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Revisi per 4 November 2020 07.21 sunting Ghori Tanjung (bicara \| kontrib) 455 suntingan Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 29 Agustus 2023 03.51 sunting balikkan Rex Aurorum (bicara \| kontrib) Peninjau 7.235 suntingan Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan
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Baris 1: '''~~Kendaraan~~Wahana peluncur berdaya angkat ringan''' atau '''small-lift launch vehicle''' adalah [[~~kendaraan~~wahana]] [[roket]] peluncuran orbital yang mampu mengangkat hingga 2.000 kg (4.400 lb) dari muatan ke orbit Bumi rendah (LEO). Kategori yang lebih besar berikutnya terdiri dari ~~kendaraan~~wahana ~~peluncuran~~peluncur pengangkat menengah.<ref name="classes">[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/500393main_TA01-LaunchPropulsion-DRAFT-Nov2010-A.pdf NASA Space Technology Roadmaps – Launch Propulsion Systems, p. 11]: "Small: 0-2t payloads, Medium: 2-20t payloads, Heavy: 20-50t payloads, Super Heavy: >50t payloads"</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-001B\|title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details\|website=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\|accessdate=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik_lv.html\|title=Sputnik launch vehicle 8K71PS (M1-1PS)\|website=Russianspaceweb.com\|accessdate=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.russian.space/\|title=ЦЭНКИ – Центр эксплуатации объектов наземной космической инфраструктуры\|website=Russian.space\|accessdate=7 February 2019\|archive-date=2022-05-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509013036/https://www.russian.space/\|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/rockets/vanguard-project/\|title=Vanguard Project – U.S. Naval Research Laboratory\|website=Nrl.navy.mil\|accessdate=7 February 2019\|archive-date=2020-02-16\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216232851/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/rockets/vanguard-project\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kendaraan peluncuran angkat kecil Pertama adalah roket [[Sputnik]], yang berasal dari [[ICBM]] R-7 Semyorka dari Uni Soviet. Pada 4 Oktober 1957, roket itu digunakan untuk melakukan peluncuran [[satelit]] pertama di dunia, menempatkan satelit Sputnik 1 ke orbit Bumi yang rendah. AS menanggapi dengan mencoba meluncurkan roket Vanguard. Namun, peluncuran Vanguard TV3 gagal, dengan peluncuran satelit Explorer 1 pada 3 Januari 1958 menggunakan Juno I, roket peluncuran orbital AS pertama yang sukses. Vanguard I adalah peluncuran orbital AS kedua yang berhasil. Ini adalah awal perlombaan luar angkasa.<ref>[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740072500_1974072500.pdf "The Vanguard Satellite Launching Vehicle — An Engineering Summary". B. Klawans. April 1960, 212 pages.] Martin Company Engineering Report No 11022, PDF of an optical copy.</ref><ref name="jfkmemo">{{cite web \|url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/6XnAYXEkkkSMLfp7ic_o-Q.aspx \|title=Memorandum for Vice President \|last=Kennedy \|first=John F. \|authorlink=John F. Kennedy \|date=20 April 1961 \|work=[[White House\|The White House]] \|publisher=[[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]] \|location=Boston, MA \|type=Memorandum \|accessdate=1 August 2013 \|archive-date=2016-07-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721230444/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/6XnAYXEkkkSMLfp7ic_o-Q.aspx \|dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Launius \|first=Roger D. \|title=Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis \|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/cover.html \|accessdate=1 August 2013 \|series=Monographs in Aerospace History Number 3 \|date=July 1994 \|publisher=NASA \|location=Washington, D.C. \|oclc=31825096 \|chapter=President John F. Kennedy Memo for Vice President, 20 April 1961 \|chapterurl=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/apollo1.pdf \|archive-date=2022-10-09 \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/apollo2.pdf \|dead-url=yes }} [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/docs.htm Key Apollo Source Documents] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108100815/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/docs.htm \|date=2020-11-08 }}.</ref> Sejak akhir 1950-an, kendaraan peluncuran kecil terus meluncurkan muatan ke luar angkasa. Kendaraan peluncur kelas menengah, kendaraan peluncur angkat berat, dan kendaraan peluncur super berat juga telah dikembangkan secara ekstensif tetapi belum sepenuhnya menggantikan kendaraan kecil. Kendaraan kecil dapat memenuhi beberapa persyaratan pesawat ruang angkasa, dan bisa lebih murah daripada kendaraan yang lebih besar. Baris 7: {\|class="wikitable sortable" \|- ! width=120\|~~Vehicle~~Kendaraan ! Negara Asal ! Perusahaan ~~manufactur~~manufaktur ! Beban masa pada<br>[[Low Earth orbit\|LEO]]<br>(kg) ! Beban masa pada<br>orbit lain<br>(kg) ! Jumlah ~~luncuran~~peluncuran ! Status ! Peluncuran awal Baris 78: \|{{nts\|50}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://jamejamonline.ir/online/671170836222780565/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%20%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%20%D9%88%20%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%20%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%20%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%B4%D8%AF\|title=ماهواره ملي"نويد علم و صنعت"به‌فضا پرتاب شد\|first=Jamejam, جام\|last=جم\|date=3 February 2012\|website=Jamejam Online\|accessdate=7 February 2019}}</ref> \| \|{{nts\|6}}+1<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/2015/02/02/state-television-reports-iran-launches-satellite-called-fajr-into-space-amid/\|title=State television reports Iran launches satellite called 'Fajr' into space amid rocket tests\|work=Fox Business\|accessdate=12 June 2015\|archive-date=2015-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927061418/http://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/2015/02/02/state-television-reports-iran-launches-satellite-called-fajr-into-space-amid/\|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="safir">{{cite web\|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/safir.htm\|title=Safir\|accessdate=2014-12-23}}</ref> \|Operasional \|2008 Baris 96: \|{{KOR}} \|[[Perigee Aerospace]] \|{{nts\|63}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://perigee.kr/\|title=Perigee Aerospace Inc.\|accessdate=2020-02-02\|archive-date=2020-12-01\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201214801/http://perigee.kr/\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \|{{nts\|50}} to [[Sun synchronous orbit\|SSO]] \|{{ntsh\|0}}0 Baris 138: \|{{IRI}} \|[[Iranian Space Agency]] \|{{nts\|100}}-350<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://i004.radikal.ru/1508/a7/94ca7ddf9113.jpg\|format=JG\|title=Photographic image of Simorga SIV\|website=I004.radikal.ru\|accessdate=7 February 2019\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230321/http://i004.radikal.ru/1508/a7/94ca7ddf9113.jpg\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \| \|{{nts\|1}}(+1)<ref name=gunter-simorgh>{{cite web \|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/simorgh.htm \|title=Simorgh (Safir-2) \|publisher=Gunter's Space Page \|first=Gunter \|last=Krebs \|access-date=15 December 2017}}</ref> Baris 213: \|{{ISR}} \|[[Israel Aerospace Industries\|IAE]] \|{{nts\|160}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/shavit.html\|title=Shavit Data Sheet\|website=Spacelaunchreport.com\|accessdate=7 February 2019\|archive-date=2016-11-04\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104122819/http://spacelaunchreport.com/shavit.html\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \| \|{{nts\|10}} Baris 267: \| [[Interstellar Technologies]] \| \|{{nts\|100}} to SSO<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.istellartech.com/technology_en/zero_en \|title=Salinan arsip \|access-date=2020-11-04 \|archive-date=2020-08-07 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807072911/http://www.istellartech.com/technology_en/zero_en \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> \|{{nts\|0}} \|Pengembangan Baris 408: \|{{TWN}} \|[[TiSPACE]] \|{{nts\|390}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.tispace.com/launch.html\|title=Hapith V\|website=http://www.tispace.com/\|accessdate=10 February 2020\|archive-date=2021-04-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409214515/http://www.tispace.com/launch.html\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \|{{nts\|350}} to SSO \| {{nts\|0}} Baris 461: \|{{USA}} \|[[Virgin Orbit]] \|{{nts\|500}}<ref name=launcherone>{{cite web \|url=https://virginorbit.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ServiceGuide_Sept2019.pdf \|title=Launcher One Service Gide \|year=2019 \|publisher=Virgin Orbit \|accessdate=2019-12-18 \|quote=''Spacecraft mass-to-orbit of up to 500 kg to LEO (low inclination, 200 km, 28 deg site)'' \|archive-date=2019-12-19 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219033854/https://virginorbit.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ServiceGuide_Sept2019.pdf \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> \|{{nts\|300}} to [[Sun synchronous orbit\|SSO]] \|1 Baris 483: \|{{RUS}} \|[[Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology\|MITT]] \|{{nts\|532}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://fas.org/spp/guide/russia/launch/start1.htm\|title=fas.org Start1\|website=Fas.org\|accessdate=7 February 2019\|archive-date=2016-08-13\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813222553/https://fas.org/spp/guide/russia/launch/start1.htm\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \|{{nts\|350}} to [[Sun synchronous orbit\|SSO]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/eros-b.htm\|title=EROS B\|website=Space.skyrocket.de\|accessdate=7 February 2019}}</ref> \|{{nts\|5}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/start-1.htm\|title=Start-1\|website=Space.skyrocket.de\|accessdate=7 February 2019}}</ref> Baris 496: {{cite web \|url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Minotaur_I_Fact.pdf \|title=Minotaur I Space Launch Vehicle—Fact Sheet \|year=2012 \|publisher=Orbital Sciences Corporation \|accessdate=2012-02-28 \|quote=''Spacecraft mass-to-orbit of up to 580 kg to LEO (28.5 deg, 185 km)'' }}</ref> \| \|{{nts\|11}}<ref name=minotaur1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.orbitalatk.com/flight-systems/space-launch-vehicles/minotaur/default.aspx \|title=Minotaur \|year=2018 \|publisher=Orbital Sciences Corporation \|accessdate=2018-02-07 \|quote=''To date, Minotaur I has conducted 11 missions with a 100% success rate, delivering 62 satellites into orbit.'' \|archive-date=2017-08-29 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829114223/http://www.orbitalatk.com/flight-systems/space-launch-vehicles/minotaur/default.aspx \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> \|Operasional \|2000 Baris 515: \|{{CHN}} \|[[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology\|CALT]] \|{{nts\|700}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://chinadailymail.com/2015/10/08/chinas-reveals-cz-11-anti-asat-rocket/\|title=China reveals CZ-11 anti-ASAT rocket\|date=8 October 2015\|website=Chinadailymail.com\|accessdate=7 February 2019\|archive-date=2019-02-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223194453/https://chinadailymail.com/2015/10/08/chinas-reveals-cz-11-anti-asat-rocket/\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \| \|{{nts\|3}} Baris 586: \| \| \|$15M(2020) <ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://firefly.com/launch-alpha/ \|title=Salinan arsip \|access-date=2020-11-04 \|archive-date=2021-02-24 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224060554/https://firefly.com/launch-alpha/ \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> \|- style="background:lightgrey;" Baris 626: \|{{JPN}}<br/>{{USA}}<!--Delta--> \|[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] \|{{nts\|1200}}<ref>[{{Cite web \|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta.htm \|title=astronautix.com, N-I- Delta] ~~{{webarchive~~\|access-date=2020-11-04 \|archive-date=2017-02-11 \|archive-url=https://~~www~~web.~~webcitation~~archive.org/~~6GnQRIrKc?url=~~web/20170211205640/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta.htm \|~~date~~dead-url=~~22 May 2013~~yes }}</ref> \| \|{{nts\|7}} Baris 803: {{Reflist}} ==~~Notes~~ Catatan == {{reflist\|group=note}} * Baris 809: * [[Kategori:Kendaraan peluncur ~~luar angkasa~~antariksa]] [[Kategori:Kendaraan peluncur satelit mikro]]