SpaceX Crew-3: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{short description|Misi penerbangan antariksa SpaceX}}
{{Kotak info penerbangan antariksa
| name
| image = SpaceX Crew-3 Preflight (NHQ202110270015).jpg
| image_caption = Roket Falcon 9 dan kapsul Crew Dragon ''Endurance'' di landasan peluncuran 39A menjelang peluncuran Crew-3
| mission_type = Misi berawak
| operator = [[SpaceX]]
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| mission_duration = {{time interval|11 November 2021 02:03:31|6 Mei 2022 04:43|show=dhm}}
| spacecraft = Crew Dragon C210 [[Crew Dragon Endurance|''Endurance'']]
| spacecraft_type = {{ComV|Crew Dragon|}}<ref name="UseTBD">With the [[Inspiration4]] mission, SpaceX Crew-3 is scheduled to use a new Dragon</ref>
| manufacturer = SpaceX
| launch_mass = {{cvt|12519|kg}}
| landing_mass = {{cvt|9616|kg}}
| crew_members = {{Ubl|[[Raja Chari]]|[[Thomas Marshburn]]|[[Matthias Maurer]]|[[Kayla Barron]]}}
|
| crew_photo = SpaceX Crew-3 (official portrait).jpg
| crew_photo_caption = (Kiri ke kanan) Raja Chari, Thomas Marshburn, Matthias Maurer, dan Kayla Barron
| launch_date = 11 November 2021, 02:03:31 UTC <ref name="nasa-20211111"/>
| launch_rocket = [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] ([[List of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters|B1067.2]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/spacex_crs-22_mision_overview_0.pdf |title=CRS-22 Mission Overview|access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref>
| launch_site = [[Pusat Antariksa Kennedy]], [[Kompleks Peluncuran 39A Pusat Antariksa Kennedy|LC-39A]]
| launch_contractor = [[SpaceX]]
| landing_date = 6 Mei 2022, 04:43 UTC<ref name="Indepcrew3landingweek">{{cite news |last1=Kelvey |first1=Jon |title=Nasa's Crew-3 astronauts set to return to Earth this week |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/nasa-crew3-return-earth-b2069979.html |access-date=3 May 2022 |work=The Independent |date=2 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| landing_site = [[Samudra Atlantik]]
| recovery_by =
|
| orbit_regime = [[Orbit Bumi rendah]]
| orbit_inclination = 51.66°
| apsis = gee
| docking = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
| docking_target = [[
| docking_type = Dock
| docking_port = ''[[Harmony (modul ISS)|Harmony]]'' bagian depan
| docking_date =
| undocking_date = Akhir April 2022 (rencana)
|
}}
<!--{{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
| docking_target = [[International Space Station|ISS]] (relocation){{efn|name=relocation|This relocation will happen only if [[Boeing Starliner]] comes for its 5 day [[Boeing Orbital Flight Test 2|OFT 2]] or the extended [[Boeing Crewed Flight Test]] (CFT) mission within this time period otherwise this will happen a month or 30 days before arrival of [[SpaceX Crew-4]] or 8 day SpaceX [[Axiom Mission 1|Axiom-1]] mission. From an orbital dynamics perspective, the forward port is easier to approach, and therefore new vehicles use this approach for their first live docking. The vehicles are scheduled to make its dock to ISS during their mission; therefore, Crew-3 will relocate to the zenith port to clear the forward port for next spacecraft that docks to IDA/PMA.|date=14 June 2021}}
| docking_type = dock
| docking_port = ''Harmony'' [[zenith]]
| docking_date = February 2022 (planned)
| undocking_date = Q2 2022 (planned)
| time_docked = 60-90 days (planned)
}}-->| insignia = SpaceX Crew-3 logo.svg
| insignia_caption = Logo misi SpaceX Crew-3
| programme
| previous_mission
| next_mission
| programme2 = '''[[SpaceX Dragon 2#Crew Dragon flights|Penerbangan Crew Dragon]]'''
| previous_mission2 = [[Inspiration4]]
|
}}
'''SpaceX Crew-3''' adalah misi penerbangan operasional ketiga dari program [[Program Commercial Crew|Commercial Crew]] [[NASA]] yang menggunakan wahana antariksa [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Crew Dragon]]. Secara keseluruhan, penerbangan ini juga akan menjadi penerbangan orbital dan komersial berawak [[NASA]] yang kelima. Misi ini rencananya akan diluncurkan pada 6 November 2021.<ref name="nasa-20211101"/> Pada sebuah acara pengarahan yang diselenggarakan oleh [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]] pada 2 Mei 2021, Steve Stich, manajer program [[Program Commercial Crew|Commercial Crew]] [[NASA]] mengatakan bahwa Crew-3 akan menggunakan wahana [[Crew Dragon]] baru yang kemudian pada 7 Oktober 2021 diberi nama [[Crew Dragon Endurance|Endurance]]. Misi ini akan membawa tiga astronaut [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]] dan satu astronaut [[European Space Agency|ESA]] ke [[Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional]] (ISS) untuk menjalani misi selama enam bulan.
== Penamaan kapsul ==
Mengikuti tradisi [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]] yang memberikan kebebasan kepada awak pertama dari sebuah kapsul antariksa untuk menamai kapsul yang akan mereka gunakan, para astronaut Crew-3 memutuskan untuk menamai kapsul [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Crew Dragon]] mereka [[Crew Dragon Endurance|Endurance]] yang dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]] memiliki arti 'ketahanan'. Salah satu astronaut, Raja Chari mengatakan bahwa nama itu dipilih untuk menghormati tim [[SpaceX]] dan [[Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat|NASA]] yang membangun kapsul tersebut dan melatih para astronaut yang akan menerbangkannya selama pandemi berlangsung. Nama itu juga untuk menghormati kapal dengan nama yang sama yang digunakan oleh Ekspedisi Trans-Antartika Shackleton yang tenggelam pada tahun 1915 setelah terjebak dalam es sebelum mencapai Antartika.
== Awak ==
Misi SpaceX Crew-3 ini akan mengirimkan astronaut [[ESA]] yang berkewarganegaraan [[Jerman]], yaitu Matthias Maurer. Dua antariksawan [[NASA]], [[Raja Chari]] dan [[Thomas Marshburn]] ditambahkan ke dalam daftar kru pada 14 Desember 2020. Kursi keempat [[Crew Dragon]] disediakan untuk [[kosmonaut]] Rusia yang mungkin akan bergabung ke dalam misi ini. Ini menandakan permulaan dari kesepakatan barter yang memungkinkan adanya pertukaran kursi antara pihak [[NASA]] dan [[Roscosmos]]. Meskipun demikian, pada April 2021 pelaksana tugas pimpinan [[NASA]], Steve Jurcyzk, mengatakan bahwa kesepakatan tersebut kemungkinan baru berjalan setelah peluncuran Crew-3.<ref name="SFN20210424">{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|title=NASA chief: Russian cosmonauts unlikely fly on U.S. crew capsules until next year|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/04/20/nasa-chief-russian-cosmonauts-unlikely-fly-on-u-s-crew-capsules-until-next-year/|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=2021-04-24}}</ref> Kursi keempat pun pada akhirnya diberikan kepada antariksawati [[NASA]], [[Kayla Barron]], pada Mei 2021.<ref name="Barron">{{Cite web|date=17 May 2021|title=Kayla Barron Joins NASA's SpaceX Crew-3 Mission to Space Station|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/kayla-barron-joins-nasa-s-spacex-crew-3-mission-to-space-station|publisher=NASA|access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref>
'''Awak utama'''{{
Spaceflight crew|terminology=Astronaut|crew3_up={{Flagicon|GER}} [[Matthias Maurer]]|expedition4_up=[[Ekspedisi 66]]|agency4_up=[[NASA]]|flights4_up=pertama|crew4_up={{Flagicon|USA}} [[Kayla Barron]]|position4=Spesialis Misi 2|expedition3_up=[[Ekspedisi 66]]|agency3_up=[[European Space Agency|ESA]]|flights3_up=pertama|position3=Spesialis Misi 1|position1=Komandan|expedition2_up=[[Ekspedisi 66]]|agency2_up=[[NASA]]|flights2_up=ketiga|crew2_up={{Flagicon|USA}} [[Thomas Marshburn]]|position2=Pilot|expedition1_up=[[Ekspedisi 66]]|agency1_up=[[NASA]]|flights1_up=pertama|crew1_up={{Flagicon|USA}} [[Raja Chari]]|crew=utama
|notes=<ref name="SN20201214">{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-assigns-astronauts-for-third-spacex-commercial-crew-mission/|title=NASA assigns astronauts for third SpaceX commercial crew mission|publisher=SpaceNews|date=14 December 2020|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="SF-Crew-3"/><ref name="Crew3Announcement"/><ref name="SFN20201229"/><ref name="Barron"/>
}}
'''Awak cadangan'''{{
Spaceflight crew|crew=Cadangan|terminology=Astronaut|position1=Komandan|crew1_up={{Flagicon|USA}} [[Kjell N. Lindgren]]|agency1_up=[[NASA]]|position2=Pilot|crew2_up={{Flagicon|USA}} [[Robert Hines (antariksawan)|Robert Hines]]|agency2_up=[[NASA]]|position3=Spesialis Misi 1|crew3_up={{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Samantha Cristoforetti]]|agency3_up=[[ESA]]|position4=Spesialis Misi 2|crew4_up={{Flagicon|USA}} [[Stephanie Wilson]]|agency4_up=[[NASA]]
|notes=<ref>{{cite web|last1=Whiting|first1=Melanie|title=Kjell N. Lindgren (M.D.) NASA Astronaut|url=https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/kjell-n-lindgren/biography|publisher=NASA|date=7 Maret 2016|access-date=7 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Hines NASA Astronaut|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/astronaut-candidate-bob-hines|publisher=NASA|date=26 April 2021|access-date=13 June 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1403769065194274818|user=AstroMarshburn|title=Had a great week in Cologne, Germany, home of our crewmate @astro_matthias Our backup, @Astro_Stephanie joined us f...|date=12 Juni 2021}}</ref>
}}
== Misi ==
Misi ini awalnya direncanakan meluncur pada 30 Oktober 2021.<ref name="nasa-20211019">{{cite web|last=Sempsrott|first=Danielle|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/10/19/nasa-spacex-adjust-next-crew-launch-date-to-space-station|title=NASA, SpaceX Adjust Next Crew Launch Date to Space Station|publisher=NASA|date=19 October 20 21|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref> Namun, peluncuran ditunda menjadi 3 November 2021 karena cuaca di Samudera Atlantik yang tidak mendukung.<ref name="nasa-20211030">{{cite web|last=Sempsrott|first=Danielle|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/10/30/nasa-spacex-adjust-next-space-station-crew-rotation-launch-date-2/|title=NASA, SpaceX Adjust Next Space Station Crew Rotation Launch Date|publisher=NASA|date=30 October 2021|access-date=30 October 2021}}</ref> Pada 1 November 2021 pihak NASA mengumumkan bahwa peluncuran ditunda lagi hingga 6 November 2021 karena masalah kesehatan minor pada salah satu anggota kru.<ref name="nasa-20211101">{{cite web|last=Sempsrott|first=Danielle|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/11/01/nasas-spacex-crew-3-launch-delayed-from-nov-3/|title=NASA’s SpaceX Crew-3 Launch Delayed from Nov. 3|publisher=NASA|date=1 November 2021|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref>Akan tetapi, karena keadaan cuaca yang masih tidak mendukung untuk peluncuran, jadwal peluncuran kembali ditunda hingga akhirnya Crew-3 meluncur pada 10 November 2021 pada pukul 9:03 p.m. EST.<ref name="nasa-20211111"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Margetta|first=Robert|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-spacex-crew-3-astronauts-headed-to-international-space-station|title= NASA’s SpaceX Crew-3 Astronauts Headed to International Space Station|publisher=NASA|date=11 November 2021|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
Matthias Maurer ditugaskan dalam misi pertamanya, Cosmic Kiss, sebagai astronaut [[ESA]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 December 2020|title=ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer officially assigned first flight|url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ESA_astronaut_Matthias_Maurer_officially_assigned_first_flight|website=esa.int|publisher=ESA|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref>
== Galeri ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
![[Berkas:SpaceX Crew-3 Commercial Crew Poster.jpg|pus|jmpl|Poster Promosi]]
![[Berkas:SpaceX Crew-3 Dry Dress Rehearsal (KSC-20211028-PH SPX02 0012).jpg|jmpl]]
![[Berkas:SpaceX Crew-3 Launch (NHQ202111100024).jpg|nirbing]]
|}
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="SF-Crew-3">{{cite web|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/crew-3.htm|title=Spaceflight mission report: SpaceX Crew-3|publisher=Space Facts|first=Joachim Wilhelm Josef|last=Becker|date=13 November 2020|access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Crew3Announcement">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-esa-choose-astronauts-for-spacex-crew-3-mission-to-space-station|title=NASA, ESA Choose Astronauts for SpaceX Crew-3 Mission to Space Station|last=Potter|first=Sean|publisher=NASA|date=14 December 2020|access-date=14 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
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<ref name="SFN20201229">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/12/29/three-astronauts-assigned-to-crew-dragon-mission-in-late-2021/|title=Three astronauts assigned to Crew Dragon mission in late 2021 |last=Clark|first=Stephen|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=29 December 2020|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>
}}
[[Kategori:Amerika Serikat dalam tahun 2021]]
[[Kategori:SpaceX Dragon 2]]
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