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{{paraphyletic group
|fossil_range={{long fossil range|Mesoproterozoic|saat0|Mesoproterozoikum–saat ini|ref=<ref name="butterfield">{{cite journal |author=N. J. Butterfield |year=2000 |title=''Bangiomorpha pubescens'' n. gen., n. sp.: implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes |journal=[[Paleobiology (journal)|Paleobiology]] |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=386–404 |url=http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/386 |doi=10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0386:BPNGNS>2.0.CO;2 |issn=0094-8373}}</ref>}}
|domain=[[Eukaryota]], [[Bacteria]]
|image=NSW seabed 1.JPG
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* [[Fungi]]}}
 
'''Alga''' atau '''ganggang''' adalah sekumpulan organisme [[autotrof]] maupun [[heterotrof]] (mixotrof) yang tidak memiliki organ dengan perbedaan fungsi yang nyata. Sebagian besar merupakan fototrof, yaitu memperoleh makanan dengan bantuan [[foton]] (cahaya), namuntetapi ada pula yang memperoleh nutrisi melalui kombinasi fototrof dengan osmotrof (memperoleh nutrisi dengan osmosis), myzotrof (memperoleh nutrisi dengan menghisap sel lain), [[Fagositosis|phagotrof]] (memperoleh nutrisi dengan memangsa partikel). Penggolongan alga secara tersendiri dibedakan dari tumbuhan Karena tidak memiliki "[[organ]]" seperti yang dimiliki [[tumbuhan]] ([[akar]], [[batang]], [[daun]], dan sebagainya). Karena itu, alga pernah digolongkan pula sebagai [[tumbuhan]] ber[[talus]]. Alga merupakan jenis tanaman non-vaskuler yang melakukan [[fotosintesis]]. Alga memiliki klorofil a serta memiliki sistem [[reproduksi]] yang sederhana. Alga dapat dikelompok atas 2 bagian, yaitu alga makro dan alga mikro.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tampanguma, dkk.|first=|date=2017|title=Identifikasi Jenis Alga Koralin di Pulau Salawati, Waigeo Barat Kepulauan Raja Ampat dan Pantai Malalayang Kota Manado|url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/124871-ID-identifikasi-jenis-alga-koralin-di-pulau.pdf|journal=Jurnal Pesisir dan Laut Tropis|volume=1|issue=1|pages=9|doi=}}</ref>
 
Istilah '''ganggang''' pernah dipakai bagi alga, namun sekarang tidak dianjurkan karena dapat menyebabkan kekacauan arti dengan sejumlah tumbuhan yang hidup di air lainnya, seperti ''[[Hydrilla]]''.
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=== Alga prokariotik ===
Alga biru-hijau kini dimasukkan sebagai [[bakteri]] sehingga dinamakan [[Cyanobacteria]] ("bakteri biru-hijau", dulu disebut ''Cyanophyceae'', "alga biru-hijau") Dengan demikian, sebutan "alga" menjadi tidak valid. ''Cyanobacteria'' memiliki struktur sel [[prokariotik]] seperti halnya bakteri, namuntetapi mampu melakukan [[fotosintesis]] langsung karena memiliki [[klorofil]].
 
Sebelumnya, alga ini bersama bakteri masuk ke dalam [[kerajaan (biologi)|kerajaan]] [[Monera]]. Akan tetapi dalam perkembangan selanjutnya diketahui bahwa ia lebih banyak memiliki karakteristik bakteri sehingga dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok bakteri benar (''[[Eubacteria]]''). Sebagai tambahan, beberapa kelompok organisme yang sebelumnya dimasukkan sebagai bakteri, sekarang malah dipisahkan menjadi kerajaan tersendiri, ''[[Archaea]]''.
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** '''Filum''' [[Dinophyta]] (atau Dinoflagellata)
 
== ReferensiManfaat alga ==
 
=== Sumber Utama Energi dan Makanan ===
Manfaat utama algae yang sangat diperlukan sebagai bagian dari penghasil utama bahan organik dan rantai makanan didalam suatu [[ekosistem]] perairan.{{Sfn|Rasyid|2004|p=10}}
 
=== Makanan Manusia ===
Alga telah digunakan sebagai bahan makanan sejak ratusan [[tahun]] yang lalu. Lebih dari 100 jenis algae yang telah digunakan sebagai bahan makanan di berbagai belahan dunia, karena alga engandung sejumlah [[mineral]], vitamin, [[karbohidrat]] dan protein.{{Sfn|Rasyid|2004|p=10}}
 
=== Obat-Obatan ===
Alga merah Diginea simplex merupakan menjadi salah satu bahan utama dalam pembuatan [[obat-obatan]]. "Tse-ko-Tsoi" merupakan salah satu jenis obat cacing yang berasa dari Cina Selatan. Algae juga telah digunakan manusia untuk pengobatan penyakit ginjal, kandung kemih dan paru-paru.{{Sfn|Rasyid|2004|p=14}}
 
== Referensi dan daftar pustaka ==
{{Reflist|28em}}
{{cite journal|last=Rasyid|first=Abdullah|date=2004|title=Berbagai Manfaat Alga|url=http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxix(3)9-15.pdf|journal=Oseana|volume=29|issue=4|pages=9–15|doi=|issn=0216-1877|ref={{sfnref|Rasyid|2004}}|url-status=live}}
 
== Bibliografi ==
Baris 101 ⟶ 113:
* Fritsch, F.E. (1935/1945). ''The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae''. I. and II. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
* van den Hoek, C., D.G. Mann, and H.M. Jahns (1995). ''Algae: an introduction to phycology''. Cambridge University Press (623 pp).
* {{cite book|last = Lembi|first = C.A.|last2 = Waaland|first2 = J.R.|title = Algae and Human Affairs|url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521321150|year = 1988|publisher = Cambridge University Press|location = Cambridge|isbn = 978-0-521-32115-0 }}
* {{cite book|last = Mumford|first = T F|last2 = Miura|first2 = A|editor-last = Lembi|editor-first = C A|editor2-last = Waaland|editor2-first = J R|title = Algae and Human Affairs|url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521321150|year = 1988|publisher = Cambridge University Press|isbn = 978-0-521-32115-0|pages = 87–117[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521321150/page/87 87]–117|contribution = ''Porphyra'' as food: cultivation and economic }}.
* {{cite book|last = Round|first = F E|title = The Ecology of Algae|url = https://archive.org/details/ecologyofalgae0000roun|year = 1981|publisher = Cambridge University Press|location = London|isbn = 978-0-521-22583-0 }}
* Smith, G.M. (1938). [https://archive.org/details/cryptogamicbotan031880mbp ''Cryptogamic Botany'', vol. 1]. McGraw-Hill, New York.
 
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* {{cite book|last = Hardy|first = F G|last2 = Aspinall|first2 = R J|title = An Atlas of the Seaweeds of Northumberland and Durham|year = 1988|publisher = Northumberland Biological Records Centre|location = The Hancock Museum, University Newcastle upon Tyne|isbn = 978-0-9509680-5-6 }}
* {{cite book|last = Hardy|first = F G|last2 = Guiry|first2 = Michael D|last3 = Arnold|first3 = Henry R|title = A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland|edition = Revised|year = 2006|publisher = British Phycological Society|location = London|isbn = 978-3-906166-35-3 }}
* {{cite book|last = John|first = D M|last2 = Whitton|first2 = B A|last3 = Brook|first3 = J A|title = The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles|url = https://archive.org/details/freshwateralgalf0000unse|year = 2002|publisher = Cambridge University Press|location = Cambridge, UK; New York|isbn = 978-0-521-77051-4 }}
* {{cite book|last=Knight|first=Margery|last2=Parke|first2=Mary W|title=Manx Algae: An Algal Survey of the South End of the Isle of Man|year=1931|location=Liverpool|publisher=University Press|series=Liverpool Marine Biology Committee (LMBC) Memoirs on Typical British Marine Plants & Animals|volume=XXX}}
* {{cite book|last=Morton|first=Osborne|year=1994|title=Marine Algae of Northern Ireland|location=Belfast|publisher=Ulster Museum|isbn=978-0-900761-28-7}}
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;Australia
* {{cite book|last = Huisman|first = J M|title = Marine Plants of Australia|url = https://archive.org/details/marineplantsofau0000huis|year = 2000|publisher = University of Western Australian (UWA) Press|isbn = 978-1-876268-33-6 }}
 
;Selandia Baru
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;Eropa
* {{cite book|last1 = Cabioc'h|first1 = Jacqueline|last2 = Floc'h|first2 = Jean-Yves|last3 = Le Toquin|first3 = Alain|last4 = Boudouresque|first4 = Charles-François|last5 = Meinesz|first5 = Alexandre|last6 = Verlaque|first6 = Marc|title = Guide des algues des mers d'Europe: Manche/Atlantique-Méditerranée|url = https://archive.org/details/guidedesalguesde0000unse|year = 1992|publisher = Delachaux et Niestlé|location = Lausanne, Suisse|language = French|isbn = 978-2-603-00848-5 }}
* {{cite book|title=Les Algues de côtes françaises (manche et atlantique), notions fondamentales sur l'écologie, la biologie et la systématique des algues marines|first=Paulette|last= Gayral|language= French|location=Paris|publisher=Doin, Deren et Cie|year=1966}}
* {{cite book|last = Guiry|first = M.D.|last2 = Blunden|first2 = G.|title = Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential|url = https://archive.org/details/seaweedresources0000unse|year = 1991|publisher = John Wiley & Sons|isbn = 978-0-471-92947-5 }}
* {{cite book|last=Míguez Rodríguez|first=Luís|year=1998|title=Algas mariñas de Galicia: bioloxía, gastronomía, industria|language=Galician|publisher=Edicións Xerais de Galicia|location=[[Vigo]]|isbn=978-84-8302-263-4}}
* {{cite book|last = Otero|first = J.|title = Guía das macroalgas de Galicia|year = 2002|publisher = Baía Edicións|location = [[A Coruña]]|language = Galician|isbn = 978-84-89803-22-0 }}
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;Amerika Utara
* {{cite book|last2 = Hollenberg|first2=G.J.|last = Abbott|first = I.A.|title = Marine Algae of California|url = https://archive.org/details/marinealgaeofcal0000unse|year = 1976|publisher = Stanford University Press|location = California|isbn = 978-0-8047-0867-8 }}
* {{cite book|last=Greeson|first= Phillip E.|year= 1982|title=An annotated key to the identification of commonly occurring and dominant genera of Algae observed in the Phytoplankton of the United States|publisher=US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey|location=Washington, D.C.|url=http://www.archive.org/details/annotatedkeytoid00gree|accessdate=19 December 2008}}
* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first= William Randolph|year=1969|origyear=1937, 1957, 1962|title=Marine Algae of the Northeastern Coast of North America|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location= Ann Arbor|isbn=978-0-472-04904-2}}
* {{cite book|last = Wehr|first = J D|last2 = Sheath|first2 = R G|title = Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification|url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780127415505|year = 2003|publisher = Academic Press|location = US|isbn = 978-0-12-741550-5 }}
{{Refend}}
 
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* {{cite web|title=Australian Freshwater Algae (AFA)|publisher=Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW Botanic Gardens Trust|url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/hot_science_topics/australian_freshwater_algae2|accessdate=19 December 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230140015/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/hot_science_topics/australian_freshwater_algae2| archivedate= 30 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
* {{cite web|title=Freshwater Algae Research|publisher=Phycology Section, Patrick Center for Environmental Research|year=2011|url=http://diatom.ansp.org/|accessdate=17 December 2011}}
* {{cite web|title=Monterey Bay Flora|publisher=Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)|date=1996–2008|accessdate=20 December 2008|url=http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/flora/mflora.htm|archive-date=2009-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125102348/http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/flora/mflora.htm|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite web|url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html|title= Index Nominum Algarum (INA)|first=Paul|last=Silva|date=1997–2004|publisher=University Herbarium, University of California|location=Berkeley|accessdate=19 December 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081223172950/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html| archivedate= 23 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
* [http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=52 Algae: Protists with Chloroplasts]
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* [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/glossaries/algae/index.html Algae glossary (Australian Biological Resources Study).]
* {{cite web|title=About Algae|publisher=Natural History Museum, United Kingdom|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/biodiversity/uk-biodiversity/algaevision/about-algae/index.html}}
* EnAlgae [http://www.enalgae.eu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904213844/http://www.enalgae.eu/ |date=2014-09-04 }}
 
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