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{{current}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict = Perang saudara Suriah
| conflict = Perang Saudara Suriah
|image = [[Berkas:Syrian Civil War map.svg|tepi|upright=1.35|nirbing]]
| partof = [[Musim Semi Arab]], [[Musim Dingin Arab]], dan konflik kawasan seperti [[Perang melawan ISIS]], [[konflik Kurdi-Turki]], [[Iran-Israel]], serta proxy war antara [[Iran]] dan [[Arab Saudi]].
|caption = '''Situasi militer saat ini:''' <span style= "background-color: #ebc0b5; color: DarkRed">''Merah''</span>: [[Suriah|Pemerintah Suriah]], <span style ="background-color:#e2d974; color: SaddleBrown;">''Kuning''</span>: [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah]] ([[Rojava]]), <span style= "background-color: #b4b2ae; color: Black;">''Abu-abu''</span>: [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]], <span style= "background-color: #fff7fd; color: black; border:solid 1px DarkGray;">''Putih''</span>: [[Jabhat Al-Nusra]], <span style="background-color:#cae7c4; color: DarkGreen">''Hijau''</span>: [[Oposisi Suriah]]<br><small>(untuk peta yang lebih rinci, lihat [[Kota selama Perang Saudara Suriah]]).</small>
| image = Syrian Civil War map (ISW-CTP).svg
|partof = [[Kebangkitan dunia Arab]], [[Arab Spring|musim semi Arab]], luapan [[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)|Perang Saudara Irak]], [[Konflik proksi Iran–Arab Saudi]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerges|first1=Fawaz|authorlink1=Fawaz Gerges|title=Saudi Arabia and Iran must end their proxy war in Syria|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/15/saudia-arabia-iran-proxy-war-syria|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 Desember 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogin|first1=Josh|title=Iran and Saudi Arabia Clash Inside Syria Talks|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-11-04/iran-and-saudi-arabia-clash-inside-syria-talks|work=[[Bloomberg View]]|date=4 November 2015|quote=...Iran and Saudi Arabia to discuss anything civilly, much less come to an agreement on Syria, where both sides have proxy forces in the fight.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Loewenstein|first1=Jennifer|authorlink1=Jennifer Loewenstein|title=Heading Toward a Collision: Syria, Saudi Arabia and Regional Proxy Wars|url=http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/10/02/heading-toward-a-collision-syria-saudi-arabia-and-regional-proxy-wars/|work=[[CounterPunch]]|quote=Saudi Arabian and Iranian-backed factions are contributing to the proxy war in Syria...}}</ref>, dan [[Perang Dingin II]]<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/world/middleeast/syria-russia-airstrikes.html?_r=1</ref>
| caption = Situasi militer per Desember 2024
|date = {{Start date|df=yes|2011|03|15}} – sekarang<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=03|day1=15|year1 = 2011}})
| date = 15 Maret 2011 – sekarang (13 tahun, 8 bulan, 3 minggu, dan 4 hari)
|place = [[Suriah]] <small>(dengan [[luapan Perang Saudara Suriah|luapan]] di negara tetangga)</small>
| place = [[Suriah]] (dengan dampak limpahan ke negara-negara tetangga)
|status = [[Daftar konflik bersenjata yang sedang berlangsung|Berlangsung]]
| casus = Bagian dari Musim Semi Arab dan konflik geopolitik di kawasan Timur Tengah
|territory = Per 31 oktober 2018: pemerintah menguasai 62.24%% Suriah<ref name="turn">{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/world/middleeast/syria-russia-aleppo-assad.html|title=Syrian War Could Turn on the Battle for Aleppo|accessdate=12 February 2016}}</ref>;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-09-14/syria-at-peace-to-imagine-it-think-of-bosnia-|title=To Imagine Syria at Peace, Think of Bosnia|author=Marc Champion|date=14 September 2015|work=BloombergView.com}}</ref> ISIL menguasai 0.73%% teritori Suriah;<ref name="turn"/><ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/3/24/syrian-regime-hours-away-from-capturing-is-held-palmyra Syrian regime forces 'enter IS-held Palmyra']</ref> 9.7%% dikuasai oleh kelompok pemberontak (termasuk Jabhat al-Nusra);<ref name="turn"/> 27.34%% dikuasai oleh Kurdi<ref name="turn"/><ref>[https://www.rt.com/news/335407-mistura-syrian-kurds-crisis/ Kurds should have a say on Syria’s future at Geneva talks – UN envoy]</ref>
| territory = Pemerintah sementara Suriah menguasai sebagian besar wilayah Suriah.
|combatants_header = [[Daftar kelompok bersenjata dalam Perang Saudara Suriah|Pihak utama yang berperang]]
| result = * Kemenangan [[Oposisi Suriah]] dan [[Kejatuhan dinasti Assad]]
|combatant1 =
* Bashar al-Assad Mengundurkan Diri dan mendapatkan suaka politik di [[Rusia]]
<div style=vertical-align: sup;>{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Syria|size=23px}} '''[[Suriah|Pemerintah Suriah]]'''}} <small>{{Center|([[Front Progresif Nasional (Suriah)|NPF]])}}</small>
* Pemerintah Baru menguasai sebagian besar wilayah Suriah dan mendirikan Pemerintahan Baru Yang Demokratis
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Suriah]]
* Kehadiran [[Rusia]] berlanjut di Tartus dan Jablah namun menyatakan mundur dari [[Suriah]]
* [[Angkatan Pertahanan Nasional (Suriah)|Angkatan Pertahanan Nasional]]
* [[Israel]] menginvasi zona penyangga di [[Dataran Tinggi Golan]] yang dikombinasikan dengan serangan udara di [[Aleppo]] dan kota-kota lainnya
* [[Brigade Ba'ath]]
* Perang melawan [[Israel]] terus berlangsung
Kelompok sekutu
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Suriah|1963}} [[Suriah Ba'athis]] {{surrendered}}
* [[Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas|Brigade Al-Abbas]]
* {{flagicon|Rusia}} [[Rusia]]
* [[Garda Nasionalis Arab]]
* {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]]
* [[Jaysh al-Muwahhideen|Angkatan Darat Monoteis]]
* {{flagicon|Irak}} [[Irak]]
* [[Liwa Fatemiyoun|Brigade Fatemiyoun]]
* {{flagicon|Palestina}} [[Palestina]]
* [[PFLP-GC]]
** {{flagicon|Suriah|1963}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Suriah]] {{surrendered}}
* [[Sootoro]]
** {{flagicon|Rusia}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia]]
* [[SSNP]]
** {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Korps Garda Revolusi Iran]]
* [[Perlawanan Suriah]]
** {{flagicon|Irak}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Irak]]
{{flag|Rusia|size=23px}}<br>{{flag|Iran|size=23px}}<br>[[Berkas:InfoboxHez.PNG|23px|tepi]] [[Hezbollah]]<br/>
** {{flagicon|Hamas}} [[Hamas]]
{{collapsible list
** {{flagicon|Palestina}} [[As-Sa'iqa]]
|title = <small>Mendukung:</small>
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Oposisi Suriah|1958}} [[Oposisi Suriah]]
|{{flag|Korea Utara|size=23px}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/content/north-korean-army-units-rumored-be-fighting-syrian-regime|first=Mohamed Sheikh|last=Yusuf|title=N. Korean army units fighting for Syria regime: al-Zubi|work=Anadolu Agency|date=27 March 2016|accessdate=28 March 2016}}<br/>{{cite web|title=Report: Iran, North Korea Helping Syria Resume Building Missiles|url= http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/report-says-syria-resuming-missile-work-help-north-korea-iran/|accessdate = 18 November 2014}}<br/>{{cite web|last = Ryall|first = Julian|url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10102561/Syria-North-Korean-military-advising-Assad-regime.html|title=Syria: North Korean military 'advising Assad regime'|work = The Telegraph|date=6 June 2013|accessdate=2 August 2013}}<br/>{{cite news|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9371607/North-Korea-violating-sanctions-according-to-UN-report.html|title= North Korea violating sanctions, according to UN report|date=3 July 2012|work= The Telegraph|accessdate = 6 October 2012}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Turki}} [[Turki]]
|{{flag|Tiongkok|size=23px}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/chinese-admiral-visits-syria-show-support-41476745|first=Christopher|last=Bodeen|title=Chinese Admiral Visits Syria in Show of Support|work=[[Associated Press]]|date=2016-08-08|accessdate=2016-12-10|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819134922/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/chinese-admiral-visits-syria-show-support-41476745|archivedate=2016-08-19}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Oposisi Suriah}} [[Republik Suriah Sementara]]
|{{flag|Kuba|size=23px}} <small>(dugaan)</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/10/16/cuba-is-intervening-in-syria-to-help-russia-it-s-not-the-first-time-havana-s-assisted-moscow.html|first=James|last=Bloodworth|title=Cuba Is Intervening in Syria to Help Russia. It's Not the First Time Havana's Assisted Moscow|publisher=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=16 Oktober 2015|accessdate=13 Juni 2016}}<br/>{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/257162-key-goper-pushes-obama-on-cuban-involvement-in-syria|title=Senator to Obama: Why is Cuba helping Russia in Syria?|first=Jordain|last=Carney|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=13 June 2016|publisher=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}<br/>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/14/cuban-military-forces-deployed-to-syria-to-operate-russian-tanks-say-sources.html|title=Top Cuban general, key forces in Syria to aid Assad, Russia, sources say|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=14 October 2015|accessdate=13 June 2016|author=Christina Corbin and Doug McKelway}}<br/>{{cite web|url=http://www.redstate.com/streiff/2015/10/14/confirmed-cuban-forces-arriving-syria/|title=Confirmed: Cuban forces arriving in Syria|publisher=[[RedState]]|date=14 October 2015|accessdate=13 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-cuba-idUSKCN0SC00D20151018|title=Cuba denies it has sent troops to Syria to help Assad|date=17 October 2015|accessdate=13 June 2016|author=Daniel Trotta, edited by Paul Simao|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}<br/>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/william-m-leogrande/manufacturing-crisis-cuba_b_8392456.html|title=Manufacturing Crisis: Cuban Troops in Syria|publisher=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=26 Oktober 2015|accessdate=13 Juni 2016|author=William M. LeoGrande}}</ref>
** {{flagicon|Oposisi Suriah}} [[Tentara Nasional Suriah]]
|
** {{flagicon|Turki}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Turki]]
| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Rojava}}[[Rojava]]
* {{flagicon|Rojava}} [[Partai Buruh Kurdistan]]
| combatant4 = {{flagicon|Amerika}}[[Amerika Serikat]] (Wilayah Al-Tanf)
* {{flagicon|Amerika}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat]] (Al-Tanf)
* {{flagicon|Oposisi Suriah}} [[Oposisi Suriah]] (Al-Tanf)
| combatant5 = {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]]
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Suriah|1963}} [[Bashar al-Assad]] {{surrendered}}
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Oposisi Suriah}} [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]
| commander3 = {{flagicon|Rojava}} [[Hediya Yousef]]
| commander4 = {{flagicon|Amerika}} [[Joe Biden]]
| commander5 = {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Benyamin Netanyahu]]
| strength1 = 550.000+ Pasukan
| strength2 = 200.000-300.000 Pasukan termasuk Turki
| strength3 = 150.000 Pasukan
| strength4 = 2.000-4.000 Pasukan Amerika
| strength5 = 22.000-44.000 Pasukan Israel (2 Brigade)
| casualties1 = 40.000-50.000 Pasukan Pemerintah termasuk warga sipil pro-assad
| casualties2 = 580.000+ Pasukan Anti-pemerintah Assad termasuk warga sipil anti-Assad
| casualties3 = 50.000 Pasukan Kurdi tewas
| casualties4 = 30-40 Prajurit Amerika dan beberapa pesawat hancur
| casualties5 = 200 Pasukan Israel Tewas
| notes = Perang terus berlanjut melawan Israel dan Rojava serta ISIS
}}
|combatant2=
{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg|size=23px}} '''[[Oposisi Suriah|Oposisi]]'''}} <small>{{Center|([[Dewan Komando Revolusioner Suriah|SRCC]])}}</small>
* [[Tentara Pembebasan Suriah|FSA]]
* [[Fatah Halab]] <small>(sejak 2015)</small> {{ref label|Fatah Halab|a}}
* [[Front Islam (Suriah)|Front Islam]] <small>(2013-2015)</small>
{{collapsible list
|title = <small>Mendukung:</small>
|{{flag|Arab Saudi|size=20px}}
|{{flag|Turki|size=20px}}{{Ref label|turkey|b}}<ref name=Wilgenburg>{{cite magazine|title=The Rise of Jaysh al-Fateh in Northern Syria|author=Wladimir van Wilgenburg|work=Terrorism Monitor|volume=XIII|issue=12|page=3|publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]]|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=44027|date=12 Juni 2015}}</ref><ref name="weekly">{{cite news|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/12392/21/Gulf-allies-and-%E2%80%98Army-of-Conquest%E2%80%99.aspx|title=Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest'|author=[[Gareth Porter]]|newspaper=[[Mingguan Al-Ahram]]|date=28 May 2015}}</ref>
|{{flag|Qatar|size=20px}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg|size=23px}} [[Amerika Serikat]]<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels|url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-11/world/41972742_1_lethal-aid-syrian-rebels-chemical-weapons|newspaper=Washington Post|date=September 11, 2013}}</ref>{{Ref label|america|c}}
|{{flag|Prancis|size=20px}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.enca.com/hollande-confirms-french-delivery-arms-syrian-rebels|title=Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels|date=2014-08-21|accessdate=2015-01-16}}</ref>
}}
----
{{flagicon image|Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg|border=no}} '''[[Jaish al-Fatah]]'''
* [[Jabhat Al-Nusra]]
* [[Ahrar ash-Sham]]
* [[Partai Islam Turkistan di Suriah]]
Kelompok sekutu
* [[Jabhat Ansar al-Din]]
* [[Jund al-Aqsa]]
{{collapsible list
|title = <small>Mendukung:</small>
|{{flag|Qatar|size=20px}}<ref name=Wilgenburg>{{cite magazine|title=The Rise of Jaysh al-Fateh in Northern Syria|author=Wladimir van Wilgenburg|work=Terrorism Monitor|volume=XIII|issue=12|page=3|publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]]|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=44027|date=12 Juni 2015}}</ref><ref name="weekly"/>
|{{flag|Arab Saudi|size=20px|name=Saudi Arabia}}<ref name=Wilgenburg /><ref name="weekly" />
|{{flag|Turki|size=20px}}{{Ref label|turkey|b}}<ref name=Wilgenburg /><ref name="weekly" />
}}
|combatant3=
<div style=vertical-align: sup;>'''{{flag|ISIL|size=23px}}'''</div>
* [[Aktivitas militer ISIL|Militer]]
* [[Tentara Khalid bin al-Walid]]
|combatant4 =
<div style=vertical-align: sup;>'''{{flag|Rojava|size=23px}}'''</div> <small>{{Center|([[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah|SDF]])}}</small>
* [[YPG]]
* [[YPJ]]
* [[Koalisi Arab Suriah]]
* [[Syriac Military Council|MFS]]
Kelompok sekutu:
* [[International Freedom Battalion|IFB]]<ref name="MLKP">{{cite news|last1=Demir|first1=Arzu|title=Preparations for international brigade in Rojava|url=http://en.firatnews.com/news/news/preparations-for-international-brigade-in-rojava.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211120154/http://en.firatnews.com/news/news/preparations-for-international-brigade-in-rojava.htm|archivedate=2015-02-11|accessdate=11 February 2015|agency=Firat News Agency|date=28 January 2015}}</ref>
* [[PKK]]
{{collapsible list
|title='''<small>Mendukung:</small>'''
|{{flag|Iraqi Kurdistan|size=23px}}
<br>{{flag|Russia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/feb/8/l-todd-wood-russia-supporting-kurdish-groups-syria/|work=[[Washington Times]]|date=February 8, 2016|title=Russia supporting Kurdish groups in Syria to Turkey’s detriment|first=L. Todd|last=Wood}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Activists and a rebel commander say Kurdish fighters have launched an attack in northern Syria under the cover of Russian airstrikes to try and capture a military air base held by insurgents|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2016-02-10/gunmen-open-fire-on-syria-aid-convoy-no-casualties-reported|work=[[US News & World Report]]|date=February 10, 2016}}</ref> }}
----
{{collapsible list
|title = <small>{{flagicon image|Inherent Resolve.jpg|border=no}} '''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]:'''</small>
|{{flag|Amerika Serikat|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Britania Raya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Prancis|size=23px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/world/europe/france-says-it-has-struck-at-isis-in-syria.html|title=France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria|date=28 September 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
|{{flag|Kanada|size=23px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/breaking-canadian-special-forces-in-ground-battle-with-isil-in-northern-iraq|title=Canadian special forces help fight off ‘significant’ ISIL attack in Iraq - Ottawa Citizen|author=David Pugliese|author2=Ottawa Citizen|author3=More David Pugliese|author4=Ottawa Citizen|date=|work=Ottawa Citizen}}</ref>
|{{flag|Belanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Denmark|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Australia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Arab Saudi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Yordania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|UAE|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turki|Size=23px}}{{Ref label|turkey|b}}
|{{flag|Qatar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Bahrain|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Maroji|size=23px}} }}
|commander1={{Plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Suriah}} [[Bashar al-Assad]] <br/> <small>([[Presiden Suriah]])</small>
* {{flagdeco|Suriah}} [[Fahd Jassem al-Freij]] <br/> <small>([[Menteri Pertahanan Suriah|Menteri Pertahanan]])</small>
* {{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Ali Abdullah Ayyoub]] <br/><small>(Kepala Staf AD [[Tentara Suriah|Tentara]])</small>
* {{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Issam Hallaq]]<br/><small>(Kepala Staf [[Angkatan Udara Arab Suriah|Angkatan Udara]])</small>
* [[Berkas:InfoboxHez.PNG|23px|tepi]] [[Hassan Nasrallah]]<br/><small>(Sekjen [[Hezbollah]])</small>
* {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Qasem Soleimani]]<br/><small>(Komandan [[Angkatan Bersenjata Quds]])</small>
* {{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Vladimir Putin]]<br/><small>([[Presiden Rusia]])</small>
}}
|commander2={{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} [[Ahmad Tu'mah]]<br/><small>(Perdana Menteri [[Pemerintah Sementara Suriah]])</small>
* {{flagicon image|Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg}} Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh<ref name=BBC22Nov>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25053525|title=Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front|publisher=BBC|date=22 November 2013|accessdate=22 Januari 2014}}</ref><br/><small>(Pemimpin [[Front Islam (Suriah)|Front Islam]])</small>
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = on
|title = '''Meninggal:'''
|1 = {{flagicon image|Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg}} [[Zahran Alloush]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/russian-raids-kill-prominent-syrian-rebel-commander-151225142422180.html|title=Russian raids kill prominent Syrian rebel commander|date=|work=aljazeera.com}}</ref><br><small>(Kepala militer [[Front Islam (Suriah)|Front Islam]])</small><ref name=BBC22Nov/>
}}
}}
----
{{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} [[Abu Mohammad al-Julani]]<br><small>(Amir [[Front al-Nusra]])</small><ref name="al-Nusra military chief killed">{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/syria-al-qaeda-strike/|title=Source: Syrian warplanes kill leaders of al-Nusra|author1=Nic Robertson|author2=Paul Cruickshank|lastauthoramp=yes|date=5 March 2015|work=CNN}}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = on
|title = '''Meninggal:'''
|1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} [[Abu Humam al-Shami]]{{KIA}} <br><small>(Mantan Kepala Militer Front al-Nusra)</small><ref>{{cite web|title =Senior Nusra Front commander killed in Syria air strike|url =http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/syria-nusra-front-commander-killed-air-strike-150305230517103.html|website = Al-Jazeera|date = 6 March 2015|accessdate = 3 June 2015}}</ref>
|2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} [[Abu Firas al-Suri]]{{KIA}} <small>(Mantan Juru Bicara Front al-Nusra)</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/nusra-front-spokesman-killed-strike-syria-160404080317702.html|title=Nusra Front spokesman killed by air strike in Syria|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/syrias-qaeda-spokesman-20-jihadists-dead-strikes-monitor-200452734.html|title=Syria's Qaeda spokesman, 20 jihadists dead in strikes: monitor|website=www.yahoo.com|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>
}}
}}
|commander3={{Plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]<ref>{{cite news|work=United States Department of State|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/08/213032.htm|title=U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda|date=10 August 2013}}</ref><br/><small>(Khalifah [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIL]])</small>
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = on
|title = '''Meninggal:'''
|1 = {{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Haji Bakr]]{{KIA}} <br><small>(Mantan Wakil Ketua ISIL dan Kepala Dewan Militer)</small><ref>{{cite web
|title =ISIS confirms death of senior leader in Syria|url =http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/02/isis_confirms_death.php|website = Long War Journal|date = February 2014|accessdate = 2015}}</ref>
|2 = {{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Abu Ayman al-Iraqi]]{{KIA}} <small>(Mantan Kepala Dewan Militer)</small><ref name="who is next">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/if-isis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-killed-who-caliph-islamic-state-group-1721638|title=If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?|author=Alessandria Masi|date=11 November 2014|work=International Business Times|accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref>
|3 = {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Abu Ali al-Anbari]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=A Top ISIS Leader Is Killed in an Airstrike, the Pentagon Says|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/middleeast/abd-al-rahman-mustafa-al-qaduli-isis-reported-killed-in-syria.html|accessdate=26 March 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=25 March 2016}}</ref><br/><small>(Wakil Ketua di Suriah)</small>
|4 = {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Abu Omar al-Shishani]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/14/politics/u-s-confirms-death-of-isis-operative-omar-al-shishani/index.html|publisher=CNN|title= U.S. confirms death of ISIS operative Omar al-Shishani|date=14 March 2016|accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref><br/><small>(Menteri Perang)</small><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aistrike-idUSKCN0WA2GG Islamic State's 'minister of war' likely killed in U.S. air strike: officials]<br/>[https://www.rt.com/news/334958-isis-shishani-commander-killed/ ISIS 'minister of war' al-Shishani likely killed in airstrike – Pentagon]<br>[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-minister-war-omar-al-shishani-clinically-dead-after-us-airstrike-1549247 Isis 'minister of war' Omar al-Shishani 'clinically dead' after US air strike]<br/>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/14/islamic-states-war-minister-omar-al-shishani-clinically-dead Islamic State's 'war minister' Omar al-Shishani 'clinically dead']<br/>[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/15/did-the-u-s-kill-omar-shishani-the-isis-minister-of-war.html Red-Beard Abu Omar al-Shishani Is The Walking Dead ISIS ‘Minister of War’]</ref>
}}
}}
|commander4={{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Rojava}} [[Salih Muslim Muhammad|Salih Muhammad]]<br/><small>(Wakil Presiden [[Partai Uni Demokratik (Suriah)|PYD]])</small>
* {{flagicon|Rojava}} [[Asya Abdullah]]<br/><small>(Wakil Presiden [[Partai Uni Demokratik (Suriah)|PYD]])</small>
* {{flagicon|Rojava}} Sipan Hemo<br/><small>(Komandan [[Unit Perlindungan Rakyat|YPG]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/kurdish-arab-rebel-alliance-may-be-key-to-obama-s-syrian-strategy|title=Kurdish-Arab Rebel Alliance May be Key to Obama's Syrian Strategy|author=Tarek Radwan|work=Atlantic Council}}</ref></small> }}
----
{{flagicon|Amerika Serikat Army}} [[Sean MacFarland]]<ref>[http://www.nationaljournal.com/s/91436/army-lt-gen-sean-macfarland-lead-u-s-fight-against-isis?mref=skybox MacFarland leads the coalition against ISIS] accessdate=2015-10-30</ref><br/><small>(Komandan CJTF-OIR)</small><br>
[[Berkas:Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg|23px|tepi]] [[Barack Obama]]<br/><small>([[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden AS]])</small>
 
'''Perang saudara Suriah''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْحَرْبُ ٱلْأَهْلِيَّةُ ٱلسُّورِيَّةُ|al-ḥarb ul-ʾahlīyyat us-sūrīyyah}}) adalah sebuah konflik bersenjata berbagai pihak dengan intervensi internasional<ref>{{cite web
|strength1=[[Angkatan Bersenjata Suriah]]: 178.000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria|title= Syria military strength|publisher=Global Fire Power|date= 17 October 2015}}</ref>
 
[[Direktorat Jenderal Keamanan (Suriah)|Direktorat Jenderal Keamanan]]: 8.000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-28/228953-syrias-diminished-security-forces.ashx#axzz31ko8ddGF|title=Syria's diminished security forces|publisher=AFP|date=28 August 2013|accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref>
 
Pasukan Pertahanan Nasional: 80.000<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Analysis/2014/Jun-16/260266-isis-iraq-offensive-could-trigger-hezbollah-to-fill-gap-left-in-syria.ashx#axzz34kJc9rns ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria] ''[[The Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]]'', 16 Juni 2014</ref>
 
Hezbollah: 6.000–8.000<ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44563 Senior Hezbollah commander killed in Aleppo]</ref><ref name="legion"/>
 
Brigade Ba'ath: 7.000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/197848|title=«كتائب البعث» إلى شوارع دمشق|publisher=Al Akhbar|date=14 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54167|title=The Baath Battalions Move Into Damascus|publisher=Carnegie Endowment|date=13 January 2014|author=Aron Lund}}</ref>
 
Rusia: 4.000 pasukan<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/russias-syria-force-has-reportedly-grown-to-4000-people-2015-11|title=Russia's Syria force has reportedly grown to 4,000 people|authors=Jonathan Landay, Phil Stewart, Mark Hosenball|agency=Business Insider|date=4 November 2015|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> and 1,000 contractors<ref name="wsjmercenaries">{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/up-to-nine-russian-contractors-die-in-syria-experts-say-1450467757|title=Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say|author=Thomas Grove|date=18 December 2015|work=WSJ}}</ref>
 
Iran: 3.000–5.000<ref name="legion">{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-foreign-legion-leads-battle-in-syrias-north-1455672481|title=Iran ‘Foreign Legion’ Leads Battle in Syria’s North|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=17 February 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-state-of-the-art-technology-gives-president-assad-s-army-the-edge-a6898741.html Syria civil war: State-of-the-art technology gives President Assad’s army the edge]</ref>
 
Kelompok sekutu lainnya: 15.500+<ref name="legion"/><ref name="alAbbasGuardian">[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/04/syria-islamic-sunni-shia-shrines-volunteers Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines.] Retrieved 5 June 2013</ref><ref name="AydinAlbayrak">{{cite web|last=Albayrak|first=Aydin|title=Mihraç Ural, a man with a long history of terrorism|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-315474-mihrac-ural-a-man-with-a-long-history-of-terrorism.html|work=[[Today's Zaman]]|accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref>
 
|strength2=
FSA: 40,000–50,000<ref>{{cite news|last=Cockburn|first=Patrick|title=West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=11 December 2013}}</ref>
 
Front Islam: 40.000–70.000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/03/04/islamic_front_isis_syria|title=Front to Back|work=Foreign Policy}}</ref>
 
Fatah Halab:{{ref label|Fatah Halab|a}} ~25,000–32,000<ref name="guide">{{cite news|title=Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24403003|publisher=BBC|date=13 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=Reuters9Jan>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/09/us-syria-crisis-rebels-factbox-idUSBREA080SW20140109|title=Factbox: Syria's rebel groups|publisher=Reuters|date=9 January 2014|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/01/06/213669/al-qaida-rebels-leave-mass-grave.html|title=Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria|publisher=McClatchy|date=6 January 2014|accessdate=8 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=ZAMANALWSL>{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/10077.html|title=Syrian rebel group offers 2000 jihadists to fight Houthis in Yemen|date=|work=ZAMAN ALWSL}}</ref>
 
Kelompok lainnya: 12.500<ref name="Guardian70K">[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/30/70000-syrian-fighters-david-cameron-islamic-state-airstrikes Who are these 70,000 Syrian fighters David Cameron is relying on?] Retrieved 18 February 2016.</ref>
----
al-Nusra: 13.000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0504/Syria-crisis-Spooked-by-rebel-gains-Jordan-doubles-down-on-Islamic-State|title=Syria crisis: Spooked by rebel gains, Jordan doubles down on Islamic State|date=4 May 2015|accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref><br/>
Kelompok sekutu: 8.500+
|strength3= 31.500<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29169914|title=Islamic State fighter estimate triples - CIA|publisher=BBC|date=12 September 2014}}</ref>–100.000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.html|title=War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader|publisher=The Independent|date=18 November 2014}}</ref>
 
|strength4=
YPG dan YPJ: 57.000-60.000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/op-ed_will-the-islamic-state-last-through-2015_368806.html|title=Will the Islamic State last through 2015?|publisher=Today's Zaman|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Kurdish-Women-Turning-Kobani-into-a-Living-Hell-for-Islamic-State-20141014-0072.html|title=Kurdish Women Turning Kobani into a Living 'Hell' for Islamic State}}</ref>
 
Koalisi Arab Suriah: 4.000 (klaim)
 
Dewan Militer Suriah: 2.000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article138396610/Die-Barbaren-wollen-uns-alle-unterwerfen.html|title=Die Barbaren wollen uns alle unterwerfen|language=Jerman}}</ref>
 
[[Tentara revolusi]]: 3,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hasanmustafas.wordpress.com/2015/11/16/an-analysis-of-jaish-al-thuwar-the-army-of-revolutionaries-a-component-of-the-syrian-democratic-forces/|title= An Analysis of Jaish al-Thuwar (the Army of Revolutionaries) – a Component of the Pasukan Demokratik Suriah|last1= Mustafa|first1= Hasan|date= 16 November 2015|website=|publisher= Word Press|access-date= 16 February 2016}}</ref>
 
|casualties1={{flagdeco|Suriah|size=23px}} '''Pemerintah Suriah:'''<br>
56.609–91.609 prajurit terbunuh<ref name=SOHR>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2016/05/28/46478|title=More than 400000 were killed in 63 months of the Syrian revolution|date=28 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=SOHR1>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20140826120603/http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=22469&Itemid=2&task=displaynews|title=More than 110 dead, thousands of regime forces during the 41 months|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref><br>
39.221–53.221 wajib milter terbunuh<ref name=SOHR/><ref name=SOHR1/><br>
6,000 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured<ref name=SOHR/><br>
[[Berkas:InfoboxHez.PNG|23px|tepi]] '''Hezbollah:'''<br />1,247–1,400 killed<ref name=SOHR/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21698768-israel-usual-suspectbut-may-not-have-been-responsible-time-hizbullahs|title=Hizbullah’s military commander is killed|work=The Economist|accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref><br>
{{flagicon|Rusia}} '''Rusia:'''<br>13 soldiers<small><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/news/347348-syria-russian-soldier-killed/|title=Russian soldier dies in Syria after preventing car bomb attack on aid distribution point|accessdate=19 June 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/07/09/world/europe/ap-eu-russia-syria.html?_r=0 2 Russian Soldiers Die After Helicopter Shot Down in Syria]</ref></small> and 9–15 contractors<ref name="wsjmercenaries"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/three-russians-killed-syria-pro-government-source-145159450.html|title=Three Russians killed in Syria: pro-government source|date=20 October 2015|work=Yahoo News|accessdate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Fontanka Investigates Russian Mercenaries Dying For Putin In Syria And Ukraine|url=http://www.interpretermag.com/fontanka-investigates-russian-mercenaries-dying-for-putin-in-syria-and-ukraine/|accessdate=29 March 2016|date=29 March 2016}}</ref> killed<br>
'''Other non-Syrian fighters:'''<br />4,585 killed<ref name=SOHR/> <small>({{flagdeco|Iran|size=23px}} 419)</small><ref name="fpiran">[http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/irgc-officer-college-mourns-comrade-killed-in-syria.php IRGC officer college mourns comrade killed in Syria] (see twitter link on 13 deaths in June)</ref>
 
|casualties2= 95,663–121,663 fighters killed{{ref label|casualties2|d}}<ref name=SOHR/><ref name=SOHR1/><br>979 protesters killed<ref name="almost11,500">{{cite web|url=http://ansamed.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/politics/2012/03/19/visualizza_new.html_134589467.html|title=Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed|publisher=Ansamed.ansa.it|date=2012-03-19|accessdate=2013-08-27}}</ref>
 
|casualties3= {{flagdeco|ISIL}} '''ISIL:''' <br> 8,850+ killed <small>(per SOHR)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geo.tv/article-189504-IS-executes-over-3000-in-Syria-in-year-long-caliphate|title=IS executes over 3,000 in Syria in year-long ´caliphate´|date=28 June 2015|work=AFP}}<br>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/2016/04/30/9-weeks-of-the-truce-and-cease-of-fight-operations-kills-almost-5600-people-in-most-of-the-syrian-provinces/ 9 weeks of the “truce and cease of fight operations” kills almost 5,600 people in most of the Syrian provinces]<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2016/05/29/46519|title=81 executions during the 23rd month “the Islamic State’s Caliphate” in Syria rise the number of executions carried out by the “Islamic State” to 4225|publisher=SOHR|accessdate=29 May 2016}}<br>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/212933#.V0rWMrh96Uk Thousands flee ISIS offensive in northern Syria]</ref><br>16,089+ killed <small>(per SAA and YPG)</small><ref name="ISCasualtiesDiclehaber">[http://www.diclehaber.com/en/news/content/view/437247?from=2102159856 YPG releases balance-sheet of 2014: Nearly 5,000 ISIS members killed]</ref><ref name="ISCasualtiesYPGRojava">[http://ypgrojava.com/en/2016/01/01/balance-of-the-war-against-hostile-groups-in-rojava-northern-syria-year-2015/ Balance of the War Against Hostile Groups in Rojava, Northern Syria: Year 2015]</ref><ref name="ISCasualtiesSputnik">{{cite web|url=http://sputniknews.com/middleeast/20141225/1016239222.html|title=Syrian Army Kills Nearly 5,000 IS Militants in Three Months: Source|date=25 December 2014|work=sputniknews.com}}</ref><ref>[http://sana.sy/en/?p=72949 The army takes full control of Palmyra city, hundreds of ISIS terrorists killed]</ref>
 
|casualties4= {{flagicon|Rojava}} '''Rojava:'''<br>3,182 killed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/12/03/syrian-kurds-are-winning/|title=The Syrian Kurds Are Winning!|author=Jonathan Steele|work=The New York Review of Books|accessdate=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>182 killed (2016),[http://ku.hawarnews.com/ji-ypge-bilancoya-meha-cileye/][http://en.hawarnews.com/ypg-releases-balance-sheet-of-war-in-february/][http://dckurd.org/2016/04/05/ypg-announces-the-balance-sheet-of-war-for-march/] total of 182 reported killed</ref>
----
{{flagicon image|Inherent Resolve.jpg|border=no}}'''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]:'''<br>2 killed<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Marine-is-first-US-death-in-operations-against-Islamic-State/articleshow/44263023.cms|title=Marine is first US death in operations against Islamic State|work=The Times of India|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31129416 Jordan pilot murder: Islamic State deploys asymmetry of fear]</ref>
 
|notes=<big><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
'''81,436'''<ref name=SOHR/>'''–94,884'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/home|title=Violations Documenting Center|date=23 February 2016|accessdate=23 February 2016|publisher=Violations Documenting Center}}</ref> ('''3,160''' [[Casualties of the Syrian Civil War#Foreign civilians killed|foreign]]; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition<br />
'''86''' [[Casualties of the Syrian Civil War#Foreign soldiers killed|other foreign soldiers]] killed<br><small>({{flagicon|Lebanon}} 48, {{flagicon|Iraq}} 16, {{flagicon|Turkey}} 15, {{flagicon|Jordan}} 7)</small>
----
'''Total yang terbunuh:'''<br>
'''282.283–402.819''' (perkiraan Mei 2016 oleh [[Observatorium Suriah untuk Hak Asasi Manusia|SOHR]])<ref name=SOHR/><br>
'''470.000''' (perkiraan Februari 2016 oleh SCPR)<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/11/report-on-syria-conflict-finds-115-of-population-killed-or-injured Report on Syria conflict finds 11.5% of population killed or injured]</ref>
----
Lebih dari '''7.600.000''' [[orang terlantar|terlantar]] (perkiraan Juli 2015 oleh [[UNHCR]])
Lebih dari '''4.000.000''' [[Pengungsi Perang Saudara Suriah|pengungsi]] (perkiraan Juli 2015 oleh [[UNHCR]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11728266/More-than-four-million-Syrian-refugees-in-neighbouring-countries-UN-says.html|title=More than four million Syrian refugees in neighbouring countries, UN says|date=9 July 2015|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/09/us-mideast-crisis-syria-refugees-idUSKCN0PJ0EF20150709|title=Syria's neighbors now host four million of its refugees, U.N. says|author=Tom Miles|date=9 July 2015|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/9/unhcr-syrian-refugees-cross-four-million-mark.html|title=UNHCR: Syrian Refugees Cross Four Million Mark - Al Jazeera America|date=|work=aljazeera.com}}</ref></div></big>
----
{{notelist}}
{{Note label|Fatah Halab|a}} Fatah Halab (bahasa Inggris: ''Aleppo Conquest'') juga termasuk kelompok dari FSA.
 
{{Note label|turkey|b}} Turkey is part of the CJTF–OIR against ISIL, but does not support the SDF and is in a border conflict with it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-shelling-idUKKCN0VM0PA|title=Turkish forces shell Syrian air base captured by Kurds|author=Reuters Editorial|date=13 February 2016|work=Reuters UK|accessdate=14 February 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3446440/Opposition-activists-say-Turkey-shelling-Kurds-Syria.html Turkey shells Kurdish positions in Syria for 2nd day]</ref>
 
{{Note label|america|c}} Some of the rebels that have been armed by the United States have given vehicles and ammunition to the [[al-Nusra Front]].<ref name="BBCUSalNusra">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34368073|title= US-trained rebels give equipment to al-Qaeda affiliate.|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref>
 
{{Note label|casualties2|d}} Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.<ref name=SOHR/><ref name=SOHR1/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/world/more-than-215000-killed-in-syria-since-2011-2015031605#axzz3UUZH4BeT|title=More than 215,000 killed in Syria since 2011|work=3news.co.nz}}</ref>
}}
 
'''Perang saudara Suriah''' ({{lang-ar|الحرب الأهلية السورية}}) adalah sebuah konflik bersenjata berbagai pihak dengan intervensi internasional<ref>{{cite web
|last1=International conflict
|title=Iran to join, Russia already bombing Opposition's positions.
Baris 221 ⟶ 62:
|website=Reuters.com
|publisher=Reuters
|accessdate=4 Oktober 2015}}</ref>
|archive-date=2015-11-28
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128171003/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/02/us-mideast-crisis-russia-syria-idUSKCN0RV41O20151002
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref>
yang berlangsung di [[Suriah]]. [[Fase pemberontakan sipil dalam Perang saudara Suriah|Kerusuhan]] tumbuh sejak protes [[kebangkitan dunia Arab]] tahun 2011, dan meningkat ke konflik bersenjata setelah kekerasan atas protes kepada Pemerintah Presiden [[Bashar al-Assad]] untuk menekan pengunduran dirinya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/syria-crackdown-has-killed-5000-people-un-says/|title= Syria crackdown has killed 5,000 people, UN says}}</ref>
Perang melibatkan Pasukan Pemerintah Suriah[[Bashar al-Assad]], kelompok[[Tentara aliansi longgar pemberontak ArabPembebasan Suriah]] , Pasukan Demokratik Suriah, kelompok jihaidst SalafiMujahidin (termasuk Front al-Nusra), dan [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] (ISILISIS). SemuaKebanyakan pihak menerima dukungan besar dari [[Keterlibatan asing dalam Perang saudara Suriah|aktor asing]], dan banyak yang mengarahkan untuk melabelinya sebagai [[perang proksi]] yang dilancarkan oleh negara-negara besar regional dan dunia.<ref name="turnproxy">{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/world/middleeast/syria-russia-airstrikes.html?_r=0
|title=U.S. Weaponry Is Turning Syria Into Proxy War With Russia
Baris 235 ⟶ 80:
|date=15 June 2013
|work=Yahoo News
|access-date=2016-07-28
|archive-date=2019-09-14
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914224944/https://news.yahoo.com/arming-syria-rebels-us-drawn-proxy-war-190907079.html
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref>
 
Di bawah rezim Assad, Suriah melalui reformasi ekonomi neoliberal yang signifikan. Reformasi ini diperburuk kesenjangan kekayaan, yang dikombinasikan dengan resesi dan beberapa tahun kekeringan yang menyebabkan penyebaran kebangkitan dunia Arab untuk Suriah. Protes cepat menyebar ke daerah-daerah yang didominasi Kurdi di utara Suriah.
 
Kelompok oposisi Suriah membentuk [[Tentara Pembebasan Suriah]] dan menguasai daerah sekitar [[Aleppo]] dan bagian selatan Suriah. Seiring waktu, faksi dari [[Oposisi Suriah]] pecah dari politik moderat asli untuk mengejar visi Islam untuk Suriah, seperti Front al-Nusra dan [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] (ISIL).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dettmer|first1=Jamie|title=Syria's Rebels: Radicalization and Division|url=http://www.mei.edu/content/syrias-rebels-radicalization-and-division|website=Middle East Institute|accessdate=9 July 2016}}</ref> Di utara, pasukan sebagian besar pemerintah Suriah menarik untuk melawan FSA, yang memungkinkan YPG Kurdi untuk bergerak dan melakukan klaim ''de facto'' atas otonomi.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davies|first=Wyre|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19021766|title=Crisis in Syria emboldens country's Kurds|publisher=BBC News|date=27 July 2012|accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, YPG bergabung dengan Arab, Assyria, kelompok Armenia dan Turkmen membentuk [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah]].<ref name=KQ1015>{{cite web|title=Declaration of establishment by Pasukan Demokratik Suriah|publisher=Kurdish Question|url=http://kurdishquestion.com/index.php/kurdistan/west-kurdistan/declaration-of-establishment-by-democratic-syria-forces/1179-declaration-of-establishment-by-democratic-syria-forces.html|date=15 Oktober 2015|accessdate=15 October 2015|archive-date=2016-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224085811/http://kurdishquestion.com/index.php/kurdistan/west-kurdistan/declaration-of-establishment-by-democratic-syria-forces/1179-declaration-of-establishment-by-democratic-syria-forces.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
Per Februari 2016 pemerintah menguasai 40% Suriah, ISIL menguasai sekitar 20-40%, kelompok pemberontak Arab (termasuk Front al-Nusra) 20%, dan 15-20% dikuasai Pasukan Demokratik Suriah. Baik Pasukan Demokratik Suriah maupun Tentara SruiahSuriah telah membuat keuntungan baru-baru ini terhadap ISIS.
 
Organisasi internasional telah menuduh pemerintah Suriah, [[ISIL]], dan pasukan oposisi lainnya melakukan pelanggaran HAM berat, dengan beberapa [[Daftar pembantaian selama Perang Saudara Suriah|pembantaian]] terjadi.<ref name="businessinsider1">{{cite web
Baris 271 ⟶ 120:
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Konflik menyebabkan cukup banyak [[Pengungsi Perang Saudara Suriah|perpindahan penduduk]]. Pada 1 Februari 2016,<ref name=reutersstart>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-idUSKCN0VA2OT|title=U.N. announces start of Syria peace talks as government troops advance|publisher= Reuters|accessdate=2 February 2016|date=1 February 2016}}</ref> sebuah [[Pembicaraan damai Suriah Jenewa (2016)|pembicaraan damai Suriah Jenewa]] yang dimediasi oleh PBB dimulai, namun pertempuran terus berlanjut.<ref name="reutersrageon">{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-idUSKCN0VB1CQ|title=Syrian army threatens to encircle Aleppo as talks falter|work=Reuters|accessdate=4 February 2016|date=3 February 2016}}</ref>
 
Pada tanggal 8 Desember 2024, pasukan pemberontak telah [[Kejatuhan Damaskus|merebut]] ibu kota, [[Damaskus]]. Setelah itu, rezim Ba'ath [[Kejatuhan dinasti Assad|runtuh]], dan al-Assad melarikan diri ke [[Moskow]].<ref>{{cite news |date=8 December 2024 |title=Syria's President Bashar al Assad is in Moscow and has been granted asylum, confirms Russian state media |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/syrias-president-bashar-al-assad-175000548.html}}</ref>
 
== Ringkasan ==
 
=== Asal Mula Konflik ===
Pada Maret 2011, ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap pemerintahan [[Ba'thisme]] mengakibatkan protes dalam skala besar dan unjuk rasa yang menyuarakan pro-demokrasi di seluruh Suriah, hal tersebut disebabkan oleh meluasnya dampak dari [[Arab Spring]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Kassam|first=Kamal|last2=Becker|first2=Maria|date=2023-05-16|title=Syrians of today, Germans of tomorrow: the effect of initial placement on the political interest of Syrian refugees in Germany|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/political-science/articles/10.3389/fpos.2023.1100446/full|journal=Frontiers in Political Science|language=English|volume=5|doi=10.3389/fpos.2023.1100446|issn=2673-3145}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2014-03-14|title=Syria: The story of the conflict|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2024-12-03}}</ref> Banyak kegiatan unjuk rasa ditindak tegas oleh aparat keamanan dengan tindakan keras bahkan mematikan yang diperintahkan oleh [[Bashar al-Assad]] sehingga mengakibatkan ribuan kematian dan penahanan, tidak sedikit diantaranya merupakan masyarakat sipil. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Revolusi Suriah berubah menjadi [[pemberontakan]] karena banyak munculnya milisi-milisi perlawanan di seluruh Suriah, bahkan semakin memburuk menjadi perang saudara pada tahun 2012. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kassam|first=Kamal|last2=Becker|first2=Maria|date=2023-05-16|title=Syrians of today, Germans of tomorrow: the effect of initial placement on the political interest of Syrian refugees in Germany|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/political-science/articles/10.3389/fpos.2023.1100446/full|journal=Frontiers in Political Science|language=English|volume=5|doi=10.3389/fpos.2023.1100446|issn=2673-3145}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-03-14|title=Syria: The story of the conflict|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2024-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-03-15|title=Mid-East unrest: Syrian protests in Damascus and Aleppo|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12749674|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2024-12-03}}</ref>
 
== Lihat juga ==
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== Referensi ==
{{reflist|25em}}
{{negara-stub|Suriah}}
 
[[Kategori:Perang Saudara Suriah| ]]
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[[Kategori:Asia dalam tahun 2016]]
[[Kategori:Kebangkitan dunia Arab]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2012]]
 
 
{{negara-stub|Suriah}}
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah"