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[[Berkas:Xmas-LHJ-Dec-1922-Coles Phillips.jpg|jmpl|ka|Sebuah iklan ''[[Ladies' Home Journal]]'' 1922 yang menggunakan kata "Xmas".]]
'''Xmas''' adalah sebuah [[singkatan]] umum dari kata ''Christmas'' ([[Natal]]) . Kata ini terkadang dibaca {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|k|s|m|ə|s}} dan memiliki varian seperti ''Xtemass'', yang berasal dari singkatan yang ditulis tangan untuk pengucapan {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|ɪ|s|m|ə|s}}. "-mas" berasal dari kata [[bahasa Inggris Lama]] yang berasal dari [[bahasa Latin]] untuk ''[[Misa (liturgi)|Misa]]'',<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09790b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Liturgy of the Mass]. Diakses pada 20 Desember 2007.</ref> sementara "X" berasal dari huruf [[alfabet Yunani|Yunani]] ''[[Chi (huruf)|Chi]]'', yang merupakan huruf pertama dari kata Yunani ''Χριστός'' yang artinya "[[Kristus]]".<ref name=oed-x>{{cite encyclopedia |title= X n. 10. |encyclopedia= [[Kamus Bahasa Inggris Oxford]] |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |url=http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.spl.org:2048/view/Entry/230945#eid14045485 |year= 2011|accessdate= 17 June 2011}}</ref>
Terdapat [[kesalahpahaman yang digunakan pada bahasa Inggris yang umum|kesalahpahaman umum]] yang menyatakan bahwa kata ''Xmas'' berasal dari upaya kaum sekuler untuk menghilangkan tradisi keagamaan dari Natal<ref>{{cite book|title= Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language|url= https://archive.org/details/originsofspeciou00ocon|last1= O'Conner|first1= Patricia T.|last2= Kellerman|first2= Stewart|year= 2009|publisher= Random House|location= New York|isbn= 978-1-4000-6660-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/originsofspeciou00ocon/page/77 77]}}</ref> dengan membuang kata "Christ" dari "Christmas", tetapi penggunaannya sudah ada sejak abad ke-16.
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== Penggunaan dalam bahasa Inggris ==
Baris 16:
* {{cite book|last= Bately|first= Janet M.|title= The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition. Vol. 3: MS. A.|year= 1986|location=Cambridge|publisher=D.S. Brewer|isbn=0-85991-103-9}}
* {{cite book|last= Bosworth|first= Joseph|title= The Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar|year= 1823|location=London|publisher=Harding, Mavor and Lepard|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=CRMAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Joseph+Bosworth%22&hl=en&ei=_o8hTpjuFofv0gHPnozZAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
* {{cite book|last= Campbell|first= James|author2=John, Eric|author3=[[Patrick Wormald|Wormald, Patrick]]|title= The Anglo-Saxons|url= https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonspengu00unse|year= 1991|location=New York|publisher= Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-014395-5}}
* {{cite book|last= Campbell|first= James|title= The Anglo-Saxon State|url= https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonstate0000camp|year= 2000|publisher= Hambledon and London|isbn=1-85285-176-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Crystal|first=David|title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo00crys|year=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-59655-6}}
* {{cite book|last= Ekwall|first= Eilert|title= The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names|year= 1947|location=Oxford|publisher= Clarendon Press|oclc=3821873}}
* {{cite book|last=Gneuss|first=Helmut|authorlink=Helmut Gneuss|title=Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100|series=Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies|volume=241|year=2001|publisher=Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies|location=Tempe|isbn=978-0-86698-283-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Greenfield|first=Stanley Brian|title=A New Critical History of Old English Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/newcriticalhisto00gree|year=1986|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-8147-3088-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newcriticalhisto00gree/page/60 60]}}
* {{cite journal|last=Harrison|first=Julian|year=2007|title=William Camden and the F-Text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle|journal=[[Notes and Queries]]|volume=54|issue=3|pages=222–24|url=http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/3/222.extract|doi=10.1093/notesj/gjm124}}
* {{cite journal|last=Howorth|first=Henry H.|year=1908|title=The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Its Origin and History|journal=[[The Archaeological Journal]]|volume=65|pages=141–204|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=k6A8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA141}}
* {{cite book|last= Hunter Blair|first= Peter|authorlink=Peter Hunter Blair|title= An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England|year= 1960|location=Cambridge|edition= 3rd|publisher= Cambridge University Press}} (2003 edition: ISBN 0-521-83085-0)
* {{cite book|last= Hunter Blair|first= Peter|title= Roman Britain and Early England: 55 B.C. – A.D. 871|url= https://archive.org/details/romanbritainearl0000hunt|year= 1966|location=New York|publisher= Norton|isbn=0-393-00361-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Ker|first=Neil Ripley|authorlink=Neil Ripley Ker|title=Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon|year=1957|publisher=At the Clarendon|location=Oxford}}
* {{cite book|last= Keynes|first= Simon|author2=Michael Lapidge|title= Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources|url= https://archive.org/details/alfredgreatasser0000asse|year= 2004|location=New York|publisher= Penguin Classics|isbn=0-14-044409-2 }}
* {{cite book|last=Lapidge|first=Michael|title=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England|year=1999|location=Oxford|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|isbn=0-631-22492-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Plummer|first=Charles|authorlink=Charles Plummer|title=Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel|year=1885}}
* {{cite book|last= Savage|first= Anne|title= The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles|url= https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonchroni0000unse_j8g8|year= 1997|location=Gadalming|publisher= CLB|isbn=1-85833-478-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Albert Hugh|title=The Parker Chronicle (832–900)|series=Methuen's Old English Library, Prose Selections|volume=1|year=1935|publisher=Methuen|location=London}}
* {{cite book|last= Swanton|first= Michael|title= The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle|url= https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonchroni0000unse_c2u1|year= 1996|location=New York|publisher= Routledge|isbn=0-415-92129-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Thorpe|first=Benjamin|authorlink=Benjamin Thorpe|title=The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle|series=[[Rolls Series]]|volume=23|year=1861|publisher=[[Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts|Longman]]|location=London}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitelock|first=Dorothy|title=English Historical Documents v. 1 c. 500–1042|year=1968|location=London|publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode}}
* Wormald, Patrick (1991). "The Ninth Century." In Campbell ''et al.'', ''The Anglo-Saxons'', 132–159.
* {{cite book|last= Yorke|first=Barbara|title= Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England|url= https://archive.org/details/kingskingdomsofe0000york_b9s8|year= 1990|location=London|publisher= Seaby|isbn=1-85264-027-8}}
{{Refend}}
Baris 42:
{{wikisource|Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/657 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle] at [[Project Gutenberg]] – [[Domain publik|Public domain]] copy.
* [http://www.bartleby.com/211/0701.html ''The Chronicle''] from ''[[The Cambridge History of English and American Literature]]'', Volume I, 1907–21.
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}
* [http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/ XML Edition of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101113823/http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/ |date=2011-01-01 }} by Tony Jebson.
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[[Kategori:Natal]]
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