Enterprise untuk mengembangkan landasan peluncuran Elektron di Semenanjung A 'Mhòine di Sutherland, [[Skotlandia]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44841123\|title=Scotland to host first UK spaceport\|work=BBC News\|last=Amos\|first=Jonathan\|access-date=16 July 2018\|date=16 July 2018}}</ref> Lokasi itu akan dinamai pelabuhan antariksa Sutherland.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.spacetv.net/sutherland-spaceport-scotland/\|title=Sutherland Spaceport Scotland\|website=SpaceTV.net\|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> == Riwayat peluncuran == Electron telah terbang 1213 kali sejak Mei 2017, 11 peluncuran berhasil dan 12 gagal. Penerbangan uji awal, disebut "It's a Test" gagal karena kesalahan pada peralatan komunikasi di darat. Meskipun demikian pada misi-misi selanjutnya, "Still Testing", "It's Business Time" dan "This One's For Pickering" berhasil mengirimkan beberapa muatan kecil ke [[orbit Bumi rendah]]. Pada Agustus 2019, sebuah misi bernama "Look Ma, No Hands" berhasil mengirim empat satelit ke orbit,<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.space.com/rocket-lab-electron-launches-four-satellites-eighth-flight.html\|title=Rocket Lab Electron Booster Launches 4 Satellites Into Orbit\|work=Space.com\|last=Howell\|first=Elizabeth\|access-date=22 August 2019\|date=19 August 2019}}</ref> dan pada Oktober 2019, misi yang bernama "As the Crow Flies" berhasil diluncurkan dari [[Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1\|LC-1]] di Mahia Peninsula, mengantar satelit kecil dan tahap ketiganya menuju orbit parkir setinggi 400  km.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/16/rocket-lab-successfully-launches-fifth-electron-rocket-this-year/\|title=Rocket Lab successfully launches fifth Electron rocket this year\|work=TechCrunch\|first=Darrell\|last=Etherington\|date=16 October 2019\|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> Pada 4 Juni 2020, misi peluncuran "Pics or It Didn't Happen" mengalami kegagalan yang menyebabkan roket beserta seluruh muatannya kembali masuk ke atmosfer dan hancur. Kegagalan terjadi sekitar lima menit dan 45 detik setelah peluncuran ketika siaran video terpotong dan telemetry yang diterima dari roket menunjukkan kondisi yang tidak biasa. Penyebab pasti kegagalan belum diketahui.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-electron-launch-fails/\|title=Rocket Lab Electron launch fails\|date=2020-07-04\|website=SpaceNews\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> === Peluncuran penting === Baris 90 ⟶ 89: * "Still Testing", peluncuran sukses pertama Electron <ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/01/21/rocket-lab-delivers-nanosatellites-to-orbit-on-first-successful-test-launch/\|title=Rocket Lab delivers nanosatellites to orbit on first successful test launch\|work=Spaceflight Now\|last=Clark\|first=Stephen\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=15 June 2019}}</ref> * ELaNa -19 "This One's For Pickering," peluncuran Eleectron pertama yang disponsori oleh NASA.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/12/17/nasa-rocket-lab-partner-on-successful-satellite-launch-from-new-zealand/\|title=NASA, Rocket Lab partner on successful satellite launch from New Zealand\|work=Spaceflight Now\|last=Clark\|first=Stephen\|date=17 December 2018\|access-date=15 June 2019}}</ref> * NROL-151 "Birds of a Feather", peluncuran Electron pertama yang disponsori oleh NRO.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.space.com/rocket-lab-launches-nrol-151-spysat.html\|title=Rocket Lab launches satellite for US spysat agency, guides booster back to Earth\|last=Wall 2020-01-31T03:28:03Z\|first=Mike\|website=Space.com\|language=en\|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref> == Lihat pula == * [[Falcon 1]] * [[ ~~Firefly Alpha \|~~Firefly Alpha]] * [[ ~~Miura 5 \|~~Miura 5]] * [[ ~~Vektor-R \|~~Vektor-R]] == Referensi == {{Reflist\|30em\|}} {{Reflist\|30em\|refs=<ref name="rocketlabs-electron201607">{{cite web \|url=http://www.rocketlabusa.com/ \|title=Electron \|publisher=[[Rocket Lab]] \|date=March 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717122422/http://www.rocketlabusa.com/ \|archive-date=17 July 2016 \|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> <ref name="spacelaunchreport-electron">{{cite web \|url=http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/electron.html \|title=Rocket Lab Electron Data Sheet \|publisher=Space Launch Report \|date=November 2018 \|access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref> <ref name="bbc20170525">{{Cite news \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39971843 \|title=New Zealand space launch is first from a private site \|work=BBC News \|date=25 May 2017 \|access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Flight1result">{{Cite news \|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/new-zealand-test-rocket-makes-it-to-space-but-not-into-orbit-35753899.html \|title=New Zealand test rocket makes it to space but not into orbit \|work=Independent.ie \|agency=Associated Press \|date=25 May 2017 \|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> <ref name="b14643-electronnlvdescription">{{cite web \|url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Electron-NLV/Description/Text.htm \|title=Electron NLV \|first=Norbert \|last=Brügge \|publisher=B14643.de \|accessdate=20 September 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927021902/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Electron-NLV/Description/Text.htm \|archive-date=27 September 2016 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="b14643-electronnlvpropulsion">{{cite web \|url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Electron-NLV/Propulsion/engines.htm \|title=Electron Propulsion \|first=Norbert \|last=Brügge \|publisher=B14643.de \|accessdate=20 September 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927030743/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Electron-NLV/Propulsion/engines.htm \|archive-date=27 September 2016 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="rocketlabs-propulsion20160919">{{cite web \|url=https://rocketlabusa.com/about-us/propulsion/ \|title=Propulsion \|publisher=[[Rocket Lab]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919222251/https://rocketlabusa.com/about-us/propulsion/ \|archive-date=19 September 2016 \|access-date=19 September 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Flight1analysis">{{cite web \|url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/latest/rocket-lab-completes-post-flight-analysis/ \|title=Rocket Lab Completes Post-Flight Analysis \|publisher=Rocket Lab \|date=7 August 2017 \|accessdate=7 August 2017}}</ref> <ref name="spacenews20170807">{{cite news \|url=http://spacenews.com/telemetry-glitch-kept-first-electron-rocket-from-reaching-orbit/ \|title=Telemetry glitch kept first Electron rocket from reaching orbit \|work=SpaceNews \|first=Jeff \|last=Foust \|date=7 August 2017 \|accessdate=9 August 2017}}</ref>}} == Pranala luar == {{commons category\|Electron (rocket)}} * [https://www.rocketlabusa.com/electron/ Situs web Electron] di RocketLabUSA.com * [https://www.rocketlabusa.com/assets/Uploads/Rocket-Lab-Payload-Users-Guide-6.4.pdf Panduan Pengguna Muatan Electron]{{Pranala mati\|date=Maret 2021 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }} di RocketLabUSA.com * {{YouTube\|0nfiXdBS2Do\|Computer simulation of an Electron launch}} {{Sistem peluncur orbital}} [[Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan sintaks gambar usang]] [[Kategori:Kendaraan peluncur ~~luar angkasa~~antariksa]]