Taliban: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{for|pemerintahan Taliban yang berkuasa di Afganistan|Keamiran Islam Afganistan}}{{Infobox war faction
|name =
|native_name = طالبان (ṭālibān)
|native_name_lang = ps
|war = {{plainlist|
* [[Perang di Afghanistan (1978–sekarang)|Perang di Afghanistan]]
* [[Perang Melawan Teror]]}}
|image = [[Berkas:Flag of Taliban.svg|tepi|260px]]
|caption = Bendera Taliban
|
* [[Mohammed Omar]] [[(
* [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]]
}}
|leaders = {{plainlist|
* [[Mohammed Omar]] [[(Kematian karena sebab alami)]] (1994–2013)
* [[Akhtar Mansour]]{{KIA}} (2015–2016)
* [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] (2016–sekarang)
}}
|allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg|size=23px}} [[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]
|clans =Kebanyakan [[Pashtun]];<ref name="Giustozzi">{{cite book|last=Giustozzi|first=Antonio|title=Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70112-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249 249]|url=https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249}}</ref><ref name="Clements0">{{cite book|last=Clements|first=Frank A.|title=Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict)|url=https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-402-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866/page/n257 219]}}</ref>
|ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|[[Jihadisme]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowman, Bradley and McMaster, H.R. |date=15 August 2021 |title=In Afghanistan, the Tragic Toll of Washington Delusion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-withdrawal-biden-human-rights-terrorist-jihadist-islamist-taliban-kabul-11629044191 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |quote=The Taliban militants display the jihadist group's flag after taking control of Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Aug. 15. |accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref>
* [[Pashtunwali]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com"/><ref>Rashid, ''Taliban'' (2000)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109110349/http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2010 |title=Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? | Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=Csis.org |date=19 October 2010 |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |title=Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code |publisher=CF2R |date=30 November 2013 |access-date=18 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810020924/http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |archive-date=10 August 2014 }}</ref>▼
|[[Fundamentalisme Islam]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal |last=Whine |first=Michael |date=1 September 2001 |title=Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences |journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=54–72 |doi=10.1080/714005450 |s2cid=146940668}}</ref><ref name="auto2">Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001</ref><ref name="Maley2-14">{{Cite book |last=Maley |first=William |title=Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban |url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6 |publisher=C Hurst & Co |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-85065-360-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6/page/14 14]}}</ref><ref name="Turbulent">{{Cite book |last=Ogata |first=Sadako N. |url=https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada |title=The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s |date=2005 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-05773-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada/page/286 286] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Melissa">{{Cite news |last=McNamara |first=Melissa |date=31 August 2006 |title=The Taliban In Afghanistan |publisher=CBS |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-taliban-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>
|active = 1994–1996 ([[milisi]])<br />1996–2001 (pemerintahan)<br />2002–sekarang ([[pemberontak]])▼
|[[Islamisme]] [[Deobandi]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2013 |title=Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups? |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/347009 |website=digitaljournal.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /><ref name="Maley2-14" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895 |website=oxfordislamicstudies.com}}</ref>
|headquarters =[[Kandahar]], [[Afganistan]] (1994–2001)▼
|[[Nasionalisme agama]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Afghan Taliban |url=http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509205345/http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |archive-date=9 May 2015 |access-date=7 April 2015 |website=National Counterterrorism Center}}</ref>
|area = [[Afganistan]] dan [[Pakistan]]<ref name="PakistanTaliban">Pajhwok Afghan News, [http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=36208 Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan)].</ref>▼
▲
|strength = 45,000 (2001 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance|publisher=Usgovinfo.about.com|date=|accessdate=2009-11-26}}</ref><br />11,000 (2008 est.)<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080910/wl_mcclatchy/3041862 9/11 seven years later: U.S. 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] ''"There are now some 62,000 foreign soldiers in Afganistan , including 34,000 U.S. troops, and some 150,000 Afghan security forces. '''They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents''', according to U.S. commanders."''</ref><br /> 36,000 (2010 est.)<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece|location=London|work=The Times|title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000|date=2010-03-03|first1=Fiona|last1=Hamilton|first2=Sam|last2=Coates|first3=Michael|last3=Savage}}</ref>▼
▲|area
|size = Kekuatan inti -{{plainlist|
* 45.000 (perk. 2001)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance |url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |access-date=26 November 2009 |website=US Gov Info |publisher=About.com |archive-date=2016-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 11.000 (perk. 2008)<ref>[http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html 9/11 seven years later: US 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110234907/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html |date=10 January 2015 }}. Retrieved 24 August 2010.</ref>
* 36.000 (perk. 2010)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Fiona |last2=Coates |first2=Sam |last3=Savage |first3=Michael |date=3 March 2010 |title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000 |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece}}</ref>
* 60.000 (perk. 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703023519/http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |archive-date=3 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2014 |publisher=Voice of America }}</ref>
* 60.000<ref name="2021number">{{Cite web |date=14 January 2021 |title=Afghanistan's Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/ |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point |archive-date=2021-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815115043/https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> (perk. 2017 tidak termasuk 90.000 milisi lokal dan 50.000 elemen pendukung)
* 75.000 (perk. 2021)<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2021 |title=Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708214308/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=8 July 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The White House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban Sweep in Afghanistan Follows Years of U.S. Miscalculations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817131719/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=Taliban's Afghanistan takeover raises big questions for U.S. security chiefs |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901043600/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |archive-date=2021-09-01 |access-date=17 August 2021 |publisher=NBC News |dead-url=yes }}</ref>}}
▲|active = 1994–1996 ([[milisi]])<br />1996–2001 ([[Keamiran Islam Afganistan (1996–2001)|pemerintahan pertama]])<br />
▲|headquarters =[[Kandahar]], [[Afganistan]] (1994–2001)<br>[[Kabul]], Afganistan (2021-sekarang)
▲|strength = 45,000 (2001 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance|publisher=Usgovinfo.about.com|date=|accessdate=2009-11-26|archive-date=2016-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br />11,000 (2008 est.)<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080910/wl_mcclatchy/3041862 9/11 seven years later: U.S. 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] ''"There are now some 62,000 foreign soldiers in Afganistan , including 34,000 U.S. troops, and some 150,000 Afghan security forces. '''They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents''', according to U.S.
|previous = Murid dari [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
|allies ='''Negara Sekutu''' {{plainlist|
Baris 24 ⟶ 41:
|date=9 August 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/09/world/asia/taliban-leader-feared-pakistan-before-he-was-killed.html}}</ref>
* {{flag|Qatar}} (tertuduh)<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar's Dirty Hands|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/450093/qatar-supports-islamists-threatens-american-middle-east-allies|date=3 August 2017|work=[[National Review]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=[[Pajhwok Afghan News]]|date=7 August 2017|url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2017/08/07/saudi-has-evidence-qatar-supports-taliban-envoy|title=Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy}}</ref><ref name="Scroll"/>
* {{flag|Iran}} (tertuduh)<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Middle East Institute]]|title=Iranian Support for Taliban Alarms Afghan Officials|date=9 January 2017|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/iranian-support-taliban-alarms-afghan-officials|quote=Both Tehran and the Taliban denied cooperation during the first decade after the US intervention, but the unholy alliance is no longer a secret and the two sides now unapologetically admit and publicize it.}}</ref><ref name="mansouriran">{{Cite web|last=Kugelman|first=Michael|title=What Was Mullah Mansour Doing in Iran?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/mullah-mansour-iran-afghanistan-taliban-drone/|url-status=live|website=foreignpolicy.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Iran Backs Taliban With Cash and Arms| url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-backs-taliban-with-cash-and-arms-1434065528| website = The Wall Street Journal | date = 11 June 2015| access-date = 13 June 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|Cina}} (tertuduh)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/03/chinas-man-in-the-taliban-mullah-omar/ |title=China's Man in the Taliban |last=Small |first=Andrew |date=23 August 2015 |work=[[Foreign Policy]] Argument |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6975934.stm |title=Taleban 'getting Chinese arms' |last=Danahar |first=Paul |date=3 September 2007 |work=[[BBC]] |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref>
* {{flag|Rusia}} (tertuduh oleh Amerika Serikat,
* {{flag|Arab Saudi}} (tertuduh sampai 2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/09/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-turn-away-from-the-taliban/|title=What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?|first=Samuel Ramani, The|last=Diplomat|website=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref name="Scroll">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/862284/why-did-saudi-arabia-and-qatar-allies-of-the-us-continue-to-fund-the-taliban-after-the-2001-war|title=Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?|work=scroll.in|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>
}}
'''Sekutu Bukan Negara''' {{plainlist|
*{{flagicon
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg}} [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]]<ref name="Sky">{{cite journal|first=Matt|last=Waldman|date=June 2010|title=The Sun in the Sky: The Relationship between Pakistan's ISI and Afghan Insurgents|journal=Crisis States Working Papers|publisher=Crisis States Research Centre, [[London School of Economics]] and Political Science|issue=series no.2, no. 18|page=3|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/mritems/Documents/2010/6/13/20106138531279734lse-isi-taliban.pdf |quote=In the 1980s the ISI was instrumental in supporting seven Sunni Muslim mujahedeen groups in their jihad against the Soviets, and was the principal conduit of covert US and Saudi funding. It subsequently played a pivotal rôle in the emergence of the Taliban (Coll 2005:292) and Pakistan provided significant political, financial, military and logistical support to the former Taliban regime in [[Afghanistan]] (1996–2001)(Rashid 2001).}}</ref>
▲*{{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]<ref name="advances" />
* [[File:Flag of Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg|25px]] [[Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (2004–2007, 2009, sejak 2017)<ref name="rediff Baitullah Mehsud Taliban governor">{{cite web |last1=Shehzad |first1=Mohammad |title=Why is the Pakistan army scared of this man? |url=https://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/10pspec.htm |website=in.rediff.com |publisher=[[rediff]] |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216105921/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/10pspec.htm |archive-date=16 December 2007 |date=10 March 2006 |quote=[[Baitullah Mehsud|Baitullah]] was appointed as [[Mullah Omar]]'s governor of the Mehsud tribe in a special ceremony attended by five leading Taliban commanders}}</ref><ref name="nyt - 3/26/2009 - pakistan and afghan taliban close ranks">{{cite web |last1=Gall |first1=Carlotta |title=Pakistan and Afghan Taliban Close Ranks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=14 December 2020 |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |date=26 March 2009 |quote=The Afghan Taliban delegation urged the Pakistani Taliban leaders to settle their internal differences, scale down their activities in Pakistan and help counter the planned increase of American forces in Afghanistan, the fighters said.}}</ref><ref name="PIPS Noor Wali Mehsud">{{cite web |last1=Zahid |first1=Farhan |title=Profile of New TTP Chief Mufti Noor Wali Mehsud: Challenges and Implications |url=https://www.pakpips.com/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Profile-of-New-TTP-Chief-Mufti-Noor-Wali-Mehsud-Challenges-and-Implications.pdf |website=pakpips.com |publisher=Pak Institute for Peace Studies |access-date=14 December 2020 |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |page=4 |date=15 April 2019 |quote=According to Mehsud, the real jihad is against US forces in occupied Afghanistan to restore the Islamic Emirate while using tribal areas of Pakistan as base of operations and safe haven for both Taliban and Al-Qaeda. He further explains the goals and aims of the jihadi movement as: maintaining the independent status for Mehsud tribe, defeating the US in Afghanistan, establishing caliphate in Afghanistan}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Tnsm-flag.svg|25px}} [[Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin.svg|25px}} [[Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Afghan militant fighters 'may join Islamic State'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29009125 |work=BBC News|date=2 September 2014|access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref> <small>(sampai 2016)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/afghanistan-ghani-hekmatyar-sign-peace-deal-160929092524754.html |title=Afghanistan: Ghani, Hekmatyar sign peace deal|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
* [[File:
}}
|international = [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Pakistan]], [[United Arab Emirates]] (sebelum [[September 11 attacks|11 September attacks]])
|opponents = '''Negara Lawan'''{{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|
* {{flag|India}} <ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieindia.org/2020/06/02/dealing-with-taliban-india-s-strategy-in-afghanistan-after-u.s.-withdrawal-pub-81951|title=Dealing With the Taliban: India’s Strategy in Afghanistan After U.S. Withdrawal|publisher=Carnegie India |access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref>
* {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
Baris 49 ⟶ 64:
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the International Security Assistance Force.svg}} [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]]}}
'''Lawan Bukan Negara''' {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1992–2001).svg|25px}} [[Aliansi Utara]]
* {{flagicon image|Northern Alliance flag flown in Panjshir 2021.svg}} [[Perlawanan Kedua|Perlawanan Panjshir]]
* {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|NIIS]] - Propinsi Khorasan<ref>{{cite web|title=ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213191753/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |archive-date=13 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =ISIS, Taliban announced Jihad against each other| url =http://www.khaama.com/isis-taliban-announced-jihad-against-each-other-3206| website = Khaama Press| date = 20 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram'| url =http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/130420151| website = Rudaw| date = 13 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015 }}</ref>
* [[File:
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jamiat-e Islami.svg|25px}} [[Jamiat-e Islami]]<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web| title =Afghanistan's warlord vice-president spoiling for a fight with the Taliban| url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/04/afghan-vice-president-militia-taliban-general-dostum| website = The Guardian| date = 4 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image||25px}} [[Gerakan Islam Nasional Afganistan|Junbish-i-Milli]]<ref name="theguardian.com"/>
* {{flagicon image|flag of Hezbe Wahdat.svg|25px}} [[Hezbe Wahdat]]<ref>Ibrahimi, Niamatullah. 2009. "Divide and Rule: State Penetration in Hazarajat (Afghanistan) from Monarchy to the Taliban", ''Crisis States Working Papers'' (Series 2) 42, London: Crisis States Research Centre, LSE</ref>}}
|battles =
* [[Perang Saudara Afganistan (1992–1996)]]
* [[Perang Saudara Tajikistan]] (1992–1997)<ref name="google">{{Cite book |last=Jonson |first=Lena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96 |title=Tajikistan in the New Central Asia |date=25 August 2006 |isbn=9781845112936 |access-date=17 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116011515/https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96 |archive-date=16 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Perang Saudara Afganistan (1996–2001)]]
* [[Perang di Afganistan (2001–2021)]]
** [[Konflik Taliban-ISIS|Konflik Taliban-ISIS di Afghanistan]]
** [[Serangan Taliban 2021]]
| designated_as_terror_group_by = <br />{{flag|Kanada}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 February 2021|title=Currently listed entities|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|access-date=3 February 2021|website=Public Safety Canada|publication-date=21 June 2019}}</ref><br />{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref name="kz-list">{{cite web|url=https://egov.kz/cms/en/articles/religion/zaprewennye_ordanizacii|title=The list of prohibited foreign organizations in Kazakhstan|publisher=Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan|date=28 November 2019|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><br />{{flag|Kirgizstan}}<ref name="kg-list">{{cite web|url=https://24.kg/english/48835_List_of_terrorist_and_extremist_organizations_banned_in_Kyrgyzstan_/|title=List of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in Kyrgyzstan|website=24.kg|access-date=3 March 2020|date=5 April 2017}}</ref><br />{{flag|Tajikistan}}<ref name="tj-list">{{cite web|url=https://nbt.tj/en/financial_monitoring/perechni.php|title=The list of terrorists and extremists|publisher=National Bank of Tajikistan|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><br />{{flag|Turki}}<br />{{flag|Uni Emirat Arab}}<ref name="uae-2017-18">{{cite web|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302618259|title=43 new designations specifically address threats posed by Qatar linked and based Al Qaida Terrorism Support Networks|publisher=Emirates News Agency|date=9 June 2017|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="uae-2017-28">{{cite web|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302624655|title=UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain declare details of new terror designations|publisher=Emirates News Agency|date=25 July 2017|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
'''Gerakan Taliban''', sering disebut hanya sebagai '''Taliban''' atau '''Taleban''' ([[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|bahasa Persia]] dan [[Bahasa Pashtun|Pashtun]] طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه میخواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21|archive-date=2021-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821093906/https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dari bentuk jamak [[bahasa Arab]]: طالب ṭālib, "pencari"), para anggotanya menyebut organisasinya secara resmi sebagai '''[[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]''',<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan|format = mirror|year = 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|archive-date = 2012-10-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121019164900/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|dead-url = yes}}</ref> adalah gerakan nasionalis [[Islam]] [[Deobandi]] pendukung [[Pashtun]] yang secara efektif menguasai hampir seluruh wilayah [[Afganistan]] sejak [[1996]] sampai [[2001]] serta kembali menguasai Afganistan pada 2021. Saat ini, Taliban adalah satu dari dua entitas politik yang sama-sama mengklaim sebagai pemerintah yang sah atas Afganistan di samping pihak [[Republik Islam Afganistan|Republik]].
Kelompok Taliban dibentuk pada September 1994, mendapat dukungan dari [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Pakistan]].<ref name="abad 20">Susilo, Taufik Adi. Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Dunia Abad 20. Javalitera. Yogyakarta 2010. Halaman 391</ref
Kelompok ini mendapat pengakuan diplomatik hanya dari tiga negara: [[Uni Emirat Arab]], [[Pakistan]], dan [[Arab Saudi]], serta pemerintah [[Republik Chechnya Ichkeria]] yang tidak diakui dunia.▼
Anggota-anggota paling berpengaruh dari Taliban, termasuk Mullah [[Mohammed Omar]], pemimpin gerakan ini, adalah [[mullah]] desa (pelajar yunior agama Islam), yang sebagian besar belajar di [[madrasah]] di [[Pakistan]]. Gerakan ini terutama berasal dari Pashtun di Afganistan, serta [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Provinsi
== Etimologi ==
▲Kelompok Taliban dibentuk pada September 1994, mendapat dukungan dari [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Pakistan]].<ref name="abad 20">Susilo, Taufik Adi. Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Dunia Abad 20. Javalitera. Yogyakarta 2010. Halaman 391</ref> Dewan Keamanan PBB mengecam tindakan kelompok ini karena kejahatannya terhadap warga negara [[Iran]] dan [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="abad 20" /> Taliban melakukan berbagai aksi pelanggaran [[HAM]] di [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="abad 20" />
Kata Taliban merupakan bahasa [[Pashto]], {{lang|ps|طالبان}} ({{transliteration|ps|ṭālibān}}), yang berarti 'para murid', bentuk jamak dari ''ṭālib''. Kata ini merupakan kata serapan dari bahasa [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]] {{lang|ar|طالب}} ({{transliteration|ar|ṭālib}}), menggunakan bentuk plural dari bahasa pashto dengan akhiran ''-ān'' {{lang|ps|ان}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of TALIBAN|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Taliban|website=merriam-webster.com|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (dalam bahasa Arab {{lang|ar|طالبان}} ({{transliteration|ar|ṭālibān}}) tidaklah berarti 'para murid' melainkan 'dua murid', karena dalam bahasa arab akhiran an merupakan bentuk ganda. Sedangkan bentuk jamaknya yang sebenarnya dalam bahasa arab yakni {{lang|ar|طلاب}} ({{transliteration|ar|ṭullāb}}) —yang mana hal ini menyebabkan kebingungan bagi penutur bahasa Arab.) Sejak diserap pula ke dalam bahasa Inggris, kata Taliban, selain menjadi kata benda jamak yang merujuk pada kelompok, juga telah digunakan sebagai kata benda tunggal yang merujuk pada individu. Misalnya, John Walker Lindh telah disebut sebagai "seorang Taliban Amerika", bukan "seorang Talib Amerika" di media berbahasa Inggris. Hal ini berbeda di Afghanistan, di mana seorang member atau pendukung kelompok ini disebut sebagai Talib (طالب) atau jamaknya Talib-ha (طالبها). Dalam definisi lain, Taliban berarti 'pencari'.<ref>{{lexico|Taliban}}</ref>
== Penggulingan 2001 ==
▲Kelompok ini mendapat pengakuan diplomatik hanya dari tiga negara: [[Uni Emirat Arab]], [[Pakistan]], dan [[Arab Saudi]], serta pemerintah [[Republik Chechnya Ichkeria]] yang tidak diakui dunia.
Pemerintahan Taliban digulingkan oleh Amerika Serikat karena dituduh melindungi pemimpin [[Al Qaeda]] Osama Bin Laden yang juga dituduh Washington mendalangi serangan terhadap menara kembar WTC, New York pada tanggal 11 September 2001 bekerja sama dengan kubu Aliansi Utara.<ref name="abad 20" /> Invasi ini dimulai pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan bulan November 2001 dengan secara mengejutkan sehingga pihak Taliban langsung keluar dari ibu kota Afganistan, Kabul sehingga pihak Amerika relatif cepat dan mudah menguasainya. Sejak 2001, pasukan Amerika dan negara sekutu yang lain seperti Britania Raya dan Jerman mulai menduduki Afganistan untuk menumpas Taliban dan membantu menjaga keamanan negara.▼
▲Anggota-anggota paling berpengaruh dari Taliban, termasuk Mullah [[Mohammed Omar]], pemimpin gerakan ini, adalah [[mullah]] desa (pelajar yunior agama Islam), yang sebagian besar belajar di [[madrasah]] di [[Pakistan]]. Gerakan ini terutama berasal dari Pashtun di Afganistan, serta [[Provinsi Perbatasan Barat Laut]] (''North-West Frontier Province'', NWFP) di Pakistan, dan juga mencakup banyak sukarelawan dari [[Bangsa Arab|Arab]], [[Eurasia]], serta [[Asia Selatan]].
== Serangan 2021 ==
{{main|Serangan Taliban 2021}}
Pada Mei 2021, pasukan Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara sekutunya mulai menarik diri dari Afganistan secara bertahap. Karena peristiwa penarikan pasukan tersebut, Taliban kembali memberontak terhadap pemerintah Afganistan. Pemberontakan ini mengakibatkan ratusan hingga ribuan penduduk Afganistan harus mengungsi ke ibu kota Kabul. Beberapa di antaranya ada yang melarikan diri ke luar negeri khususnya ke Iran, Turki dan negara-negara Eropa.
Terkait dengan pemberontakan tersebut, Presiden Joe Biden kembali mengerahkan sekitar 3.000 personel militer AS untuk bekerja sama dengan militer Afganistan dalam melawan Taliban. Pasukan cadangan juga disiagakan di negara-negara terdekat seperti Kuwait, Arab Saudi dan Qatar.
Per 13 Agustus 2021, Taliban telah menguasai sepuluh wilayah Afganistan dalam kurun waktu enam hari. Kota-Kota utama seperti Kandahar, Herat dan Jalalabad telah jatuh ke tangan Taliban.
Pada 15 Agustus 2021, pihak Taliban telah [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|mengepung wilayah Kabul]] dan bernegosiasi dengan Pemerintah Afganistan terkait penyerahan kekuasaan secara damai. Akibat pengepungan tersebut, Presiden [[Ashraf Ghani]] dan beberapa diplomat AS di Afganistan segera dievakuasi dan meninggalkan Afganistan.
▲Pemerintahan Taliban digulingkan oleh Amerika Serikat karena dituduh melindungi pemimpin [[Al Qaeda]] Osama Bin Laden yang juga dituduh Washington mendalangi serangan terhadap menara kembar WTC, New York pada tanggal 11 September 2001 bekerja sama dengan kubu Aliansi Utara.<ref name="abad 20" /> Invasi ini dimulai pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan bulan November 2001 dengan secara mengejutkan sehingga pihak Taliban langsung keluar dari ibu kota Afganistan, Kabul sehingga pihak Amerika relatif cepat dan mudah menguasainya.
== Referensi ==
Baris 82 ⟶ 119:
* [http://www.beautifulislam.com/audio/misc/ram/npr-03212001.ram Afghani Roving Ambassador on NPR's Talk of the Nation March 21, 2001, about women's treatment, statue destruction and other "lies"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822102103/http://www.beautifulislam.com/audio/misc/ram/npr-03212001.ram |date=2006-08-22 }}
* [http://www.beautifulislam.com/taliban/afghani_embassador_usc.htm Afghani Ambassador Speech at USC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308103320/http://www.beautifulislam.com/taliban/afghani_embassador_usc.htm |date=2006-03-08 }}
* [http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue1/jv6n1a1.html Who is responsible for the Taliban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907000036/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue1/jv6n1a1.html |date=2006-09-07 }}
* [http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm "Bush's Faustian Deal with the Taliban"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907162919/http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm |date=2006-09-07 }}, oleh Robert Scheer, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 22 Mei 2001
[[Kategori:Taliban| ]]
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Partai politik di Afganistan]]
[[Kategori:Partai politik yang didirikan tahun 1994]]
[[Kategori:Anti-Syiah]]
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