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{{short description|Pesawat ruang angkasa suborbital Amerika Serikat}}
{{sedang ditulis}}
{{redirect-distinguish|VSS Voyager|USS Voyager}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:VSS ''Unity''}}
 
'''VSS Unity''' (Virgin Space Ship Unity, [[Registrasi pesawat|Registrasi]]: '''N202VG'''), sebelumnya dikenal dengan nama '''VSS ''Voyager''''', adalah sebuah [[spaceplane|pesawat ruang angkasa]] [[suborbital]] berawak kelas [[SpaceShipTwo]] yang [[pesawatPesawat terbangbermesin roket|ditenagai oleh roket]]. Pesawat ini merupakan pesawat kedua dalam kelas SpaceShipTwo dan saat ini dipergunakan sebagai armada pesawat [[Virgin Galactic]]. VS Unity pertama kali menyentuh ketinggian {{convert|50|mi|km|abbr=on}} pada 13 Desember 2018.<ref name="VSS Unity Name Tweet">{{cite tweet|user=virgingalactic|number=700795235291402240|date=19 February 2016|title=Virgin Galactic announces new ship name}}</ref>
 
Pesawat ini keluar dari pabriknya pada 19 Februari 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/New-SpaceShipTwo-Rollout-Friday-225723-1.html|title=New SpaceShipTwo Rollout Friday|work=AVweb|date=18 February 2016 |access-date=19 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/virgin-galactic-new-spaceship-1.3399865|title=Virgin Galactic unveils new space tourism rocket plane|date=19 February 2016|work=[[CBC News]]|access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> dan menyelesaikan serangkaian pengujian di darat pada September 2016. Penerbangan pertamanya dilakukan pada 8 September 2016.<ref name="VG first flight"/><ref name="Geekwire 2016-09-08">{{cite web |url=http://www.geekwire.com/2016/virgin-galactic-new-spaceshiptwo-captive-carry/ |title=Virgin Galactic's new SpaceShipTwo gets off the ground, two years after fatal mishap |publisher=GeekWire |date=2016-09-08 |access-date=2016-09-08}}</ref><ref name=vg20160310/>
 
==Gambaran==
VSS Unity merupakan pesawat suborbital [[SpaceShipTwo]] kedua yang dibuat untuk [[Virgin Galactic]].<ref name="4 May 2015 VG SS2 Construction update">{{cite web|title=Mojave Update: SpaceShipTwo Construction|url=http://www.virgingalactic.com/mojave-update-spaceshiptwo-construction/|website=virgingalactic.com|access-date=11 September 2015|archive-date=2016-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003230106/http://www.virgingalactic.com/mojave-update-spaceshiptwo-construction/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pesawat ini, beserta pesawat SpaceShipTwo lainnya, dibuat oleh perusahaan [[The Spaceship Company]] asal Amerika Serikat. Nama pesawat ini diumumkan pada 19 Februari 2016.<ref name="VSS Unity Name Tweet" /> Sebelum nama tersebut diumumkan, pesawat ini seringkali disebut sebagai SpaceShipTwo Serial Number Two.<ref name="Air & Space Mag interview with George Whitesides">{{cite web|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Zach|title=The Making of SpaceShipTwo|url=http://www.airspacemag.com/as-interview/making-spaceshiptwo-180952849/?no-ist|website=Air & Space Smithsonian|publisher=Smithsonian Air & Space Magazine|access-date=11 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="CNN tour inside SS2 hangar">{{cite web|last1=Crane|first1=Rachel|title=Inside Virgin Galactic's newest passenger spaceship|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/13/tech/virgin-galactic-space-tourism-update/|website=Inside Virgin Galactic's Space Tourism Rocket Factory|publisher=CNN|access-date=11 September 2015}}</ref>
 
Sempat terdapat spekulasi pada tahun 2004 yang mengatakan bahwa Serial Number Two akan dinamai VSS Voyager.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.economist.com/node/3500237 |title= One small step for space tourism... |date= 16 December 2004 |publisher= The Economist }}</ref> Sejak saat itu, media menggunakan nama tersebut dalam pemberitaan mereka.<ref>{{cite news |last=Roll |first=Erin |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/glen-ridge-resident-helping-to-launch-commercial-spaceflight-1.696763 |title=Glen Ridge resident helping to launch commercial spaceflight |work=NorthJersey.com |date=2013-11-21 |access-date=2015-11-09 }}</ref><ref name="IBT20141031">{{cite news |last=Dean |first=Lewis |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-pilot-dies-after-serious-flight-problem-1472637 |title=Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo Crash: Pilot Dies After 'Serious' In-Flight Problem |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=2014-10-31 |access-date=2015-11-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harlow |first=John |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/article1481365.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2014_11_08 |title= Virgin: Our spaceship will be flying by April |work=[[The Sunday Times]] |location=London |date=2014-11-09 |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2016-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302121559/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/article1481365.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2014_11_08 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Meskipun demikian, nama yang kemudian diumumkan secara resmi adalah Unity, nama yang diusulkan oleh [[fisikawan]] asal Inggris, [[Stephen Hawking]]. Mata Stephen Hawking juga digunakan sebagai model untuk logo mata di sisi samping Unity.<ref name="USAToday-YoutubeChannel-2015-02-19">{{cite news |author= USA Today |publisher= Youtube |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aNn91OnB-8 |title= New Virgin Galactic spacecraft gets rock star unveiling |date= 2016-02-19 }}</ref>
 
==Sejarah==
[[Berkas:Lorenda Ward SpaceShipTwo 2014.jpg|thumb|VSS Unity saat sedang dibuat]]
Pembuatan Unity dimulai pada 2012.<ref name=NewsDaily-2014-11-05/> Registrasi wahana antariksa N202VG didaftarkan pada September 2014.<ref name=FAA-N202VG>{{cite web |url= http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=202VG |date= 11 September 2014 |access-date= 2014-11-05 |title= N202VG is Reserved |publisher= FAA |archive-date= 2014-11-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141106121323/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=202VG |dead-url= yes }}</ref> Hingga awal November 2014, struktur Unity telah selesai 90 persen atau 65 persen pesawat secara keseluruhan. Hingga April 2015, uji coba di darat direncanakan setidaknya akhir 2015,<ref name=Telegraph-2015-04-21>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11551234/Virgin-Galactic-to-test-new-craft-by-end-of-year.html |title= Virgin Galactic 'to test new craft by end of year' |date= 21 April 2015 |publisher= The Telegraph (London) }}</ref> setelah ditunda dari yang semula pertengahan 2015 pada November 2014.<ref name=IBT-2014-11-05>{{cite news |url= http://www.ibtimes.com/virgin-galactic-hopes-restart-spaceshiptwo-tests-summer-2015-1719766 |title= Virgin Galactic Hopes To Restart SpaceShipTwo Tests In Summer 2015 |author= Luke Villapaz |date= 5 November 2014 |work= International Business Times }}</ref><ref name=nw20141102>{{cite news |url= http://www.newsweek.com/virgin-galactic-ceo-sees-new-spacecraft-ready-next-year-281652 |title= Virgin Galactic CEO Sees New Spacecraft Ready Next Year |access-date= 2014-11-02 |publisher= Newsweek |agency= Reuters |date= 2 November 2014 }}</ref><ref name=NBCnews-2014-11-05>{{cite news |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/virgin-voyage/next-spaceshiptwo-takes-shape-virgin-galactic-hangar-n242316 |title= The Next SpaceShipTwo Takes Shape in Virgin Galactic Hangar |author= Alan Boyle |date= 5 November 2014 |publisher= NBC News }}</ref> Pada 21 Mei 2015, Unity berhasil menahan bebannya sendiri menggunakan roda pendatan.<ref name=NBCNews--2015-05-22>{{cite news |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/virgin-voyage/its-first-virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-2-0-puts-weight-wheels-n363246 |title= Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo 2.0 Puts 'Weight on Wheels' |date= 22 May 2015 |author= Alan Boyle |publisher= NBC News }}</ref> Pesawat ini kemudian dipublikasikan pada 19 Februari 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/02/19/us/virgin-galactic-new-space-plane/index.html|title=Virgin Galactic unveils new spaceship|date=19 February 2016|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219164726/https://www.cnn.com/2016/02/19/us/virgin-galactic-new-space-plane/index.html|archive-date=19 February 2018|access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref>
 
Saat dipublikasikan, VSS Unity menjadi satu-satunya armada Virgin Galactic yang siap beroperasi sejak [[VSS Enterprise]] mengalami [[Kecelakaan VSS Enterprise 2014|kecelakaan dan hancur]] pada Oktober 2014.<ref name="4 May 2015 VG SS2 Construction update" /><ref name="IBT20141031" />
Baris 59 ⟶ 57:
VSS Unity menjalani rangkaian uji coba awal yang serupa seperti VSS Enterprise. Rangkaian uji coba ini lebih pendek karena beberapa skenario uji coba lainnya sudah pernah dilakukan oleh Enterprise. Dalam setiap penerbangannya, Unity selalu dibawa oleh pesawat [[Scaled Composites White Knight Two|White Knight Two]] menuju ketinggian tertentu. Pada awal masa pengujian, Unity hanya dibawa terbang pasif di bawah sayap tengah White Knight Two (''captive carry''). Seiring berjalannya waktu, Unity mulai dilepaskan dari pesawat induknya untuk terbang ''gliding'' dan mendarat di landasan pacu. Pada tahap berikutnya, Unity terbang menggunakan mesin roketnya sendiri. Tiap tahap pengujian hanya membutuhkan 2-3 penerbangan, lebih sedikit dibandingkan 5 atau 10 penerbangan yang dilakukan oleh Enterprise.<ref name=SpaceNews-2015-10-14>{{cite news |url= http://spacenews.com/virgin-galactic-switching-back-to-rubber-fuel-for-spaceshiptwo/ |title= SpaceShipTwo Bounces Back to Rubber Fuel |author= Jeff Foust |date= 14 October 2015 |publisher= SpaceNews }}</ref>
 
OnPada 8 September 2016, Virgin Galactic memulai pengujian Unity dengan sebuah penerbangan ''captive-carry''.<ref name="Geekwire 2016-09-08"/> Pada 1 November 2016, Virgin Galactic conductedmelakukan anotherpenerbangan captive-carry flightkedua ofmenggunakan ''Unity'', buttetapi cancelledmembatalkan thepenerbangan ''glide'' portion of thekarena flightkecepatan becauseangin ofyang windterlalu speedtinggi.<ref name="space20161101">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/34580-virgin-galactic-attempts-spaceshiptwo-glide-test.html |title=Virgin Galactic Postpones 1st Glide Test with New SpaceShipTwo |author=Tariq Malik |date=1 November 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> OnPada 3 November anddan 30 November, additional ''captive-carry'' flights tooklainnya placedilakukan.<ref name="inverse20161104">{{cite web|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/23203-virgin-galactic-scrubs-spaceshiptwo-glide-test-again|title=Virgin Galactic Looks to Its Next SpaceShipTwo Flight Test|work=inverse.com|access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=virgingalactic110116>{{cite web |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2016/11/03/minute-scrub-spaceshiptwo-glide-flight/ |title=Last Minute Scrub of SpaceShipTwo Glide Flight |work=parabolicarc.com |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=5 November 2016 |last=Messier |first=Doug}}</ref><ref name=virgingalactic110316>{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/virgin-galactic-conducts-captive-carry-flight-spaceshiptwo/ |title=Virgin Galactic conducts captive carry flight of SpaceShipTwo |date=1 December 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016 |work=spaceflightinsider.com}}</ref>▼
On 8 September 2016, Virgin Galactic commenced flight testing of ''Unity'' with a captive-carry flight.<ref name="Geekwire 2016-09-08"/>
▲On 1 November 2016, Virgin Galactic conducted another captive-carry flight of ''Unity'' but cancelled the glide portion of the flight because of wind speed.<ref name="space20161101">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/34580-virgin-galactic-attempts-spaceshiptwo-glide-test.html |title=Virgin Galactic Postpones 1st Glide Test with New SpaceShipTwo |author=Tariq Malik |date=1 November 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> On 3 November and 30 November, additional captive-carry flights took place.<ref name="inverse20161104">{{cite web|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/23203-virgin-galactic-scrubs-spaceshiptwo-glide-test-again|title=Virgin Galactic Looks to Its Next SpaceShipTwo Flight Test|work=inverse.com|access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=virgingalactic110116>{{cite web |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2016/11/03/minute-scrub-spaceshiptwo-glide-flight/ |title=Last Minute Scrub of SpaceShipTwo Glide Flight |work=parabolicarc.com |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=5 November 2016 |last=Messier |first=Doug}}</ref><ref name=virgingalactic110316>{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/virgin-galactic-conducts-captive-carry-flight-spaceshiptwo/ |title=Virgin Galactic conducts captive carry flight of SpaceShipTwo |date=1 December 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016 |work=spaceflightinsider.com}}</ref>
 
InPada JulyJuli 2017, Richard Branson suggestedakan thatmemulai theuji craftcoba wasbertenaga toroket begindalam poweredtiga tests at three-weekminggu intervalsselanjutnya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-05/branson-targets-space-by-mid-2018-as-virgin-begins-powered-tests |title=Branson Aims Mid-2018 Space Trip as Virgin Resumes Powered Tests |date=5 July 2017 |access-date=8 July 2017 |work=Bloomberg |first=Bruce |last=Einhorn}}</ref> InPada September 2017, CEO George Whitesides suggestedmengatakan thatbahwa enginepengujian testingmesin wastelah complete,selesai anddan thatVSS onlyUnity amasih "smallmembutuhkan numberbeberapa of glide flights" remained before VSSpengujian ''Unitygliding'' wouldsebelum begindapat poweredmelakukan testpenerbangan flightsbertenaga roket.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/07/virgin-galactic-ceo-company-is-returning-to-powered-flights.html |title=Virgin Galactic is returning to powered flights, CEO says, in a crucial next step for the spaceship company |date=7 September 2017 |access-date=8 September 2017 |work=CNBC |first=Michael |last=Sheetz}}</ref> ThePengujian firstbertenaga poweredroket flightpertama testdilakukan took place onpada 5 April 2018 whendengan adurasi pembakaran roket selama 30-second rocketdetik. firingPembakaran acceleratedtersebut memberi percepatan kepada ''Unity'' to ahingga speedmencapai ofkecepatan Mach 1.87 and an altitudedan ofketinggian {{convert|84271|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://spacenews.com/second-spaceshiptwo-performs-first-powered-test-flight/ Second SpaceShipTwo performs first powered test flight], SpaceNews, Jeff Foust, 5 April 2018</ref><ref name="Grady10Apr18">{{cite web|url = https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/First-Supersonic-Powered-Flight-For-Virgins-Unity-230613-1.html|title = First Supersonic, Powered Flight For Virgin's Unity|access-date = 11 April 2018|last =Grady |first =Mary |work = AVweb|date = 10 April 2018}}</ref> Penerbangan Theuji firstcoba poweredbertenaga testroket flightyang ofdilakukan oleh ''Unity'' exceededmelampaui thesemua altitudeketinggian ofpenerbangan all powered test flightsyang ofdilakukan itsoleh predecessorpendahulunya, ''Enterprise''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/04/05/virgin-galactic-completes-first-rocket-powered-test-flight-since-2014/ |access-date=11 April 2018 |date=5 April 2018 |title=Virgin Galactic completes first rocket-powered test flight since 2014 |first=Stephen |last=Clark |website=spaceflightnow.com}}</ref>
 
[[VSS Unity VP-03]], the first [[Penerbangan antariksa suborbital|penerbangan spaceflightsuborbital]] ofpertama VSS Unity wasberhasil successfullydiselesaikan completed onpada 13 DecemberDesember 2018,. surpassingUnity mencapai theketinggian {{convert|50|mi|km}} altitudeyang considereddianggap thesebagai [[OuterLuar space#Boundaryangkasa|boundarybatas ofruang outer spaceangkasa]] bymenurut [[NASA]] anddan the[[Angkatan UnitedUdara StatesAmerika Air ForceSerikat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/virgin-galactic-gets-set-spaceshiptwo-flights-aim-space-high/|title=Virgin Galactic gets set for SpaceShipTwo flights that aim for space — but how high?|date=12 December 2018|website=GeekWire|access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/42725-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-unity-4th-powered-flight-twitter-updates.html|title=Virgin Galactic's 4th Powered Test Flight of SpaceShipTwo Unity in Twitter Posts|first1=Tariq|last1=Malik|first2=Space com Managing Editor |last2=December 13|first3=2018 11:30am|last3=ET|website=Space.com|access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref>
 
FollowingSetelah itspenerbangan Februarypada Februari 2019 flight to space, VSS Unity beganmulai tomenjalani undergomodifikasi modificationsuntuk includingmemasan installationkabin of the commercial cabin, and changes todan cockpitperubahan displayskokpit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spacenews.com/virgin-galactic-expects-rapid-conclusion-of-spaceshiptwo-test-flights-after-downtime/ |first=Jeff |last=Foust |date=19 April 2019 |access-date=19 April 2019 |title=Virgin Galactic expects rapid conclusion of SpaceShipTwo test flights after downtime |website=spacenews.com}}</ref> Setelah Uponmodifikasi completion of these modificationsselesai, VSS Unity alongdan withpesawat its carrier craftinduknya, VSS Eve, weredipindahkan moved tomenuju Spaceport America indi New Mexico inpada February ofFebruari 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200213005962/en/ |date=13 February 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |title=Virgin Galactic Welcomes SpaceShipTwo Unity to Spaceport America, New Mexico}}</ref> AfterSetelah completingmenjalani twodua additionalpenerbangan ''glide'' tests indi New Mexico inpada MayMei anddan June ofJuni 2020, VSS Unity underwentmenjalani finalmodifikasi modificationsterakhir tountuk the commercial cabinkabinnya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200625005869/en/ |date=25 June 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Completes Second Flight from Spaceport America}}</ref> andPada in July ofJuli 2020, Virgin Galactic firstpertama publiclykali showed themenunjukkan interior ofkabin thepenumpang spaceke craftpublik.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-reveals-spaceshiptwo-cabin-interior/ |date=28 July 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |title=Virgin Galactic Reveals Spaceshiptwo Cabin Interior |archive-date=2021-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711035804/https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-reveals-spaceshiptwo-cabin-interior/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Penerbangan antariksa SpaceShipTwo
Baris 94 ⟶ 91:
 
| style="text-align:left;" | VSS ''Unity'' VF-02
| style="text-align:left;" | 12 Desember 2020, 16:15 UTC (dibatalkan)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Virgin Galactic Update on Test Flight Program.|url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-update-on-test-flight-program/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-11|archive-date=2021-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711172345/https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-update-on-test-flight-program/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| {{partial|Dibatalkan sebelum mesin menyala}}
| style="text-align:right;"| ?
Baris 110 ⟶ 107:
|[[Virgin Galactic Unity 22|VSS ''Unity'' Unity 22]]
|11 Juli 2021
| {{PlannedSuccess}}
| style="text-align:right;" | TBD
| style="text-align:right;" | TBD
Baris 153 ⟶ 150:
| 8 September 2016
|
| 15.2 &nbsp;km (50,000 &nbsp;ft)
|
| [[Mark P. Stucky|Stucky]] / [[David Mackay (pilot)|Mackay]]
|<ref name="flugrevue.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.flugrevue.de/raumfahrt/spaceshiptwo-beginnt-flugerprobung/698732|title=Virgin Galactic: SpaceShipTwo beginnt Flugerprobung|work=flugrevue.de|access-date=5 December 2016|archive-date=2016-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111190259/http://www.flugrevue.de/raumfahrt/spaceshiptwo-beginnt-flugerprobung/698732|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
| 02 / CC02
Baris 185 ⟶ 182:
| 3 Desember 2016
| 10 minutes<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-successful-first-glide-flight-test-for-vss-unity/|title=Update from Mojave: Successful First Glide Flight Test for VSS Unity - Virgin Galactic|date=2016-12-03|work=Virgin Galactic|access-date=2017-03-20|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513225909/http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-successful-first-glide-flight-test-for-vss-unity/|archive-date=2017-05-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 16.8km8&nbsp;km (55,000 &nbsp;ft)
| Mach 0.6
| Stucky / Mackay
Baris 212 ⟶ 209:
|
| Stucky / Masucci
| F01<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-first-feather-flight-of-vss-unity-completed/ |title=Update from Mojave: First Feather Flight of VSS Unity Completed |date=1 May 2017 |access-date=6 May 2017 |language=en-US |work=Virgin Galactic |archive-date=2017-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111055156/http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-first-feather-flight-of-vss-unity-completed/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
| 09 / CF01
Baris 228 ⟶ 225:
|
| Mackay / Sturckow
| Penerbangan pertama dengan membawa komponen propulsi penting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newatlas.com/virgin-galactic-flight-test-engine/50791/|title=Virgin Galactic's VSS Unity edges closer to space|website=newatlas.com|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-vss-unity-flies-with-propulsion-systems-installed-and-live/ |title=Update from Mojave: VSS Unity Flies with Propulsion Systems Installed and Live |date=4 August 2017 |access-date=16 August 2017 |language=en-US |work=Virgin Galactic |archive-date=2017-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223045930/https://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-vss-unity-flies-with-propulsion-systems-installed-and-live/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
| 11 / GF07
Baris 236 ⟶ 233:
| Mach 0.9
| Stucky / Masucci
| <ref name=kob2018jan11>{{cite web |url=http://www.kob.com/new-mexico-news/virgin-galactic-launces-spaceship-two-test-flight/4739902/ |website=kob.com |date=11 January 2018 |access-date=11 January 2018 |title=SpaceShip Two test flight a success |first=Marian |last=Camacho |archive-date=2018-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329154925/http://www.kob.com/new-mexico-news/virgin-galactic-launces-spaceship-two-test-flight/4739902 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=engadget2018jan11>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2018/01/11/virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-eleventh-glide-test/ |website=engadget.com |date=11 January 2018 |access-date=11 January 2018 |title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo is almost ready for powered tests |first=Swapna |last=Krishna}}</ref><ref name=virgin2018jan11>{{cite web |url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-vss-unity-successfully-completes-high-speed-glide-flight/ |title=Update from Mojave: VSS Unity successfully completes high speed glide flight |date=11 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=virgingalactic.com |archive-date=2021-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711173616/https://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-vss-unity-successfully-completes-high-speed-glide-flight/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=space2018jan11>{{cite web |url=https://www.space.com/39360-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-seventh-glide-flight.html |title=Virgin Galactic's VSS Unity Soars on 7th Glide Flight (Photo) |date=11 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=space.com |first=Mike |last=Wall}}</ref>
|-
| 12 / PF01
| 5 April 2018
|
| 25.7 &nbsp;km (84,300 &nbsp;ft)
| Mach 1.87
| Stucky / Mackay
Baris 249 ⟶ 246:
| 29 Mei 2018
|
| 34.9 &nbsp;km (114,501 &nbsp;ft)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/29/17404784/virgin-galactic-vss-unity-space-plane-powered-test-flight|title=The second powered flight of Virgin Galactic's spaceplane featured extra passenger seats|website=theverge.com|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/second-spaceshiptwo-makes-second-powered-test-flight/|title=Second SpaceShipTwo makes second powered test flight - SpaceNews.com|date=29 May 2018|website=spacenews.com|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>
| Mach 1.9
| Mackay / Stucky
Baris 257 ⟶ 254:
| 26 Juli 2018
|
| 52.1 &nbsp;km (170,800 &nbsp;ft) <ref name=virgingalactic072618>{{Cite news |url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/Into-the-Mesosphere-at-Mach-2 |title=Into the Mesosphere at Mach 2 |date=26 July 2018 |work=Virgin Galactic |access-date=26 July 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711172818/https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/into-the-mesosphere-at-mach-2/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| Mach 2.47<ref name=virgingalactic072618 />
| Mackay / Masucci<ref name=geekwire072618>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-rocket-plane-sails-third-supersonic-flight/ |title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo rocket plane sails through third supersonic flight |first=Alan |last=Boyle |date=26 July 2018 |website=geekwire.com |access-date=26 July 2018 }}</ref>
Baris 265 ⟶ 262:
| 13 Desember 2018
|
| 82.7 &nbsp;km (271,330 &nbsp;ft)
| Mach 2.9<ref name=verge20181213>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/13/18138279/virgin-galactic-vss-unity-spaceshiptwo-space-tourism |first=Lauren |last=Grush |title=Virgin Galactic's spaceplane finally makes it to space for the first time |date=13 December 2018 |access-date=13 December 2018 |website=theverge.com}}</ref>
| Stucky / Sturckow
Baris 273 ⟶ 270:
| 22 Februari 2019
|
| 89.9 &nbsp;km (295,007 &nbsp;ft) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-makes-space-for-second-time-in-ten-weeks-with-three-on-board/|title=Virgin Galactic|website=www.virgingalactic.com|access-date=2019-02-22|archive-date=2019-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329191304/https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-makes-space-for-second-time-in-ten-weeks-with-three-on-board/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.space.com/virgin-galactic-powered-flight-february-2019.html |first=Meghan |last=Bartels |title=Virgin Galactic Reaches Space Again, Flies Test Passenger for 1st Time |date=22 February 2019 |access-date=22 February 2018 |work=space.com}}</ref>
| Mach 3.04 <ref name=":0" />
| Mackay / Masucci / [[Beth Moses|Moses]]<ref name=":0" />
Baris 281 ⟶ 278:
| 1 Mei 2020
|
| 15.24 &nbsp;km (50,000 &nbsp;ft) <ref name="galacticmay2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-completes-first-flight-from-spaceport-america/|title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceshipTwo Completes First Flight From Spaceport America|website=www.virgingalactic.com|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-date=2020-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703120944/https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-completes-first-flight-from-spaceport-america/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| Mach 0.7 <ref name="galacticmay2020" />
| Mackay / Sturckow <ref name="galacticmay2020" />
Baris 289 ⟶ 286:
| 25 Juni 2020
|
| 15.54 &nbsp;km (51,000 &nbsp;ft) <ref name="galacticjune2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-completes-second-flight-from-spaceport-america/|title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceshipTwo Completes Second Flight From Spaceport America|website=www.virgingalactic.com|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2020-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628233550/https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-completes-second-flight-from-spaceport-america/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| Mach 0.85 <ref name="galacticjune2020" />
| Stucky / Masucci <ref name="galacticjune2020" />
Baris 305 ⟶ 302:
| 22 Mei 2021
|
| 89.23 &nbsp;km (55.45 &nbsp;mi)
|
| Mackay / Sturckow
Baris 311 ⟶ 308:
|-
| 22
| Paling cepat 11 Juli 2021
|
|
|
|
|Rencananya menjadi penerbanganPenerbangan antariksa berawak penuh pertama bagi Virgin Galactic. Penerbangan ini juga akan ditumpangi oleh Richard Branson.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.space.com/virgin-galactic-richard-branson-vss-unity-flight |title=Virgin Galactic says it will launch Richard Branson to space on July 11 |date=2 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
 
Baris 331 ⟶ 328:
{{Virgin Galactic}}
{{Scaled Composites}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vss Unity}}
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/VSS_Unity"