Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi

| '''[[Martha Washington|Martha Custis Washington]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthawashington/ |title=Biography of Martha Washington |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022144124/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthawashington/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 |title=First Lady Biography: Martha Washington |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-06-30 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630070333/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />([[née]] Dandridge)

| '''[[Abigail Adams]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailadams/ |title=Biography of Abigail Adams |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080354/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailadams/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=2 |title=First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2019-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531071833/http://firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=2 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Smith)

| '''[[Martha Jefferson Randolph|Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson]]'''<ref name="WH-MarthaJeff">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthajefferson/ |title=Biography of Martha Jefferson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080338/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marthajefferson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-MarthaJeff">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=3 |title=First Lady Biography: Martha Jefferson |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009215359/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=3 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Wayles)

| '''[[Dolley Madison|Dolley Todd Madison]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/dolleymadison/ |title=Biography of Dolley Madison |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080523/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/dolleymadison/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=4 |title=First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509065835/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=4 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Payne)

| '''[[Elizabeth Kortright Monroe|Elizabeth Monroe]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizabethmonroe/ |title=Biography of Elizabeth Monroe |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080110/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizabethmonroe/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=5 |title=First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090316/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=5 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Kortright)

| '''[[Louisa Adams|Louisa Catherine Adams]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louisaadams/ |title=Biography of Louisa Adams |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080515/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louisaadams/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=6 |title=First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084559/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=6 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Johnson)

| '''[[Rachel Jackson|Rachel Robards Jackson]]'''<ref name="WH-RachelJack">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/racheljackson/ |title=Biography of Rachel Jackson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080104/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/racheljackson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-RachelJack">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 |title=First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085046/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Donelson)

| '''[[Hannah Van Buren]]'''<ref name="WH-Hannahvan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hannahvanburen/ |title=Biography of Hannah Van Buren |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080129/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hannahvanburen/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-Hannahvan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 |title=First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009205029/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Hoes)

| '''[[Anna Harrison]]'''<ref name="WH-AnnaHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/annaharrison/ |title=Biography of Anna Harrison |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080042/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/annaharrison/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-AnnaHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=9 |title=First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009221313/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=9 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Tuthill Symmes)

| '''[[Letitia Christian Tyler|Letitia Tyler]]'''<ref name="WH-LetitiaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/letitiatyler/ |title=Biography of Letitia Tyler |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080214/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/letitiatyler/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-LetitiaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=10 |title=First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930130947/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=10 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Christian)

| '''[[Julia Gardiner Tyler|Julia Tyler]]'''<ref name="WH-JuliaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliatyler/ |title=Biography of Julia Tyler |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080619/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliatyler/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-JuliaTyler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=11 |title=First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083646/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Gardiner)

| '''[[Sarah Polk]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/sarahpolk/ |title=Biography of Sarah Polk |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080244/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/sarahpolk/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=12 |title=First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090200/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=12 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Childress)

| '''[[Margaret Taylor]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/margarettaylor/ |title=Biography of Margaret Taylor |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080220/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/margarettaylor/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=13 |title=First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083417/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=13 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Mackall Smith)

| '''[[Abigail Fillmore]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailfillmore/ |title=Biography of Abigail Fillmore |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080633/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/abigailfillmore/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=14 |title=First Lady Biography: Abigail Fillmore |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083727/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=14 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Powers)

| '''[[Jane Pierce]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/janepierce/ |title=Biography of Jane Pierce |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080119/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/janepierce/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=15 |title=First Lady Biography: Jane Pierce |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085342/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=15 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Means Appleton)

| '''[[Harriet Lane]]'''<ref name="WH-HarrietLane">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/harrietlane/ |title=Biography of Harriet Lane |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080502/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/harrietlane/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-HarrietLane">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=16 |title=First Lady Biography: Harriet Lane |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012072834/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=16 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

| '''[[Mary Todd Lincoln]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marylincoln/ |title=Biography of Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080258/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/marylincoln/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=17 |title=First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 9, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090243/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=17 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Todd)

| '''[[Eliza McCardle Johnson|Eliza Johnson]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizajohnson/ |title=Biography of Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080056/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/elizajohnson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=18 |title=First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090052/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=18 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née McCardle)

| '''[[Julia Grant|Julia Boggs Grant]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliagrant/ |title=Biography of Julia Grant |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080147/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/juliagrant/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=19 |title=First Lady Biography: Julia Grant |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083629/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=19 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Dent)

| '''[[Lucy Hayes|Lucy Ware Hayes]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/lucyhayes/ |title=Biography of Lucy Hayes |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080009/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/lucyhayes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=20 |title=First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083743/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Webb)

| '''[[Lucretia Rudolph Garfield|Lucretia Garfield]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/lucretiagarfield/ |title=Biography of Lucretia Garfield |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=21 |title=First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085321/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Rudolph)

| '''[[Ellen Arthur|Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur]]'''<ref name="WH-EllenArt">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ellenarthur/ |title=Biography of Ellen Arthur |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-EllenArt">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=22 |title=First Lady Biography: Ellen Arthur |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020013440/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=22 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Lewis Herndon)

| '''[[Frances Cleveland|Frances Clara Cleveland]]'''<ref name="WH-FrancesCleve">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/francescleveland/ |title=Biography of Frances Cleveland |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080330/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/francescleveland/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-FrancesCleve">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=23 |title=First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009204412/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Folsom; later Preston)

| '''[[Caroline Harrison|Caroline Lavinia Harrison]]'''<ref name="WH-CarolineHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/carolineharrison/ |title=Biography of Caroline Harrison |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080030/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/carolineharrison/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-CarolineHarr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=24 |title=First Lady Biography: Caroline Harrison |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085227/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=24 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Scott)

| '''[[Ida McKinley]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/idamckinley/ |title=Biography of Ida McKinley |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080250/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/idamckinley/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=25 |title=First Lady Biography: Ida McKinley |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083805/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=25 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Saxton)

| '''[[Edith Roosevelt|Edith Kermit Roosevelt]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithroosevelt/ |title=Biography of Edith Roosevelt |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080305/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithroosevelt/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=26 |title=First Lady Biography: Edith Roosevelt |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090123/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=26 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Carow)

| '''[[Helen Taft|Helen Louise Taft]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/helentaft/ |title=Biography of Helen Taft |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080435/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/helentaft/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=27 |title=First Lady Biography: Helen Taft |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083454/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=27 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Herron)

| '''[[Ellen Wilson|Ellen Louise Wilson]]'''<ref name="WH-EllenWil">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ellenwilson/ |title=Biography of Ellen Wilson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080538/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ellenwilson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NFLL-EllenWil">{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=28 |title=First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009085710/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=28 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Axson)

| '''[[Edith Wilson|Edith Galt Wilson]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithwilson/ |title=Biography of Edith Wilson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080323/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/edithwilson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=29 |title=First Lady Biography: Edith Wilson |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090156/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=29 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Bolling)

| '''[[Florence Harding|Florence Mabel deWolfe Harding]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/florenceharding/ |title=Biography of Florence Harding |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080345/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/florenceharding/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=30 |title=First Lady Biography: Florence Harding |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509065941/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=30 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Kling)

| '''[[Grace Coolidge|Grace Anna Coolidge]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/gracecoolidge/ |title=Biography of Grace Coolidge |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080155/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/gracecoolidge/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=31 |title=First Lady Biography: Grace Coolidge |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090512/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=31 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Goodhue)

| '''[[Lou Hoover]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louhoover/ |title=Biography of Lou Hoover |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080600/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/louhoover/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=32 |title=First Lady Biography: Lou Hoover |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084107/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=32 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Henry)

| '''[[Eleanor Roosevelt|Anna Eleanor Roosevelt]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/eleanorroosevelt/ |title=Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080139/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/eleanorroosevelt/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=33 |title=First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2020-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429132617/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=33 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Roosevelt)

| '''[[Bess Truman|Elizabeth Virginia Truman]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/besstruman/ |title=Biography of Bess Truman |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080530/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/besstruman/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=34 |title=First Lady Biography: Bess Truman |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090543/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=34 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Wallace)

| '''[[Mamie Eisenhower|Mamie Geneva Eisenhower]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/mamieeisenhower/ |title=Biography of Mamie Eisenhower |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827190715/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/mamieeisenhower/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=35 |title=First Lady Biography: Mamie Eisenhower |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509065906/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=35 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Doud)

| '''[[Jacqueline Kennedy|Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/jacquelinekennedy/ |title=Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080237/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/jacquelinekennedy/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=36 |title=First Lady Biography: Jackie Kennedy |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2017-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523150207/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=36 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Bouvier, kemudian Onassis)

| '''[[Lady Bird Johnson|Claudia "Lady Bird" Alta Johnson]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ladybirdjohnson/ |title=Biography of Lady Bird Johnson |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080610/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/ladybirdjohnson/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=37 |title=First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084142/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=37 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Taylor)

| '''[[Pat Nixon|Thelma "Pat" Catherine Nixon]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/patnixon/ |title=Biography of Pat Nixon |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080037/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/patnixon/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38 |title=First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084238/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Ryan)

| '''[[Betty Ford|Elizabeth "Betty" Ann Warren Ford]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/bettyford/ |title=Biography of Betty Ford |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080509/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/bettyford/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=39 |title=First Lady Biography: Betty Ford |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084814/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=39 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Bloomer)

| '''[[Rosalynn Carter|Eleanor Rosalynn Carter]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/rosalynncarter/ |title=Biography of Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306061626/https://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/rosalynncarter/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=40 |title=First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509071718/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=40 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Smith)

| '''[[Nancy Reagan|Nancy Davis Reagan]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/nancyreagan/ |title=Biography of Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080641/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/nancyreagan/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41 |title=First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085730/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Robbins, Davis)

| '''[[Barbara Bush]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/barbarabush/ |title=Biography of Barbara Bush |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303162751/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/barbarabush/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=42 |title=First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303162751/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=42 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Pierce)

| '''[[Hillary Clinton|Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hillaryclinton/ |title=Biography of Hillary Clinton |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618080554/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/hillaryclinton/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=43 |title=First Lady Biography: Hillary Clinton |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204023/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=43 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Rodham)

| '''[[Laura Bush|Laura Lane Bush]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/laurabush/ |title=Biography of Laura Bush |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2009-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122234108/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first_ladies/laurabush/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=44 |title=First Lady Biography: Laura Bush |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085633/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=44 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Welch)

| '''[[Michelle Obama|Michelle LaVaughn Obama]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/michelle_obama/ |title=Biography of Laura Bush |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=[[The White House]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |archive-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67AwtrOX5?url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/first-lady-michelle-obama/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=45 |title=First Lady Biography: Michelle Obama |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |location=[[Canton, Ohio]] |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509081758/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=45 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />(née Robinson)

* [http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/ Biographies of the First Ladies of the United States of America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310120128/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/ |date=2020-03-10 }} – [[National First Ladies' Library]]