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{{About|teolog dan pilomatikpolimatik abad ke-12|dokter dan polimatik abad ke-10|Muhammad bin Zakariya ar-Razi|kegunaan lain|Ar-Razi}}▼
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{{Sedang ditulis}}
▲{{About|teolog dan pilomatik abad ke-12|dokter dan polimatik abad ke-10|Muhammad bin Zakariya ar-Razi|kegunaan lain|Ar-Razi}}
{{Infobox religious biography
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<!-- Information -->
|name = Fakhruddin Arar-Razi
|title= [[Shaykh al-Islām]],<br/> al-Fakhr alar-Razi,<br/> [[Sultan]] [[Ilmu Kalam|al-Mutakallimin]] (Sultan para Teolog),<ref name="Adamson2016">{{cite book|author=Peter Adamson|title=Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KEpRDAAAQBAJ|date=7 July 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-957749-1|page=315|access-date=2021-01-19|archive-date=2023-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205005719/https://books.google.com/books?id=KEpRDAAAQBAJ|dead-url=no}}</ref><br/> anddan Imam oratau ShaykhSyekh al-Mushakkikin (the Imam oratau TeacherGuru of thekaum SkepticsSkeptis).<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Islam and Other Religions: Pathways to Dialogue|author=Omar, Irfan|date=2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781317998525|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTDcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|page=113|access-date=2017-12-02|archive-date=2023-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717140243/https://books.google.com/books?id=wTDcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| religion = [[Islam]]
|birth_date = 26 Januari 1150
Baris 20 ⟶ 18:
|death_place= [[Herat (kota)|Herat]], Afganistan
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
|jurisprudence = [[ShafiMazhab Syafi'i|Syafi'i]]<ref name="YounusMirza">{{Cite journal|title = Was Ibn Kathīr the 'Spokesperson' for Ibn Taymiyya? Jonah as a Prophet of Obedience|url = http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jqs.2014.0130|journal = Journal of Qur'anic Studies|date = 2014-02-01|issn = 1465-3591|page = 1|volume = 16|issue = 1|doi = 10.3366/jqs.2014.0130|last1 = Mirza|first1 = Younus Y.|access-date = 2021-01-19|archive-date = 2022-12-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221225092154/https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jqs.2014.0130|dead-url = no}}</ref>
|creed = [[AshAsy'ariyah|Asy'ari]]<ref name="YounusMirza"/><ref>[[Ovamir Anjum]], Politics, Law, and Community in Islamic Thought: The Taymiyyan Moment, p 143. {{ISBN|1107014069}}</ref>
|region = [[Persia Raya|Persia]]
|notable idea =
|main_interests = [[Tafsir]], [[PrinciplesUshul of Islamic jurisprudenceFikih]], [[RhetoricRetorika]], [[Ilmu kalam|Kalam]], [[IslamicFilsafat PhilosophyIslam]], [[LogicLogika]], [[AstronomyAstronomi]], [[CosmologyKosmologi]], [[OntologyOntologi]], [[ChemistryKimia]], [[PhysicsFisika]], [[MedicineKedokteran]], [[AnatomyAnatomi]]
|influences = [[Abu Abdullah Muhammad asy-Syafi'i|Asy-Syafi'i]], [[Abu al-Hasan al-AshAsy'ari]], [[IbnIbnu Furak]], [[Al-Ghazali]], [[Imam Al-JuwayniHaramain]]
|influenced = [[Athir al-DinAtsiruddin al-Abhari]], [[NizamNizamuddin al-Din alan-Nisapuri]], [[BurhanBurhanuddin al-Din alan-Nasafi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/borhan-al-din-nasafi-abul-fazael-mohammad-b|title=BORHĀN-AL-DĪN NASAFĪ|publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]|website=iranicaonline.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029001335/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/borhan-al-din-nasafi-abul-fazael-mohammad-b|archive-date=29 Oct 2020|quote=In spite of his adherence to the Hanafite school of law, he clearly inclined to Asḥʿarism in theology and was an admirer of Ḡazālī and Faḵr-al-Dīn Rāzī.}}</ref> [[Shihab al-DinSyihabuddin al-Qarafi]], [[TajTajuddin al-Din alas-SubkiSubuki]], [[Al-Safadi]], [[IbnIbnu Abi UsaybiUsaibi'a]], [[AlJalaluddin as-Suyuthi|As-SuyutiSuyuthi]], Sa'id Foudah
|works = ''[[Tafsir Arar-Razi]]'', ''[[Asas al-Taqdis]]''
}}
'''Fakhruddin Arar-Razi''' ({{lang-fa|فخر الدين رازي}}) ({{lahirmati|[[Ray, Iran|Ray]], [[Iran]]|26|1|1150|[[Herat]], [[Afganistan]]|29|3|1210}}) sering dikenal dengan julukan '''Sultanul Mutakallimin''' adalah seorang ilmuwan muslim berkebangsaan [[Bangsa Persia|Persia]]<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Hockey|editor1-first=Thomas|editor2-last=Trimble|editor2-first=V.|editor3-last=Williams|editor3-first=Th.R.|editor4-last=Bracher|editor4-first=K.|editor5-last=Jarrell|editor5-first=R.|editor6-last=Marché|editor6-first=J.D.|editor7-last=Ragep|editor7-first=F.J.|title=Biographical encyclopedia of astronomers|date=2014|isbn=978-1-4419-9918-4|page=692|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Frye|editor1-first=R.N.|title=The Cambridge history of Iran, Volume 4|date=1975|publisher=Cambridge U.P.|location=London|isbn=978-0-521-20093-6|page=480|edition=Repr.}}</ref> [[polimatik]], [[sarjana muslim]]<ref>Richard Maxwell Eaton, ''The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760'', University of California Press,1996, - Page 29</ref><ref>Shaikh M. Ghazanfar, ''Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the Great Gap in European Economics'', Routledge, 2003 [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415297788&id=2PW9ZhrASK4C&pg=RA1-PA90&lpg=RA1-PA90&ots=WMuPmEb8hs&dq=fakhr+razi+persian+scholar&sig=gLZVzSUV-lN2fZiMcxEY-vh-pck]</ref> dan pelopor [[logika induktif]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIJspscleLAC&q=Fakhr+al-Din+al-Razi+father+pioneer&pg=PA239|title = Philosophy|access-date=2021-01-19|archive-date=2023-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717140212/https://books.google.com/books?id=NIJspscleLAC&q=Fakhr+al-Din+al-Razi+father+pioneer&pg=PA239|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dia menulis berbagai karya di bidang [[obat-obatan]], [[kimia]], [[fisika]], [[astronomi]], [[kosmologi]], [[literatur]], [[teologi]], [[ontologi]], [[filsafat]], [[sejarah]] dan [[fikih]]. Dia adalah salah satu pendukung dan skeptis paling awal yang muncul dengan konsep [[Multiverse]], dan membandingkannya dengan astronomi Al-Qur'an.<ref name="Cooper">{{citation|title=al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)|encyclopedia=[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|author=John Cooper|date=1998|publisher=[[Routledge]]|url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm|access-date=2010-03-07|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226050038/http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=Setia>{{citation|title=Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi on Physics and the Nature of the Physical World: A Preliminary Survey|author=Adi Setia|journal=Islam & Science|volume=2|date=2004|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0QYQ/is_2_2/ai_n9532826/|access-date=2010-03-02|archive-date=2012-07-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710164222/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0QYQ/is_2_2/ai_n9532826/|dead-url=no}}</ref> SeorangSebagai seorang penolak model [[geosentrisme]] dan gagasan [[Aristotelianisme]] tentang [[alam semesta]] tunggal yang berputar di sekitar satu dunia, AlAr-Razi berargumen tentang keberadaan [[luar angkasa]] di luar dunia yang diketahui.<ref name=Setia/><ref name="universe">{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Matt|title=What Is The Geocentric Model Of The Universe?|url=https://www.universetoday.com/32607/geocentric-model/|quote=This was followed by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s (1149–1209) publication of his treatise Matalib, which dealt with conceptual physics. In it, he rejected the notion of the Earth’s centrality within the universe and instead proposed a cosmology in which there were a “thousand thousand worlds beyond this world…”|website=Universe Today|date=11 January 2016|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=2023-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526160720/https://www.universetoday.com/32607/geocentric-model/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
TwoAr-Razi lahir di [[Ray, Iran|Ray]], [[Iran]], dan meninggal di [[Herat]], [[Afganistan]]. Ia meninggalkan korpus yang sangat kaya akan karya filsafat dan teologi yang mengungkapkan pengaruh dari karya [[Avicenna]], [[Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī]] dan [[al-Ghazali]]. ofDua hiskaryanya worksyang titledberjudul ''Mabāhith al-mashriqiyya fī ‘ilm al-ilāhiyyāt wa-'l-tabi‘iyyāt'' (''Eastern Studies in Metaphysics and Physics'') anddan ''al-Matālib al-‘Aliya'' (''The Higher Issues'') are usually regarded asbiasanya hisdianggap mostsebagai importantkarya philosophicalfilsafat workspenting.<ref name=Routledge>{{cite book|editor1-last=Taylor|editor1-first=Richard|editor2-last=Lopez-farjeat|editor2-first=Luis Xavier|title=The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy|date=2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9780415881609|page=9|chapter=God and Creation in al-Razi's Commentary on the Qur'an}}</ref>▼
Ar-Razi lahir di [[Rey, Iran]], dan meninggal di [[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]].
 
He left a very rich corpus of philosophical and theological works that reveals influence from the works of [[Avicenna]], [[Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī]] and [[al-Ghazali]].
== Konsep ketuhanan ==
▲Two of his works titled ''Mabāhith al-mashriqiyya fī ‘ilm al-ilāhiyyāt wa-'l-tabi‘iyyāt'' (''Eastern Studies in Metaphysics and Physics'') and ''al-Matālib al-‘Aliya'' (''The Higher Issues'') are usually regarded as his most important philosophical works.<ref name=Routledge>{{cite book|editor1-last=Taylor|editor1-first=Richard|editor2-last=Lopez-farjeat|editor2-first=Luis Xavier|title=The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy|date=2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9780415881609|page=9|chapter=God and Creation in al-Razi's Commentary on the Qur'an}}</ref>
Fakhruddin Ar-Razi menjelaskan konsep ketuhanan di dalam bukunya yang berjudul ''al-Masâil al-Khamsûn fi ushûl al-Dîn''. Pandangannya tentang ketuhanan dipengaruhi oleh mazhab [[Asy'ariyah]]. Ia meyakini bahwa Tuhan dapat dikatakan sebagai sesuatu. Kata "sesuatu" digunakannya hanya untuk menjelaskan tentang keniscayaan tentang adanya Allah dan tidak mempunyai arti lainnya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nuruddin|first=Muhammad|date=2021|title=Hal-Hal yang Membingungkan Seputar Tuhan|location=Depok|publisher=Keira|isbn=978-623-7754-64-0|pages=148|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
== BibliografiDaftar pustaka ==
Untuk kehidupan dan tulisannya, lihat:
* [[G.C. Anawati]], ''Fakhr al-Din al-Razi'' in ''The Encyclopedia of Islam'', 2nd edition, ed. by H.A.R. Gibbs, B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, C. Bosworth et al., 11 vols. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1960–2002) vol. 2, pp.&nbsp;751–5.
Baris 45 ⟶ 44:
* [[Manfred Ullmann]], ''Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Handbuch der Orientalistik,'' Abteilung I, Ergänzungsband VI, Abschnitt 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972), pp.&nbsp;388–390.
 
Untuk risalah nyarisalahnya tentang [[Fisiognomi]], lihat:
* [[Yusef Mourad]], ''La physiognomie arabe et le Kitab al-firasa de Fakhr al-Din al-Razi'' (Paris, 1939).
 
[[Kategori:Ilmuwan Muslim]]
 
 
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