Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat''' ({{lang-en|First Lady of the United States}}) adalah [[gelar]] bagi nyonya rumah [[Gedung Putih]]. Karena posisi ini secara tradisi diisi oleh [[istri]] [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]], gelar ini lebih sering diberikan bagi istri presiden yang sedang menjabat. Namun, ada beberapa perempuan yang bukan istri presiden yang mendapat gelar ini, jika presiden adalah seorang lajang atau duda, atau jika istri presiden tidak dapat memenuhi tugas-tugas sebagai [[ibu negara]]. Pada kasus-kasus ini, posisi tersebut diisi oleh kerabat atau teman perempuan dari presiden. Sejak [[20 Januari|20 Januari 2021 posisi ini dipegang oleh [[Jill Biden.]].

| '''[[Martha Washington|Martha Custis Washington]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthawashington/ |title=Biography of Martha Washington |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022144124/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthawashington/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 |title=First Lady Biography: Martha Washington |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-06-30 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630070333/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />([[née]] Dandridge)

| '''[[Abigail Adams]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailadams/ |title=Biography of Abigail Adams |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080354/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailadams/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=2 |title=First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2019-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531071833/http://firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=2 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Smith)

| '''[[Martha Jefferson Randolph|Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson]]'''<ref name="WH-MarthaJeff">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthajefferson/ |title=Biography of Martha Jefferson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080338/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthajefferson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-MarthaJeff">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=3 |title=First Lady Biography: Martha Jefferson |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009215359/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=3 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Wayles)

| '''[[Dolley Madison|Dolley Todd Madison]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/dolleymadison/ |title=Biography of Dolley Madison |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080523/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/dolleymadison/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=4 |title=First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509065835/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=4 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Payne)

| '''[[Elizabeth Kortright Monroe|Elizabeth Monroe]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizabethmonroe/ |title=Biography of Elizabeth Monroe |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080110/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizabethmonroe/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=5 |title=First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090316/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=5 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Kortright)

| '''[[Louisa Adams|Louisa Catherine Adams]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louisaadams/ |title=Biography of Louisa Adams |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080515/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louisaadams/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=6 |title=First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084559/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=6 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Johnson)

| '''[[Rachel Jackson|Rachel Robards Jackson]]'''<ref name="WH-RachelJack">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/racheljackson/ |title=Biography of Rachel Jackson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080104/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/racheljackson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-RachelJack">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 |title=First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085046/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Donelson)

| '''[[Hannah Van Buren]]'''<ref name="WH-Hannahvan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hannahvanburen/ |title=Biography of Hannah Van Buren |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080129/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hannahvanburen/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-Hannahvan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 |title=First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009205029/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Hoes)

| '''[[Anna Harrison]]'''<ref name="WH-AnnaHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/annaharrison/ |title=Biography of Anna Harrison |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080042/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/annaharrison/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-AnnaHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=9 |title=First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009221313/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=9 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Tuthill Symmes)

| '''[[Letitia Christian Tyler|Letitia Tyler]]'''<ref name="WH-LetitiaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/letitiatyler/ |title=Biography of Letitia Tyler |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080214/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/letitiatyler/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-LetitiaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=10 |title=First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930130947/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=10 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Christian)

| '''[[Julia Gardiner Tyler|Julia Tyler]]'''<ref name="WH-JuliaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliatyler/ |title=Biography of Julia Tyler |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080619/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliatyler/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-JuliaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=11 |title=First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083646/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Gardiner)

| '''[[Sarah Polk]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/sarahpolk/ |title=Biography of Sarah Polk |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080244/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/sarahpolk/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=12 |title=First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090200/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=12 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Childress)

| '''[[Margaret Taylor]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/margarettaylor/ |title=Biography of Margaret Taylor |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080220/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/margarettaylor/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=13 |title=First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083417/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=13 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Mackall Smith)

| '''[[Abigail Fillmore]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailfillmore/ |title=Biography of Abigail Fillmore |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080633/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailfillmore/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=14 |title=First Lady Biography: Abigail Fillmore |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083727/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=14 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Powers)

| '''[[Jane Pierce]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/janepierce/ |title=Biography of Jane Pierce |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080119/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/janepierce/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=15 |title=First Lady Biography: Jane Pierce |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085342/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=15 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Means Appleton)

| '''[[Harriet Lane]]'''<ref name="WH-HarrietLane">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/harrietlane/ |title=Biography of Harriet Lane |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080502/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/harrietlane/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-HarrietLane">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=16 |title=First Lady Biography: Harriet Lane |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012072834/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=16 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

| '''[[Mary Todd Lincoln]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marylincoln/ |title=Biography of Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080258/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marylincoln/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=17 |title=First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090243/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=17 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Todd)

| '''[[Eliza McCardle Johnson|Eliza Johnson]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizajohnson/ |title=Biography of Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080056/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizajohnson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=18 |title=First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090052/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=18 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née McCardle)

| '''[[Julia Grant|Julia Boggs Grant]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliagrant/ |title=Biography of Julia Grant |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080147/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliagrant/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=19 |title=First Lady Biography: Julia Grant |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083629/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=19 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Dent)

| '''[[Lucy Hayes|Lucy Ware Hayes]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/lucyhayes/ |title=Biography of Lucy Hayes |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080009/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/lucyhayes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=20 |title=First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083743/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Webb)

| '''[[Lucretia Rudolph Garfield|Lucretia Garfield]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/lucretiagarfield/ |title=Biography of Lucretia Garfield |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=21 |title=First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085321/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Rudolph)

| '''[[Ellen Arthur|Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur]]'''<ref name="WH-EllenArt">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ellenarthur/ |title=Biography of Ellen Arthur |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-EllenArt">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=22 |title=First Lady Biography: Ellen Arthur |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020013440/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=22 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Lewis Herndon)

| '''[[Frances Cleveland|Frances Clara Cleveland]]'''<ref name="WH-FrancesCleve">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/francescleveland/ |title=Biography of Frances Cleveland |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080330/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/francescleveland/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-FrancesCleve">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=23 |title=First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009204412/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Folsom; later Preston)

| '''[[Caroline Harrison|Caroline Lavinia Harrison]]'''<ref name="WH-CarolineHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/carolineharrison/ |title=Biography of Caroline Harrison |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080030/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/carolineharrison/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-CarolineHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=24 |title=First Lady Biography: Caroline Harrison |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085227/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=24 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Scott)

| '''[[Ida McKinley]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/idamckinley/ |title=Biography of Ida McKinley |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080250/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/idamckinley/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=25 |title=First Lady Biography: Ida McKinley |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083805/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=25 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Saxton)

| '''[[Edith Roosevelt|Edith Kermit Roosevelt]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithroosevelt/ |title=Biography of Edith Roosevelt |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080305/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithroosevelt/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=26 |title=First Lady Biography: Edith Roosevelt |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090123/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=26 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Carow)

| '''[[Helen Taft|Helen Louise Taft]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/helentaft/ |title=Biography of Helen Taft |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080435/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/helentaft/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=27 |title=First Lady Biography: Helen Taft |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083454/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=27 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Herron)

| '''[[Ellen Wilson|Ellen Louise Wilson]]'''<ref name="WH-EllenWil">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ellenwilson/ |title=Biography of Ellen Wilson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080538/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ellenwilson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-EllenWil">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=28 |title=First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009085710/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=28 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Axson)

| '''[[Edith Wilson|Edith Galt Wilson]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithwilson/ |title=Biography of Edith Wilson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080323/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithwilson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=29 |title=First Lady Biography: Edith Wilson |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090156/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=29 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Bolling)

| '''[[Florence Harding|Florence Mabel deWolfe Harding]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/florenceharding/ |title=Biography of Florence Harding |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080345/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/florenceharding/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=30 |title=First Lady Biography: Florence Harding |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509065941/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=30 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Kling)

| '''[[Grace Coolidge|Grace Anna Coolidge]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/gracecoolidge/ |title=Biography of Grace Coolidge |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080155/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/gracecoolidge/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=31 |title=First Lady Biography: Grace Coolidge |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090512/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=31 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Goodhue)

| '''[[Lou Hoover]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louhoover/ |title=Biography of Lou Hoover |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080600/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louhoover/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=32 |title=First Lady Biography: Lou Hoover |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084107/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=32 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Henry)

| '''[[Eleanor Roosevelt|Anna Eleanor Roosevelt]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/eleanorroosevelt/ |title=Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080139/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/eleanorroosevelt/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=33 |title=First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2020-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429132617/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=33 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Roosevelt)

| '''[[Bess Truman|Elizabeth Virginia Truman]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/besstruman/ |title=Biography of Bess Truman |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080530/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/besstruman/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=34 |title=First Lady Biography: Bess Truman |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090543/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=34 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Wallace)

| '''[[Mamie Eisenhower|Mamie Geneva Eisenhower]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/mamieeisenhower/ |title=Biography of Mamie Eisenhower |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827190715/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/mamieeisenhower/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=35 |title=First Lady Biography: Mamie Eisenhower |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509065906/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=35 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Doud)

| '''[[Jacqueline Kennedy|Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/jacquelinekennedy/ |title=Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080237/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/jacquelinekennedy/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=36 |title=First Lady Biography: Jackie Kennedy |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2017-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523150207/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=36 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Bouvier, kemudian Onassis)

| '''[[Lady Bird Johnson|Claudia "Lady Bird" Alta Johnson]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ladybirdjohnson/ |title=Biography of Lady Bird Johnson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080610/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ladybirdjohnson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=37 |title=First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084142/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=37 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Taylor)

| '''[[Pat Nixon|Thelma "Pat" Catherine Nixon]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/patnixon/ |title=Biography of Pat Nixon |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080037/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/patnixon/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38 |title=First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084238/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Ryan)

| '''[[Betty Ford|Elizabeth "Betty" Ann Warren Ford]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/bettyford/ |title=Biography of Betty Ford |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080509/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/bettyford/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=39 |title=First Lady Biography: Betty Ford |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084814/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=39 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Bloomer)

| '''[[Rosalynn Carter|Eleanor Rosalynn Carter]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/rosalynncarter/ |title=Biography of Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306061626/https://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/rosalynncarter/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=40 |title=First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509071718/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=40 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Smith)

| '''[[Nancy Reagan|Nancy Davis Reagan]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/nancyreagan/ |title=Biography of Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080641/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/nancyreagan/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41 |title=First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085730/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Robbins, Davis)

| '''[[Barbara Bush]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/barbarabush/ |title=Biography of Barbara Bush |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303162751/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/barbarabush/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=42 |title=First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303162751/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=42 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Pierce)

| '''[[Hillary Clinton|Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hillaryclinton/ |title=Biography of Hillary Clinton |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080554/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hillaryclinton/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=43 |title=First Lady Biography: Hillary Clinton |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204023/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=43 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Rodham)

| '''[[Laura Bush|Laura Lane Bush]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/laurabush/ |title=Biography of Laura Bush |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122234108/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/laurabush/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=44 |title=First Lady Biography: Laura Bush |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085633/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=44 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Welch)

| '''[[Michelle Obama|Michelle LaVaughn Obama]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/michelle_obama/ |title=Biography of Laura Bush |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67AwtrOX5?url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/first-lady-michelle-obama/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=45 |title=First Lady Biography: Michelle Obama |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509081758/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=45 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Robinson)

* [http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/ Biographies of the First Ladies of the United States of America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310120128/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/ |date=2020-03-10 }} – [[National First Ladies' Library]]