United Fruit Company: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:1920UnitedFruitCompanyEntrance.jpg|jmpl|250px|ka|Pintu depan United Fruit Building di 321 St. Charles Avenue, [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]].]]
'''United Fruit Company''' adalah perusahaan [[Amerika Serikat]] yang memperdagangkan buah tropis, khususnya pisang, yang ditanam di Amerika Tengah dan Selatan, lalu dijual di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa. Perusahaan ini didirikan tahun 1899 melalui merger perdagangan pisang [[Minor C. Keith]] dan [[Boston Fruit Company]] milik [[Andrew W. Preston]]. Perusahaan ini mengalami masa-masa kejayaannya pada awal sampai pertengahan abad ke-20. Perusahaan ini menguasai banyak wilayah dan jaringan transportasi di Amerika Tengah, pesisir [[Kolombia]] yang berbatasan dengan [[Laut Karibia|Karibia]], [[Ekuador]], dan [[Karibia|Hindia Barat]]. Walaupun United Fruit bersaing dengan [[Standard Fruit Company]] (kelak bernama Dole Food Company) memperebutkan dominasi perdagangan pisang internasional, perusahaan ini memegang monopoli virtual di sejumlah kawasan, beberapa di antaranya disebut [[republik pisang]], seperti Costa Rica, Honduras, dan Guatemala.<ref name="Frederick Douglass Opie 2009">{{cite book |last=Opie |first=Frederick Douglass |date=July 2009 |title=Black Labor Migration in Caribbean Guatemala, 1882–1923 |url=https://archive.org/details/blacklabormigrat0000opie |series=Florida Work in the Americas |location= |publisher=[[University of Florida Press]] }}</ref>
Kehadiran United Fruit memberi dampak ekonomi dan politik yang sangat mendalam terhadap negara-negara Amerika Latin. Perusahaan ini dikritik karena melakukan [[neokolonialisme]] eksploitatif. Para kritikus juga menjadikan United Fruit sebagai contoh pengaruh [[perusahaan multinasional]] terhadap urusan dalam negeri sebuah [[republik pisang]]. Setelah mengalami kemerosotan finansial, United Fruit bergabung dengan AMK milik [[Eli M. Black]] tahun 1970 dan menjadi '''United Brands Company'''. Pada tahun 1984, [[Carl Lindner, Jr.]] mengubah United Brands menjadi [[Chiquita Brands International]] yang terus beroperasi sampai sekarang.
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| year =2007
| title = Jungle Capitalists
| url = https://archive.org/details/junglecapitalist0000chap
| publisher = [[Canongate Books]]
| location =
Baris 254 ⟶ 255:
| authorlink = Aviva Chomsky
| coauthors =
| year =▼
| title = West Indian Workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, 1870–1940
▲| year = 1996
| url = https://archive.org/details/westindianworker0000chom
| publisher = [[Louisiana State University Press]]
| location =
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}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.marad.dot.gov/sh/ShipHistory/Detail/11261 |title=''Tivives'' |author=Maritime Administration |date= |work=Ship History Database Vessel Status Card |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration |accessdate= |ref={{sfnref|MARAD Vessel Status Card: ''Tivives''}} |archive-date=2018-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106231428/https://www.marad.dot.gov/sh/ShipHistory/Detail/11261 |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite book
| last = McCann
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| year = 2005
| title = Breakfast of Biodiversity
| url = https://archive.org/details/breakfastofbiodi0000vand
| publisher = Institute of Food and Development Policy
| location = Oakland, CA
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* [http://www.democracynow.org/2009/7/21/from_arbenz_to_zelaya_chiquita_in From Arbenz to Zelaya: Chiquita in Latin America] – video report by ''Democracy Now!''
* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00103 United Fruit Company Photograph Collection at Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School]
* [http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?u29.105-u26-ead United Fruit Company Photographs]{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at the [http://lib.usf.edu University of South Florida]
* [http://audiovisuales.uned.ac.cr/mediateca/videos/122/banana-express Banana-Express] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613105111/http://audiovisuales.uned.ac.cr/mediateca/videos/122/banana-express |date=2011-06-13 }} animadoc about interactions between United Fruit Company's railroad in Costa Rica and the country development
* [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/ufruit.shtml The Fleets—United Fruit Company (TheShipsList)]
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