Persatuan sipil: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Hatnote|Lihat juga: [[Kemitraan domestik]], yang mana pengakuan hukum akan suatu hubungan tanpa hak dan manfaat yang lebih luas daripada persatuan sipil.}}
{{Serikat sesama jenis}}
{{Hukum keluarga}}
Sebuah '''persatuan sipil''' atau '''serikat sipil''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: ''civil union''), yang disebut juga dengan berbagai macam istilah lainnya, adalah sebuah hubungan yang diakui secara hukum yang serupa dengan [[perkawinan]]. Persatuan semacam ini telah dibentuk di beberapa negara sejak akhir 1990-an, yang sering kali berasal dari aturan [[kemitraan domestik]] yang kurang resmi
Berawal dari [[Perkawinan sejenis di Denmark|Denmark]] pada 1989, dengan nama ini atau nama lainnya, persatuan sipil telah dibentuk secara hukum, terutama negara [[Negara maju|maju]], yang bertujuan memberikan pengakuan sah atas hubungan yang dibentuk dari pasangan
== Ikhtisar dan terminologi ==
Istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan persatuan sipil tidaklah baku, dan bermacam-macam dari satu negara dengan negara lain. Hubungan yang diakui negara yang serupa atau setara dengan persatuan sipil antara lain [[Kemitraan sipil di Britania Raya|kemitraan sipil]], [[Kemitraan terdaftar di Republik Ceko|kemitraan terdaftar]], [[kemitraan domestik]], [[Kemitraan domestik di Tasmania|hubungan signifikan]], [[Hubungan bermanfaat timbal balik di Hawaii|hubungan bermanfaat timbal balik]], [[perkawinan hukum umum]], [[Adult interdependent relationship in Alberta|hubungan dewasa interdependent relationships]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Germany|pasangan hidup]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Andorra|persatuan tetap]], [[civil solidarity pact|pakta solidaritas sipil]], dan sebagainya. Tingkatan hak, manfaat, kewajiban, dan tanggung jawab juga berbeda-beda, tergantung pada hukum negara tersebut. Beberapa yurisdiksi mengizinkan pasangan sejenis untuk adopsi, sedangkan beberapa yang lain melarang, ataupun adopsi hanya dapat dilakukan dalam keadaan tertentu.
Seperti yang digunakan di [[Amerika Serikat]], dimulai dari negara bagian [[Perkawinan sejenis di Vermont|Vermont]] pada 2000, istilah persatuan sipil (''civil union'') memiliki status yang setara dengan perkawinan bagi pasangan
Persatuan sipil tidak dianggap sebagai pengganti bagi perkawinan
Persatuan sipil umumnya sering dikecam sebagai '[[terpisah tetapi setara]]', pengecam mengatakan bahwa persatuan ini mensegregasi pasangan dengan memaksa mereka menggunakan institusi yang terpisah.
Negara, wilayah, dan kota yang telah mengakui persatuan sipil
▲== Daftar yurisdiksi yang mengakui persatuan sejenis ==
▲Negara, wilayah, dan kota yang telah mengakui persatuan sipil bagi pasangan sejenis dan/atau pasangan berbeda jenis. Tanggal dalam kurung menunjukkan aturan tersebut mulai berlaku; jika dalam seluruh negara - dalam kurung dengan nama tersebut; jika tidak - tanggal berlaku dalam wilayah tertentu, terutama jika disahkan sebelum hukum negara.
=== Afrika ===
Baris 32 ⟶ 25:
* {{Flagcountry|Afrika Selatan}} (2006)<ref>[http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=67843 Civil Union Act, 2006] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509230634/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=67843 |date=May 9, 2012 }}</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|France}} <ref name="France">{{cite web|url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006136536&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721|title=Code civil - Legifrance|publisher=}}</ref>
** {{Flagcountry|Mayotte}} (1999)<ref name="entreprise">{{cite web|url=http://www.entreprise-reunion.re/pid11185/le-pacs.html|title=Reprise d'entreprise Ile de La Réunion - se préparer aux enjeux de la reprise d'entreprise > Le Pacs|first=Entreprendre|last=Réunion|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203053913/http://www.entreprise-reunion.re/pid11185/le-pacs.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
** {{Flagcountry|Reunion}} (1999)<ref name="entreprise"/>
* {{Flagcountry|Spain}}
Baris 44 ⟶ 36:
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* {{Flagcountry|Argentina}}: (2015)<ref>[http://www.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/235000-239999/235975/norma.htm Ley 26.994 CODIGO CIVIL Y COMERCIAL DE LA NACION]</ref>
**
** {{Flagcountry|Buenos Aires}} (2003)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/argentina/note.jsp?idContent=1031&Key=ARGENTINA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928135630/http://www.buenosairesherald.com/argentina/note.jsp?idContent=1031&Key=ARGENTINA|dead-url=yes|archive-date=28 September 2007|title=Buenos Aires Herald|date=28 September 2007|publisher=}}</ref>
** Kota [[Berkas:Bandera de la Provincia de Córdoba.svg|
** Kota [[Berkas:Bandera de la Ciudad de Río Cuarto.svg|
* {{Flagcountry|Brazil}} (2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jurist.org/paperchase/2011/05/brazil-supreme-court-recognizes-same-sex-civil-unions.php|title=JURIST - Brazil supreme court recognizes same-sex civil unions|publisher=}}</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|Canada}}:
Baris 93 ⟶ 85:
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* {{Flagcountry|Japan}}
** [[Berkas:Flag of Shibuya, Tokyo.svg|22px]] [[Shibuya]] (2015)<ref name="gaystarnews.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/insurer-among-first-businesses-to-recognize-same-sex-partnerships-in-japan/|title=Insurer among first businesses to recognize same-sex partnerships in Japan|date=5 November 2015|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2018-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709185351/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/insurer-among-first-businesses-to-recognize-same-sex-partnerships-in-japan/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
** [[Berkas:Flag of Setagaya, Tokyo.svg|22px]] [[Setagaya]] (2015)<ref name="gaystarnews.com"/>
** [[Berkas:Flag of Iga, Mie.svg|22px]] [[Iga, Mie|Iga]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/12/26/national/social-issues/mie-prefecture-city-iga-recognize-sex-partnerships-april/|title=City of Iga to recognize same-sex partnerships from April|date=26 December 2015|publisher=|via=Japan Times Online}}</ref>
** [[Berkas:Flag of Takarazuka, Hyogo.svg|22px]] [[Takarazuka, Hyogo|Takarazuka]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/takarazuka-first-city-in-japans-kansai-region-to-certify-gay-couples/|title=Takarazuka first city in Japan's Kansai region to certify gay couples|date=1 December 2015|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2019-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730052952/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/takarazuka-first-city-in-japans-kansai-region-to-certify-gay-couples/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
** [[Berkas:Flag of Naha, Okinawa.svg|22px]] [[Naha]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2016/02/22/naha-lgbt-couple_n_9294782.html|title=那覇市、同性パートナーシップ制度を開始へ【LGBT】|publisher=}}</ref>
** [[Berkas:Flag of Sapporo, Hokkaido.svg|22px]] [[Sapporo]] (2017)<ref>http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/06/01/national/sapporo-first-major-city-japan-issue-certificates-recognizing-sex-couples/</ref>
** [[Berkas:Flag of Fukuoka,
* {{Country|Taiwan}}
** [[Special municipality (Taiwan)|Special municipalities]] (6/6)
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Kaohsiung City.svg|22px]] [[Kaohsiung]] (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shanghaiist.com/2015/05/21/kaohsiung-allows-same-sex-couples-register-partnership.php|title=Kaohsiung allows same-sex couples to register partnership|first=|last=Shanghaiist|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2015-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523214514/http://shanghaiist.com/2015/05/21/kaohsiung-allows-same-sex-couples-register-partnership.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Taipei City.svg|22px]] [[Taipei]] (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/taipei-opens-registration-gay-couples180615/|title=Taipei opens registration for gay couples|date=18 June 2015|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118083446/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/taipei-opens-registration-gay-couples180615/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Taichung City.svg|22px]] [[Taichung]] (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/taiwanese-city-becomes-first-to-record-gay-relationships-as-next-of-kin-in-hospitals/|title=Taiwanese city becomes first to record gay relationships as next-of-kin in hospitals|date=13 October 2015|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024322/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/taiwanese-city-becomes-first-to-record-gay-relationships-as-next-of-kin-in-hospitals/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Tainan City.svg|22px]] [[Tainan]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/tainan-to-register-gay-couples/#gs.lHYtSBw|title=Tainan to register gay couples|date=28 January 2016|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2016-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128181758/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/tainan-to-register-gay-couples/#gs.lHYtSBw|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of New Taipei City.svg|22px]] [[New Taipei]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/new-taipei-city-to-start-registering-gay-couples-next-week/|title=New Taipei City to start registering gay couples next week|date=29 January 2016|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2016-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130085625/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/new-taipei-city-to-start-registering-gay-couples-next-week/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Taoyuan City.svg|22px]] [[Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://international.thenewslens.com/post/294157/|title=All Taiwan Municipalities To Recognize Same-Sex Relationships - The News Lens International Edition|first=TNL|last=編輯|date=7 March 2016|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2016-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328224947/http://international.thenewslens.com/post/294157/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
** [[Provincial city (Taiwan)|Provincial cities]] (3/3)
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Chiayi City.svg|22px]] [[Chiayi]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/chiayi-to-register-gay-couples/|title=Chiayi to register gay couples|date=25 February 2016|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2016-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226124056/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/chiayi-to-register-gay-couples/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Hsinchu City.svg|22px]] [[Hsinchu]] (2017)<ref name="taipeitimes.com">http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/06/08/2003672142</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Keelung City.svg|22px]] [[Keelung]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201707020014.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2018-07-09 |archive-date=2019-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403162351/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201707020014.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
** [[County (Taiwan)|Counties]] (9/13)
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Changhua County.svg|22px]] [[Changhua County]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.yibada.com/articles/113256/20160401/taiwanese-same-sex-pairs-move-1-step-closer-to-marriage-legalization-as-8th-region-allows-registration-of-gay-couples.htm|title=Taiwanese Same-Sex Pairs Move 1 Step Closer to Marriage Legalization as 8th Region Allows Registration of Gay Couples|first=Vittorio|last=Hernandez|date=1 April 2016|publisher=}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Hsinchu County.svg|22px]] [[Hsinchu County]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://queer.watch/2016/04/08/10031|title=酷新聞 - 伴侶註記再下一城 105年4月1日起新竹縣開始受理|date=8 April 2016|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2016-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415222232/http://queer.watch/2016/04/08/10031|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Yilan County.svg|22px]] [[Yilan County, Taiwan|Yilan County]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1701581|title=520蔡英文上台後宜蘭第一個改變 開放同性伴侶註記 - 生活 - 自由時報電子報|publisher=}}</ref>
*** [[Berkas:Flag of Chiayi County.svg|22px]] [[Chiayi County]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://times.hinet.net/news/19460411|title=HiNet|publisher=}}</ref>
Baris 142 ⟶ 134:
** {{Flagcountry|Cantabria}} (2005)<ref>{{es}} [http://www.lexureditorial.com/boe/0506/09402.htm Ley de la C.A. de Cantabria 1/2005, de 16 de mayo, de parejas de hecho de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118154119/http://www.lexureditorial.com/boe/0506/09402.htm |date=November 18, 2012 }}</ref>
** {{Flagcountry|Galicia}} (2008)<ref>{{es}} [http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/CCAA/ga-l10-2007.html Ley 10/2007, de 28 de junio, de reforma de la disposición adicional tercera de la Ley 2/2006, de 14 de junio, de derecho civil de Galicia]</ref><ref>{{es}} [http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/CCAA/ga-d248-2007.t2.html Decreto 248/2007, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se crea y se regula el Registro de Parejas de Hecho de Galicia]</ref>
** {{Flagcountry|La Rioja (Spain)}} (2010)<ref>{{es}} [https://ias1.larioja.org//cex/sistemas/GenericoServlet?servlet=cex.sistemas.dyn.portal.ImgServletSis&code=oumCvWIgBUF6lChv9ZDgP%2FhXhSM%2FFmcHwwLX%2BLzxTQvApHyqPVxRsoD%2BHW0E2YV6LEXZYSr1AOE3%0Av4SD1MBlIvF%2B7SEF91Aj&&& Decreto 30/2010, de 14 de mayo, por el que se crea el Registro de Parejas de Hecho de La Rioja] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305144531/https://ias1.larioja.org//cex/sistemas/GenericoServlet?servlet=cex.sistemas.dyn.portal.ImgServletSis&code=oumCvWIgBUF6lChv9ZDgP/hXhSM/FmcHwwLX+LzxTQvApHyqPVxRsoD+HW0E2YV6LEXZYSr1AOE3 |date=2019-03-05 }}</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|France}} (1999)<ref name="France"/>
* {{Flagcountry|Belgium}} (2000)<ref>[https://archive.
* {{Flagcountry|Germany}} (2001)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/lpartg/BJNR026610001.html|title=LPartG - Gesetz über die Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft|publisher=}}</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|Luxembourg}} (2004)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guichet.public.lu/citoyens/fr/famille/vie-maritale/partenariat-pacs/declaration-partenariat/|title=Déclarer un partenariat (PACS) - Citoyens // Luxembourg|publisher=}}</ref>
Baris 151 ⟶ 143:
** {{Flagcountry|Isle of Man}} (2011)<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.im/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2011/2011-0002/CivilPartnershipAct2011_1.pdf CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT 2011]</ref>
** {{Flagcountry|Jersey}} (2012)<ref>[http://www.jerseylaw.je/Law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce\htm\LawFiles12%2fL-04-2012.htm Civil Partnership (Jersey) Law 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190642/http://www.jerseylaw.je/Law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce%5Chtm%5CLawFiles%5C2012%2FL-04-2012.htm |date=2015-09-06 }}</ref>
** {{Flagcountry|Gibraltar}} (2014)<ref>
** {{Flagcountry|Falkland Islands}} (2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=Marriage Ordinance 1996 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.fk/view/html/inforce/2018-06-04/fiord-1996-10#pt.iva |website=Falkland Islands Legislation |accessdate=4 June 2018}}</ref>
** {{Flagcountry|Bermuda}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Domestic Partnership Act 2018|url=http://www.bermudalaws.bm/laws/Annual%20Laws/2018/Acts/Domestic%20Partnership%20Act%202018.pdf|website=bermudalaws.bm|accessdate=1 March 2018}}</ref>
Baris 165 ⟶ 157:
* {{Flagcountry|Liechtenstein}} (2011)<ref>[http://www.llv.li/llv-apa-aufenthaltsbewilligung-lebenspartner-2 Aufenthaltsbewilligung für Lebenspartner] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113165205/http://www.llv.li/llv-apa-aufenthaltsbewilligung-lebenspartner-2 |date=November 13, 2013 }}</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|Malta}} (2014)<ref>[http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lp&itemid=26024&l=1 AN ACT to regulate civil unions and to provide for matters connected therewith or ancillary thereto]</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|Croatia}} (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/usvojen-zakon-o-zivotnom-partnerstvu--prva-istospolna-vjencanja-sredinom-kolovoza-/1206537/|title=POVIJESNA ODLUKA U SABORU Istospolni će parovi od rujna imatiista prava kao i bračni partneri|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220721/http://www.jutarnji.hr/usvojen-zakon-o-zivotnom-partnerstvu--prva-istospolna-vjencanja-sredinom-kolovoza-/1206537/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|Andorra}} (2014) (''unions civils'')
* {{Flagcountry|Cyprus}} (2015)
* {{Flagcountry|Greece}} (2015),<ref>[http://www.dsanet.gr/Epikairothta/Nomothesia/n3719_08.htm ΝΟΜΟΣ 3719/2008 - Μεταρρυθμίσεις για την οικογένεια, το παιδί, την κοινωνία και άλλες διατάξεις] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013032607/http://www.dsanet.gr/Epikairothta/Nomothesia/n3719_08.htm |date=October 13, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/greece-to-legally-recognize-same-sex-couples-for-the-first-time/#gs.ZIoAi3s|title=Greece to legally recognize same-sex couples for the first time|date=23 December 2015|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2015-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223140505/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/greece-to-legally-recognize-same-sex-couples-for-the-first-time/#gs.ZIoAi3s|dead-url=yes}}</ref> opposite-sex since 2008
* {{Flagcountry|Estonia}} (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.err.ee/v/main_news/f238f529-5b94-4f66-b7be-ad5d21566cc5 |title=Parliament Passes Cohabitation Act; President Proclaims It |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130003705/http://news.err.ee/v/main_news/f238f529-5b94-4f66-b7be-ad5d21566cc5 |archivedate=2015-11-30 |df= }}</ref>
* {{Flagcountry|Italy}} (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36269605|title=Italian MPs back same-sex unions in vote for Renzi|first=B. B. C.|last=News|publisher=}}</ref>
Baris 193 ⟶ 185:
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commonscat|LGBT}}
[[Kategori:Hak LGBT]]
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